Depuis 2004, l'Université de Paris Sud a établi une collaboration avec le département de Génie Électrique de la Faculté d'ingénierie de l'Université du Laos (UNL). La thématique de recherche concerne le pilotage de l'électronique de puissance pour la gestion de sources d'énergie renouvelable pour le Laos. Ainsi en 2009, le Gouvernement français a financé une bourse de thèse pour le développement d'un outil de pré-dimensionnement de la production électrique renouvelable pour les villages isolés au Laos. En effet, le réseau de transport et de distribution du Laos est déjà en tension compte tenu de l'explosion de la consommation dans les zones urbaines. Son extension aux zones rurales notamment dans les zones montagneuses représente un coût d'investissement beaucoup trop élevé. Par contre le pays bénéficie de ressources naturelles (hydrauliques, solaire et agricoles) dont l'exploitation judicieuse peut permettre le développement de la filière des énergies renouvelables. La production d'énergie électrique décentralisée (fermes solaires par exemple) nécessite une évaluation des ressources locales et un dimensionnement optimal de l'ensemble des constituants (sources, dispositifs de stockage, convertisseurs, etc.) et de l'architecture du mini ou micro réseau autonome.Cette thèse est organisée en 3 chapitres :Le chapitre 1 présente dans un premier temps le travail qui permit d'identifier les besoins et les ressources effectivement disponibles au Laos. Pour cela, un séjour de plusieurs semaines dans des zones rurales reculées du Nord-Ouest du Laos a été effectué. Cela a permis d'obtenir un profil de consommation standard, d'identifier les ressources et de relever les données des réseaux rudimentaires existants (puissance et configuration). Une importante recherche bibliographique sur les outils logiciels existants a ensuite été réalisée. Cela a permis de dimensionner et de simuler ces systèmes autonomes. Le chapitre 2 présente les limitations de ces outils de conception (absence de flexibilité dans les modèles utilisés et algorithmes d'optimisation trop contraints) et le développement dans l'environnement de Matlab-Simulink d'une bibliothèque de modèles des constituants du système d'énergie autonome. Les modèles sont réalisés pour faciliter un dimensionnement optimal du système selon des critères de coût, de disponibilité et de fiabilité. Un important travail d'étude bibliographique sur les architectures de réseaux a été réalisé et combiné à une synthèse des ressources et des besoins des milieux ruraux au Laos. Le chapitre 3 présente deux exemples de dimensionnement de systèmes de production d'électricité pour des sites isolés au Laos à partir d'énergie renouvelables. Le cahier des charges correspond à un village isolé de 50 maisons pour 130 habitants. Le critère économique est fondamental dans cette étude où l'optimisation cherche à réduire les coûts des constituants tout en satisfaisant les besoins en puissances des villageois. Différentes optimisations continue et hybrides (continu et entier) sont conduites en tenant compte de contraintes sur les sources. Des indicateurs de performance sont ainsi utilisés: "Loss of Power Supply Probability, Forced Outage Rates, Annualized Cost of System, Levelized Cost of Energy, etc.". / Since 2004, a collaboration between Université Paris Sud of France and the Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, National University of Laos (NUOL) has been carried out on the control of power electronics for the management of renewable energies source in Laos. Therefore in 2009, the French Government has funded a PhD thesis on the development of a designing tool for the early-sizing of renewable electricity production for isolated villages in Laos. This thesis report is organized in three chapters:Chapter I presents a short review of the status and development plans for the electrification of Laos. Then, based on a two-month field study in Northern Laos, analyses of energy consumptions of households in isolated villages and available renewable sources, using small scale hydro power plants and solar systems among others, are presented. Afterward, micro-grid configurations and technologies adapted to Laos are discussed. Obtained results are used in the next chapters as specifications for the designing tool.Chapter II focuses on software tools for system design and system modeling. First, a short review of the existing early-sizing tools for renewable energy sources for isolated villages is presented. But an analysis of evaluated software's such as LEAP, HOMER, HOGA, etc. shows that they are not opened enough to facilitate the development of a flexible and scalable designing too. Thus, Matlab/Simulink software is chosen as an open and highly adaptable architecture research tool. Then, specific models for renewable sources, storage devices, grid configuration are developed in order to facilitate the optimization procedures of an off-grid system design. After that, a short review of the existing optimization algorithms, available in Matlab, is carried out. Then, a paralleled mono-objective Genetic Algorithm is configured and applied in the next chapter.Chapter III presents several designs of isolated villages in Laos, using renewable energies. The specifications focus on isolated villages of about 50 houses for 120 inhabitants. The economic aspect is a key point in order to minimize costs of designed system while satisfying daily load demands of the village. For this task, locally available natural resources such as rivers and solar radiation are considered as energy sources. Various optimizations using continuous and discrete optimization algorithms are conducted taken into account the sources constraints and a short review of the existing hybrid system performance indicators is carried out, such as: Loss of Power Supply Probability, Forced outage rates, Annualized Cost of System, Levelized Cost of Energy, etc. Finally, the results obtained in this thesis show that renewable sources can be used at a reasonable price for off-grid electrification of isolated villages in Laos. Moreover, the developed designing tool can easily be adapted to new models of renewable sources and storage devices, which is the main interest of a designing tool for the early-sizing of off-grid renewable electricity production for isolated villages in Laos.

