This thesis, “Re-visioning a Discipline: Martin Wickramasinghe’s Contribution to Comparative Literature,” explores the comparative approach of Martin Wickramasinghe, the pioneering twentieth-century Sri Lankan novelist, literary-cultural critic, and journalist. Wickramasinghe drew on Sinhala folk and classical, Pali, Sanskrit, and Western literary traditions, especially those of England, and Russia. His comparative approach had two main principles: First, literary concepts do not belong to any literary culture on the basis of their origin. Second, any concept that exists in a given literary culture can be “remoulded” and incorporated by another culture. The rejection of the notion of origin-based ownership of literary concepts and the reformulation of literary concepts as phenomena that may be circulated among literary cultures create a hierarchy-less base for comparison. In creating his comparative approach, Wickramasinghe problematized the binaries of local and metropolitan, village and city, and national and international. I examine his comparative approach by analyzing, first, his re-interpretations of the concepts of reader and grāmyatā (vulgarity). For example, Wickramasinghe challenged the elitism of Sanskrit literary theoretical conceptions of the reader and vulgarity. Second, I discuss how he “remoulded” different literary concepts in his theoretical writings and fiction. For example, he created a concept of realism that drew on classical Sinhala narratives as well as Western literature and theory. In this thesis, I place Wickramasinghe’s comparative approach in conversation with postcolonial scholarship such as that of Dipesh Chakrabarty, Simon Gikandi, Revathi Krishnaswamy, Gayathri Spivak, and S. Subramaniam. Wickramasinghe’s comparative approach provides us new insights on how to compare different literary cultures without ascribing hierarchical values to these cultures. He rejected the binaries of colonial and postcolonial Sri Lanka and, instead, situated himself in a liminal position. His writings illumine how Pali, Sanskrit, and European metropolitan literary traditions all impacted Sinhala literary culture in different historical periods. Wickramasinghe focused on how Sinhala literary culture appropriates literary concepts from other literary traditions rather than on the traditions themselves.

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This thesis is about the now vanished mining village Dennewitz. The focus of the paper is to examine the memories that previous residents have from the village. This has been done with the help of three semi-structured interviews. Previous descriptions from Dennewitz have also been used to broader the empirical evidence. The result has then been analyzed using the thesis theoretical frame of reference place identity. Several interesting aspects of the resident’s memories have been discovered. The inhabitants have a positive image of their years in Dennewitz. The place is described as an idyll for several of the inhabitants. Similar narratives about the place have been found with the residents. A common theme from the place that has been highlighted is a sense of community among the residents. The village was strongly influenced by the power relationship with the mine and the mining company. Both in negative and positive aspects. The inhabitants feel a sorrow about the fact that Dennewitz no longer exists. It has also been found that there is a strong connection between Malmberget and Dennewitz among interviewees. They see similarities with Dennewitz and the current situation in Malmberget.

Thesis (M. A.(Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2019. / The aim of the present study was to investigate knowledge and attitudes of rural community members towards mental illness. A total of 249 participants were selected through simple random sampling from Dikgopeng community, Ga-Dikgale, through the Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) table. A simple random sampling method was employed in selecting the participants. A quantitative cross-sectional research study was administered using the Mental Attitude Knowledge Scale (MAKS) and Attitude Scale of Mental Illness (ASMI). The MAKS and ASMI are structured 5-point Linkert scale questionnaires translated from English into Sepedi. Demographic data were collected and administered using the demographic questionnaire. The Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software package for Windows (Version 24) was used to analyse data collected and to draw conclusions from this. Two hypotheses were drawn from the study to help understand the aim of the study. Hypothesis one entailed that there is a significant difference in the level of knowledge towards mental illness by members of GaDikgale community, according to gender and age. According to the present study, there was a mean effect of gender with male participants being more knowledgeable about mental illness as compared to female participants. It was revealed that there was no effect of age on the knowledge scale. Hypothesis two detailed that there is a significant difference in attitudes on mental illness by members of GaDikgale community according to gender and age. From the study, there was a positive attitude towards people with mental illness by the older participants than there was with the younger participants. There was no effect of gender on attitudes towards mental illness. It is shown from the present study that within rural communities, with the majority (57%) of the participants being lay people, mental illness is regarded as a burden for the family, contributing to isolation and poor access to adequate western treatment. Reintegration after treatment and positive recovery is difficult because of lack of knowledge and negative attitudes towards individuals diagnosed with mental illnesses. The burdensome existence of stigmatisation is the consequence of ignorance or misinformation, prejudiced attitudes and or exclusion from normal forms of social participation (Thornicroft, Rose, Kassam & Sartorius, 2007).

