This thesis is focused on insurance business in Vietnam, life insurance and nonlife insurance market within the frame of past and present development. Important part of this thesis is also description of insurance intermediaries and reinsurance companies that are significant subjects in insurance market. Macroeconomic and sociodemographic conditions, in which insurance market operates, are described in first chapter. Vietnam insurance market is underdeveloped in comparison to European countries. On the other hand this sector is progressively developing and has large potential; especially in case government reforms will continue and will lead to international openness and free market economy in Vietnam.

(in English): This thesis deals with the second war in Indochina (American Vietnam War), its causes, course, political and international contexts and, in particular, its representation in American cinema in the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century. In the main part of this thesis, I introduce the most important films dedicated to the Vietnam War while comparing and showing the different approaches of directors to this topic. I present films that deal not only with the war in Vietnam, but also topics that are immediately connected to it, such as the draft, returning veterans and their problems or war heroes. For each movie I endeavor to show the artistic quality or flaws and emphasize the political attitudes of the directors and their relationship to the Vietnam War.

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I mitt reportage De som avvek och en som gick in berättar krigsvägraren William Males, desertören Steve David Kinnaman och veteranen Bill Ray i porträttform om hur de på olika sätt undkom kriget som rasade i Vietnam mellan åren 1955-1975. En vägrade i initialt skede att delta i kriget. En var halvvägs till Vietnam innan han avvek. Den tredje upplevde krigets fasor och överlevde. Gemensamt för dem alla är att Sverige blev deras andra hem från 1960-talet och framåt, en fristad undan kriget och hemlandet USAs politiska förföljelser. Utifrån ett dussin intervjuer, arkivmaterial, facklitteratur, gamla tidningsdokument, fotografier, ljudsnuttar, filmer och digitala källor har jag skrivit reportaget i tre självständiga porträtt. Tillsammans med nytagna porträttbilder av intervjupersonerna och privata fotografier från deras ungdomstid, flyktväg, krigsminnen och familjer har jag försökt skapa en så levande bild av deras liv som möjligt.

Faktorer som påverkar återgång till arbete efter moped olyckor i Vietnam Rehabilitering kan möjliggöra för personer med funktionsnedsättningar att leva självständigt och vara en del av samhället. Majoriteten av dem som skadas i trafiken i Vietnam är motorcykelåkare. Syftet med uppsatsen var att beskriva faktorer som upplevdes påverka arbetsåtergången för personer som har varit med i en mopedolycka i Vietnam. En kvalitativ metod med semi-strukturerade intervju användes under datainsamlingen. I uppsatsen deltog elva personer, både män och kvinnor, som hade varit med i en mopedolycka under de senaste fem åren. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes. Resultatet visade stödjande och hindrande faktorer som påverkar återgång till arbete. De faktorer som främst upplevdes som stödjande vid återgång till arbete var stöd från arbetsgivare, hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal samt familj. Arbetsgivarna kunde underlätta genom att ge tid för rehabilitering och vila. Hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal kunde förbättra upplevelsen av hälsotillståndet och vara uppmuntrande och stöttande under rehabiliteringsperioden. Stödet från familjen bestod av hjälp i de dagliga aktiviteterna och skjutsande till och från sjukhuset och arbetet. Faktorer som visades vara hindrande för återgång till arbete var avsaknad av miljöanpassning och försämrat hälsotillstånd. Slutsatsen av detta examensarbete var att arbetsgivare, hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal och familjen upplevdes som den främsta resursen i den sociala miljön vid återgång till arbetet. / Rehabilitation is a way to enable people with disabilities to live independently and to be a part of the community. The majority of people who are injured by traffic accidents in Vietnam are mainly motorcycle users. The purpose of the thesis was to describe factors influencing return-to-work experienced by people injured by motorbike accidents in Vietnam. A qualitative method with semi structured interviews was used to collect the data. The thesis included eleven participants, both men and women, who had been in a motorbike accident during the last five years. For data analysis a qualitative content analysis was used. Results showed supportive and obstructive factors that influenced return to work. Those factors that mainly was experienced as supportive when returning to work was supportive employers, professionals and family. The employer could support with time for rehabilitation and rest. The professionals could increase the health condition and be encouraging and supportive during the rehabilitation period. Support from family consisted of help with activities in daily living and driving their relative to hospital and to work. Factors that was obstructive when returning to work was lack of environmental adjustments and decreased health condition. The conclusion of this thesis was that the employer, professionals and families are seen as the main resource in the social environment when returning to work.

published_or_final_version / Comparative Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

The Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP) first launched Doi Moi [Renovation] in 1986—10 years after the VCP officially assumed power in 1976 of the Socialist Republics of Vietnam. As the VCP describes, Doi Moi is a comprehensive economic reform package with new initiatives toward building “a mixed economy” that introduces “market mechanism with state management and a socialist orientation” to Vietnam’s economy. With Doi Moi, pragmatism has evidently taken center stage in place of dogmatic concerns for ideological correctness. The thesis seeks to first examine the conditions and factors that gave impetus for the economic reforms in Vietnam. These conditions and factors are especially evident when they are examined in a comparative context with the Soviet Union and China’s experiences with similar reforms as they are done here in the thesis. Moreover, the change of orientation from a centrally planned economy to market-oriented economy is reflected in Doi Moi’s decentralization and economic liberalization reforms as well as the VCP’s opening up to international reintegration and reconciliation with namely the United States. From this examination, it is apparent that at the crux of the VCP’s decision to pursue reforms and the Vietnamese people's support for reforms are fundamental considerations of self and political interests—the VCP's to stay in power and the people's to subsist and prosper. Whether reforms are socialist or capitalist—in form or in practice—are thus of lesser importance to the VCP and Vietnamese people than whether reforms work or do not work. / text