La monographie du village de Kefertʿ Aqab permet d’élargir le champ des recherches à la partie occidentale du Massif Calcaire de la Syrie du Nord qui a suscité, jusqu’à récemment, un intérêt assez limité. Le Ǧebel Waṣṭāni, bordé de plaines sur les côtés sud, est et nord, représente la partie méridionale d’une étroite bande rocheuse qui longe la vallée de l’Oronte à l’ouest. Les ruines du site s’étendent, pour l’essentiel, sur un vaste promontoire rocheux situé à l’extrémité nord du chaînon.Elles ont révélé l’existence d’une localité importante, riche de plus de 80 habitations, de plusieurs aménagements communaux, d’un ensemble monastique et de deux complexes ecclésiaux. L’étude,fondée sur l’analyse détaillée des vestiges de surface, a livré de nombreux renseignements sur l’évolution économique, démographique et sociale de la communauté paysanne, principalement à partir du IIe siècle jusqu’à la fin du VIe siècle. L’arrêt des constructions à la fin de l’époque protobyzantine n’est pas synonyme de l’abandon du village. En effet, au regard des profonds remaniements observés dans chaque bâtiment de la localité, celle-ci reste largement peuplée durant une longue période. L’étude de l’édifice fortifié d’époque médiévale, construit à l’emplacement de l’ensemble ecclésial du sud, montre que le site conserve son caractère stratégique lors des conflits qui agitent la région à cette période. Par ailleurs, suite à la reconquête arabe de la région aux dépens des Francs, l’installation d’une communauté musulmane, attestée à l’intérieur du monument fortifié désormais déserté comme dans certaines maisons antiques, témoigne de la continuité de l’occupation du site à la période ayyūbide, voire mamelūke. / The monograph of the village of Kefert ‘Aqab allows us to extend our field of research to the westernpart of the limestone mountain range of northern Syria, which until recently had aroused limitedinterest. The Ǧebel Waṣṭāni, bordered by plains on the southern, eastern, and northern sides,represents the southern part of a narrow strip of rock, which borders the Oronte Valley in the West.The ruins of the site extend over a vast, rocky headland situated at the extreme north of the range ofmountains. They have revealed the existence of an important locality of more than 80 residences,several communal buildings, a monastery, and two ecclesiastical complexes, one of which was laterfortified. The study, based on the detailed analysis of the surface of the vestiges, has delivered muchinformation on the economic, demographic, and social evolution of the farming community, mainlybetween the 2nd Century and the late 6th Century. The end of construction at the end of theProtobyzantine period did not mean the village was abandoned. Indeed, seen the importantmodifications to every building of the village, the village was well inhabited for an extended period oftime. Studying the medieval period fortified edifice, which was built on the site of the southernecclesiastic complex, shows that the site maintained its strategic nature during the conflicts that shookthe region during this period. Besides, following the conquest of the region by the Arabs over theFranks, the installation of a Muslim community, attested to in the interior of the fortified monument,which was thereafter deserted like in certain ancient homes, is evidence of the continuous occupationof the site until the Ayyūbide or even Mamelūke period.