The project is to develop practical strategies for an urban village in Beijing which integrates programs of infrastructure, public space and community life. First, it contains research which clarifies what is urban village and its formation process under Beijing’s extension background; the inhabitants, the value, and the situation of urban village. Second, it includes clear analyses of the location, land-use, spatial condition, and typology of streets and nodes; the main problems and corresponding interventions, and develops the strategy as integrated & centralized program system. Finally, the project develops the masterplan, the system model and the layers in which the programs really integrate and work together.

Concerning the role of urban village in the rental market, early renewal damages the immigration of the lower income groups, thus affect the supply of the primary labor force. Therefore, a right time of urban village renewal play an important role in labor flow which is a critical attribute to economy growth. Previous studies mostly focus on the urban planning and social problems in these areas. But this thesis will regard the urban villages as an indispensible part of the housing market especially in the transitional stage of Chinese economy which indicates a suitable renewal policy of urban village. In order to research on the role of the urban village, the sample analysis of urban village in Shenzhen is made. The thesis will evaluate the urban village’s role in different sectors, i.e. local government, house owner, tenant and the real estate developer, aiming to find a suitable justification to the urban village existence in current transitional society in China. The role of urban village is common problem in China and other emerging economies since the urban village is an inevitable phenomenon in the rapid urbanization. In the circumstance of low social welfare society, the urban village solves an exceptional part of housing problem.

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The topic of the diploma work is the village Milesov, the Czech Central Range. In a common level inquires into issues of czech villages in the area of Sudets, which were displaced after the Second World War. The work proposes particular ways focused on activation of the village supporting self-sufficiency and self-confidence.

Farming played a role in the subsistence base for the Fremont culture, but there is no consensus as to how significant that role was. Maize is consistently found in Fremont sites, but evidence of wild plant use is also abundant. The use of both domesticates and foraged plants by the Fremont, combined with the diversity of the landscape and sites that were inhabited by the Fremont, contributes to the diversity of theories on Fremont subsistence. This thesis examines evidence for plant usage at Wolf Village, a Fremont site in Utah Valley. Wolf Village is ideally situated for a Fremont farming village. Maize, beans, and wild plant remains were all recovered in the excavation process. In order to better understand the basis of Fremont subsistence there, further research is needed, however, into the economic importance of both the domesticates and the foraged plants, how the foraged foods may have contributed to the subsistence base, and whether the foraged plants were complimentary to a farming lifestyle. The information on plant use at Wolf Village should contribute to a better understanding of Fremont subsistence.

The Pueblo I period (A.D. 750-900) was a time of widespread change in population and settlement organization in the Northern San Juan region of the American Southwest. One major distinguishing feature of the Pueblo I period is the rapid appearance of villages in the late A.D. 700s. Monument Village in southeastern Utah was excavated by Brigham Young University in the late 1960s and early 1970s, but has never been adequately described. Monument Village has a substantial early Pueblo I occupation but the dating of various structures and the size of the overall settlement are unclear. This thesis re-examines architectural and ceramic data from Monument Village and compares Monument Village to better documented early Pueblo I Villages in the Northern San Juan region. Monument Village does appear to have been a small village comparable to other villages that formed in the early Pueblo I period.