China-Vietnam marriages attract increasing public attention in China and trigger many discussions on the phenomenon of “Vietnamese brides”. The discussions are often linked to the rapid modernization of the border areas since the 1990s, caused by the re-opening of the border, the prosperity of the transnational economy, and the increase of cross-border mobility between the two countries. However, modernity in the borderlands has been “compressed” and unsystematic, which has a major impact on cross-border marriages. This study, thus, is designed to examine how individuals in China-Vietnam marriages have gone through the situation of compressed modernity. A qualitative research paradigm was adopted to guide this study and twenty-nine Vietnamese brides were identified as key informants and interviewed carefully for data collection. The aim is not only to refute the popular discourses that see Vietnamese brides as “traditional”, “money-loving” and “ignorant” women, but also to present how they construct a modern self, reclaim and reshape their identities as “Vietnamese brides”, and create different life chances and spaces through their cross border marriage and mobility. Findings and analyses show that Vietnamese brides’ making of a modern self is a continuing disembedment and re-embedment process within which gender relations are re-negotiated, reshaped, and reproduced. In terms of their different social class and positions, they have resorted to different ideals of femininities to recreate their images and identities as “Vietnamese brides”. Useful tactics, such as making concessions, running away, or excelling, have been developed or strategically adopted by these women to claim their agency and subjectivity in intimate relationships. Importantly, the specific context of the China-Vietnam border has provided varied opportunities and resources for Vietnamese brides to go beyond the state’s regulations and constraints on citizenship and to experiment the alternatives. Through taking advantage of the situations of 乱(chaos) and the benefits of living in the space “inbetween”, Vietnamese brides have developed different transnational networks and practiced their maternal citizenship at these border zones. Modernity is the outcome of globally connected histories but with uneven consequences. Although individuals are all included in modernity, they are differently positioned within it. Thus modernity is not monolithic and it is experienced differently and has varied consequences for gendered and sexual relations in different parts of the world. This research on Vietnamese brides has engaged with current academic debates around modernity and intimacy, and the purpose is to reveal the increasing complexity and diversity of patterns of intimacy in compressed modernity. It provides a good empirical case to elucidate that even within a relatively small specific region of the borderlands, there is also a highly complex and fluid social system of compressed modernity. Vietnamese brides’ varying practices of intimacy not only question the Western-centric theorization of modernity but also indicate their different ways to participate in and engage with modernity. / published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Set against the backdrop of the Cold War and the declining British Empire, this thesis explores how the Hong Kong government handled the Vietnamese refugee crisis of the 1970s. The Vietnamese refugee influx started after the fall of Saigon in 1975 and temporarily stopped after the Geneva Conference on Indochinese refugees in 1979. Drawing extensively upon recently declassified files from the National Archives in London and the National Archives in Maryland, the thesis discusses several important themes, for example, international concerns about human rights during the Cold War era, interpretations of humanitarianism, and Hong Kong’s autonomy in the age of decolonization. It argues that Britain exerted its international influence by forcing Hong Kong to be a first asylum for refugees. Hong Kong played an important role in demonstrating Britain’s contribution to resolving the refugee crisis. The colony served as a place for Britain’s proxy humanitarianism. This thesis shows that international expectations of human rights conflicted with local politics in Hong Kong. Unlike studies that stress Hong Kong’s increasing autonomy, this thesis shows that the colonial authorities played a passive role in the refugee crisis, and the British government still had the final say on Hong Kong’s refugee policy. This thesis comprises three chapters. The first chapter investigates the case of two freighters that rescued Vietnamese refugees in 1975 and 1976. The Danish-registered Clara Maersk arrived in Hong Kong on 30 April 1975, marking the beginning of the refugee crisis. As the British and Hong Kong governments were uncertain about the scale of the influx and had different expectations about Britain’s contribution to ending the refugee problem, the Clara Maersk incident triggered heated debates. The incident demonstrates how Britain’s domestic affairs led to the British government’s reluctant assistance to Hong Kong. The Burmese-registered Ava that arrived in Hong Kong on 6 July 1976 with ninety-eight refugees reveals the unclear responsibility for shipwrecked refugees rescued by foreign vessels. The Ava incident shows how Hong Kong’s refugee influx was treated as an American problem. The U.S. government saw Hong Kong’s regional role of strengthening Southeast Asian countries’ involvement in America’s refugee program. The second chapter investigates the second wave of Vietnamese refugees. The deteriorating Sino-Vietnamese relations in 1978 led to an exodus of ethnic Chinese from Vietnam. The Vietnamese government officially permitted the ethnic Chinese to leave in return for payment. This chapter examines the pre-arranged vessels that transported refugees to other countries under collaboration with the Vietnamese authorities. The final chapter focuses on how the British government relieved Hong Kong’s refugee burden as cheaply as possible. On the one hand, the British government wanted to show its contribution to resolving the refugee crisis by maintaining Hong Kong’s humanitarian policy. On the other hand, it did not want to take the Vietnamese refugees because of Britain’s own immigration problems. By initiating an international conference on Indochinese refugees, the British government internationalized the refugee problem and minimized its responsibility for the crisis. / published_or_final_version / History / Master / Master of Philosophy