Hok-bun Ku. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [194-201]). / List of Tables --- p.i / List of Illustrations --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --Bringing the Peasants Back In --- p.1 / Chapter I. --- Sister Ling's Story --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Where are the Peasants --- p.3 / Chapter III. --- "Back to the Village, Search for the Peasants" --- p.8 / Chapter IV. --- Summary of the Thesis --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Understanding the Local Politics of Rural China --- p.16 / Chapter I. --- State-Society in Communist China --- p.17 / Chapter II. --- State and Its Agents --- p.19 / Chapter III. --- Socialist Clientelism in Rural China --- p.23 / Chapter IV. --- Everyday Forms of Resistance in Village --- p.28 / Chapter V. --- The Changing Village Politics under Deng --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Legacy of the Past --Ku Village under Mao --- p.40 / Chapter I. --- Setting of Ku Village --- p.42 / Chapter II. --- Reconstructing the Old Political Economy --- p.45 / Chapter III. --- Socialist Clientelism in Ku Village --- p.54 / Chapter IV. --- Conclusion --- p.70 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- The Ku Village in Transformation (I) --The Retreat of the State --- p.77 / Chapter I. --- Reconstructing the Rural Administrative Organization --- p.78 / Chapter II. --- Local Response to the Political Reform --- p.82 / Chapter III. --- Paralysis of Village Organs --- p.88 / Chapter IV. --- Conclusion --- p.98 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- The Ku Village in Transformation (II) --The Source of Peasant Power --- p.103 / Chapter I. --- The Responsibility System and Land Redistribution in Ku Village --- p.105 / Chapter II. --- Political Economy of Shatian Shaddock Plantation --- p.112 / Chapter III. --- Conclusion --- p.125 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- Everyday Forms of Struggle in the Ku Village --- p.130 / Chapter I. --- Everyday Forms of Resistance I --Defensive Action --- p.132 / Chapter II. --- Everyday Forms of Resistance I -- Offensive Action --- p.147 / Chapter III. --- Everyday Struggle of the Village Cadres --- p.156 / Chapter IV. --- Conclusion --- p.161 / Chapter Chapter Seven: --- Conclusion -- From Socialist Clientelism to Household Individualism --- p.164 / Chapter I. --- The Erosion of Patron-Client Bonds --- p.165 / Chapter II. --- Household Individualism -an Atomistic Community --- p.170 / Chapter III. --- Everyday Forms of Resistance as the Way of Peasant Life --- p.172 / Chapter IV. --- Rethinking Village Politics in Dengist China --- p.174 / Appendix A. List of Interviewees --- p.179 / Appendix B. Glossary --- p.180 / Appendix C. Note on Measures --- p.183 / Appendix D. Photos --- p.184 / Appendix E. Maps --- p.193 / Bibliography

Cette thèse vise la formalisation d’une géographie psycho-sociale, et aborde le rôle de la psyché et de l’espace dans l’individuation et le rapport à l’autre, à travers l’habiter à Cadaqués, commune semi-rurale touristique de la Costa Brava espagnole. Participant de la diversité immigrée locale, des non-nationaux (extra-)européens habitent aussi ce village. Une lecture trans-scalaire des évolutions spatiales et une approche biographique des expériences humaines permettent alors d’apprécier les transformations contemporaines du village dans la mondialisation, et les formes du co-habiter qui en résultent. L’analyse s’appuie sur une enquête qualitative mobilisant un terrain ethnographique avec différents résidents interviewés, des données statistiques, de la presse locale, et l’outil cartographique. Les ferments géo-historiques d’une notoriété et d’une globalité villageoises et les enjeux actuels d’une coprésence héritée, sont mis en exergue par les migrations inter/nationales. Cette étude de cas étendue interroge donc de manière distanciée, située et ordinarisée, une participation des migrants à la localité plus souvent saisie en milieu urbain sous les angles de l’ethnicisme et de l’intégrationnisme méthodologiques. Face à une augmentation du racisme, un court-termisme politique, et une démocraticité discutable des droits à habiter et à se mouvoir en Europe et en Occident, cette thèse suggère la nécessité d’une pensée prospective et utopique renouvelée, sur une socialité respectueuse et promotrice d’altérité, et sur une citoyenneté associant ancrage et mobilité. / This thesis seeks to formalize a psycho-social geography, and reviews the role of the psyche and of space in individuation and the relationship with the other by studying everyday life in Cadaqués, a semi-rural tourist village on Spain’s Costa Brava. This one has a diverse local population, given the presence of (non-)European immigrants. A transcalar interpretation of spatial changes and a biographical approach on human experience permits an assessment of contemporary transformations in this village as part of the global world and of different forms of co-habitation that emanate from this situation. This analysis is based on a qualitative survey of an ethnographic terrain, interviews with different categories of residents, statistical data, press articles, and mapping. Geohistorical catalysts of notoriety and adherence to globalization processes of the village of Cadaqués, as well as issues arising from a co-habitation between native population and visitors, are both highlighted by inter/national migrations. This extended case study takes a distanced, situated and ordinarized approach to questioning the participation of migrants in their village, a participation that is more often analysed in an urban environment from the perspective of methodological ethnicism and inclusiveness. With the rise in racism, political short-term vision and disputes over conformity to democratic principles, specifically the right to live and move around Europe and the West, this thesis demonstrates the importance of initiating a renewed prospective and utopic approach to a respectful sociality that is capable of promoting otherness and a citizenship that permits both rooting and mobility.

<p>The main purpose of this study is to view the aims of the local authority of Botkyrka for their prehistoric village, and to compare those with the actual activities in the village.</p><p>Because of no official formulated aims, the study were laboured through interviews, observations, analysis of evaluations and a parallell literature study.</p><p>For the visiting pupils today, the village has an introduction, but not a follow-up. Pedagogically the follow-up is the most important part, seeing that it’s there the knowledge is created in relation to the experience.</p><p>Through experience-pedagogy, based on learning by doing, try to attain an experience intended to generate knowledge. But in this case, the focus lands on doing, and the reflection fails to occur. This is a learning based on the situation, rather than on the reflection, situated learning.</p> / <p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att synliggöra Botkyrka kommuns syften och mål med den i kommunen belägna, järnåldersbyn. Samt att väga dessa gentemot den faktiska verksamheten.</p><p>På grund av saknandet av officiellt formulerade syften och mål, baseras studien på intervjuer, observationer och analyser av utvärderingar, samt en parallellt pågående litteratur studie.</p><p>För de besökande har byn idag en introduktionsdag, men ingen uppföljning. Pedagogiskt är uppföljningen den viktigaste delen i en upplevelse pedagogisk verksamhet. Efter som det är där kunskap skapas i relation till upplevelsen.</p><p>Avsikten i denna järnåldersby är att genom metoden learning by doing, skall barnen nå en upplevelse och inlevelse som skall generera kunskap. Men i detta fall, så har fokusen landat på görandet, och reflektionen uteblir. Detta sorts lärande, baserat på situationen snarare än på reflektionen, kallas Situerat lärande.</p>

Porter¡¦s (1990) Four Stages of National Competitive Development are: factor-driven, investment-driven, innovation-driven and wealth-driven. At last stage, the drivers of social development come from the desire to upgrade living quality and pursue the goal of entertainment, leisure, enjoyment, and beauty. In the background, every country begins to emphasize on knowledge economics and creative economics. As well as Taiwan, government brings up two tern plan of culture and creative industries. The first tern stresses on promoting artistic appreciation to enrich the facilities of industrial park. Next, the second tern accents on combinations from different business sectors/fields and culture clusters. Five greatest of culture and creative parks always at the stage of drawing land ownership and building hardware infrastructures in five years. Hwa Shun Cultural and Creative Industrial Park is set on the golden area in Taipei and finally bidden the fifteen-year ownership of ROT (Refurbish-Operate-Transfer) by Taiwan Culture and Creative Company and introduced to the business model. Be the first mover of culture an d creative parks in Taiwan, the experiences of Hwa Shun is definitely important no matter It would success or lose. In this essay, the writer trys to modify Porter¡¦s diamond model(1996,1999) according to the characteristic of culture and creative industries, and pick the Beijing 798 Artistic Village, and Korea Paju Bookcity plus Heiry Artistic Village as the success case to discuss the essential elements of culture and creative clusters. Finally benchmarks the key points to Hwa Shun, and discusses the role of government and the problem of promoting culture and creative industrials in Taiwan. Above all, this essay indicates the interaction between the core of creation and environment, plus the good corporate situation between creative workers and A-style talent are the most important cluster factors. To go a step further, it needs lot of fund and infrastructures to become a industry, in the meantime, how to set up a good evaluated system to inject fund into culture and creative industries through accumulated knowledge is a key point. Otherwise, mass media is other culture and creative industries¡¦ channel, it always has a long and complicated supply chain, and an integrated supply chain can reduce cost effectively and encourage knowledge circulation through cluster effect, therefore be the one that government can nurture strenuously. In demand part, this essay based on three factors of artistic appreciation including culture participation, culture opportunity, and culture consumption to analysis consumers, according to this view, mass population are easier possess capacity to be engaged in culture campaign and really result in consumption. A proper feedback system and platform would benefit cash and resources inflow and support more creative works in experiment step keep creating, and furthermore provide excellent products by means of A-style peoples¡¦ cooperation, finally gain the mass population¡¦s identification and increase culture participation and culture consumption.

published_or_final_version / Language Studies / Master / Master of Arts

The main purpose of this study is to view the aims of the local authority of Botkyrka for their prehistoric village, and to compare those with the actual activities in the village. Because of no official formulated aims, the study were laboured through interviews, observations, analysis of evaluations and a parallell literature study. For the visiting pupils today, the village has an introduction, but not a follow-up. Pedagogically the follow-up is the most important part, seeing that it’s there the knowledge is created in relation to the experience. Through experience-pedagogy, based on learning by doing, try to attain an experience intended to generate knowledge. But in this case, the focus lands on doing, and the reflection fails to occur. This is a learning based on the situation, rather than on the reflection, situated learning. / Syftet med uppsatsen är att synliggöra Botkyrka kommuns syften och mål med den i kommunen belägna, järnåldersbyn. Samt att väga dessa gentemot den faktiska verksamheten. På grund av saknandet av officiellt formulerade syften och mål, baseras studien på intervjuer, observationer och analyser av utvärderingar, samt en parallellt pågående litteratur studie. För de besökande har byn idag en introduktionsdag, men ingen uppföljning. Pedagogiskt är uppföljningen den viktigaste delen i en upplevelse pedagogisk verksamhet. Efter som det är där kunskap skapas i relation till upplevelsen. Avsikten i denna järnåldersby är att genom metoden learning by doing, skall barnen nå en upplevelse och inlevelse som skall generera kunskap. Men i detta fall, så har fokusen landat på görandet, och reflektionen uteblir. Detta sorts lärande, baserat på situationen snarare än på reflektionen, kallas Situerat lärande.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise présente une situation dans laquelle un citoyen ordinaire tente de diffuser sur Internet une opinion critique qu'il dirige contre une grande entreprise commerciale et tente d'analyser les éléments favorables à la diffusion de cette opinion critique ainsi que les embûches qui sont à prévoir. Cet exemple permet d'illustrer les forces et les faiblesses d'Internet en matière de liberté d'expression. Il permet de poser une mise en garde concernant les dangers de transposer les limites actuelles à la liberté d'expression des citoyens au contexte d'Internet. La première partie de l'analyse souligne les caractéristiques d'Internet et les différentes façons d'aborder la question de la liberté d'expression sur Internet selon les approches libertaire, libérale ou interventionniste, pour finalement faire le point sur l'apport d'Internet en matière d'information et de communication. La deuxième partie de l'analyse aborde la question de l'efficience en identifiant les éléments qui encouragent l'exercice de la liberté d'expression et ceux qui découragent les utilisateurs de s'exprimer sur Internet. L'exemple des critiques dirigées contre les oligopoles permet d'illustrer la nécessité d'établir des règles propres à Internet en matière de liberté d'expression. Cet exemple fait ressortir le caractère inadéquat des limites actuelles à la liberté d'expression établies par le droit de la presse, le droit de la radiodiffusion, le droit de propriété et le droit de la propriété intellectuelle. L'auteur vient à la conclusion qu'en matière de liberté d'expression, il serait souhaitable: 1) Que Internet soit considéré comme un espace public de discussion; 2) Que la préséance des intérêts économiques sur les intérêts démocratiques au niveau du développement de la société de l'information soit avouée; 3) Que les inégalités en termes d'opportunités d'expression soient reconnues; 4) Que les limites imposées en vertu des règles du droit de la propriété soient reconsidérées à la lumière des caractéristiques d'Internet. / This master thesis presents a case in which an ordinary citizen tries to spread on the Internet a criticizing opinion aimed at a large company, and attempts to analyse what are the elements in favour of this criticism broadcasting, as weil as the obstacles to be expected. This example allows us to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the Internet in matter of freedom of speech. It also allows to put forward a warning concerning the risks of transposing current Iimits of freedom of speech in an Internet context. The first part of the analysis underlines the Internet's characteristics and the different ways to broach the subject of freedom of speech over the Internet, following severaI approaches, to finally focus on the Internet's contribution in matter of information and communication. The second part of the analysis deals with the question of efficiency, while identifying the elements that encourage the exercise of freedom of speech and those that discourage Internet users from expressing themselves. The example of criticism aimed toward large companies allows to illustrate the need to establish the Internet's own rules in matter of freedom of speech. What emerges from this example is the inadequate character of current limits to freedom of speech as set up by freedom of the press, broadcasting law, property and intellectual property law. The author concludes that in matter of freedom of speech, it wouId be recommended: 1) that the Internet be considered as a public forum; 2) that the predominance of economic interests over democratic interests in the development of the information society be admitted; 3) that the inequalities in terms of expression opportunities be recognized; 4) that the limits imposed in accordance with property law be reconsidered in an Internet context. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit option droit des technologies de l'information"

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Sussex, 1970. / Title from screen page; viewed 17 Oct. 2005. "Department of Ethnography and Social Anthropology, University of Aarhus, Summer 2002" Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print format.