Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Also available in print.

Ce travail de recherche se concentre sur les questions du développement respectueux de la ville de Hué et de ses environs, en accordant une importance spécifique à la conservation et la mise en valeur des qualités faisant la particularité de cette ville et des villages avoisinants. La recherche est construite dans le contexte où le processus d'urbanisation et la prolifération des nouvelles zones urbaines et des nouveaux quartiers résidentiels ont entraîné de nombreuses menaces et dangers pour cette ville et ont engendré la perte des valeurs caractéristiques de ce territoire. Les hypothèses de la recherche abordent les relations entre la conservation, la mise en valeur et la gestion durable du patrimoine, du système de l'eau et des valeurs caractéristiques des villages d'ores et déjà inscrits dans le développement environnemental, économique, socioculturel de ce territoire. Les corpus principaux utilisés dans cette thèse, sont des données de cartographique GIS Hué 2010 et des cartes anciennes traitées par la l'analyse cartographique et l'analyse comparative des documents, des ouvrages historiques concernant la ville de Hué et des villages d'étude, ainsi que des entretiens, des questionnaires d'enquête, des relevés photographiques récoltés lors de nos séjours d'étude de terrain à Hué. Grâce à la méthodologie d'analyse, surtout l'analyse cartographique et la méthodologie d'enquête de terrain, nous pouvons définir des caractères spécifiques de ce territoire et démontrer des menaces et des dangers principaux pour cette ville et ses environs face aux processus d'urbanisation. Dans la recherche, nous avons également l'ambition de proposer ce qu'il faudrait mettre en œuvre pour un développement respectueux de l'environnement écologique, de la qualité de vie et du bien-être des habitants, des potentiels de l'économie locale, et de même que des valeurs caractéristiques de la ville de Hué et des villages avoisinants. / This research focuses on the issues of the respectful development of Hue City and its surroundings, with a specific emphasis on the conservation and the regeneration of qualities, which constitute the peculiarity of this city and surrounding villages. The research is built in the context where the urbanization and the proliferation of new urban areas and new residential neighborhoods led to numerous threats and hazards to the city and resulted in the loss of characteristic values of this area. The hypotheses of the research concern the relationship between conservation, regeneration and sustainable management of heritage, water system and characteristics values of the traditional villages with the environmental development, the economic development, the social and cultural development of this territory. The main corpus used in this thesis is the data mapping GIS 2010 Hue and the ancient maps , these documents, historical works for Hue city and study villages, and interviews, survey questionnaires, photographic records collected during our field survey in Hue. Thanks to the analytical methodology, especially the cartographic analysis and the onsite survey methodology, we can define the specific characteristics of this area and demonstrate the main threats and hazards to the city and the surroundings caused by the urbanization. In this research, we also aim at offering what to do in order to reach a friendly development of the ecological environment, the quality of life and the comfort of local citizens, the potential of the local economy as well as the characteristic values of Hue City and surrounding villages.

Cette recherche doctorale porte sur les mutations diverses qui s’opèrent aujourd’hui à Bat Trang, un village de métier au Vietnam. Comme d’autres économies en transition, le Vietnam est entré dans une phase de transition, marquée par son ouverture à l’économie internationale et son inscription au marché mondial. Dans ce contexte, nous cherchons à comprendre les mutations induites lors du passage d’une économie planifiée à une économie de marché et à montrer la spécificité de l’agglomération industrielle du district de Bat Trang. Pour ce faire, il convient d’étudier la dynamique sociale des acteurs politiques, économiques, institutionnels et sociaux qui forment la configuration de Bat Trang. La reconstitution de l’évolution des relations articulées entre ces acteurs permettra d’éclairer les mutations de Bat Trang. En suivant une approche socio-anthropologique et en nous référant à la théorie des districts industriels, nous avons procédé à une analyse approfondie de la mutation de Bat Trang sur la dimension tant politique qu’organisationnelle. Le village de métier de Bat Trang constitue un véritable modèle de transition portant des ruptures et des continuités par rapport à son système antérieur. A l’aide de la théorie sociologique de Norbet Elias, nous avons reconstitué le jeu entre les différents acteurs (sociaux, économiques et institutionnels) qui structurent le développement de Bat Trang, en montrant la dynamique de leur interaction constante. À travers l’étude de Bat Trang, nous avons aussi mesuré l’originalité d’une forme d’agglomération industrielle au Vietnam. Pour nous, Bat Trang, c’est tout d’abord une zone traditionnelle qui a su s’appuyer sur son savoir-faire et son organisation traditionnelle ; qui a su surmonter ses handicaps pour promouvoir l’adaptation de toutes ses activités. Bien qu’il existe très peu d’aides des autorités locales, les entreprises de la zone sont en train d’opérer une conversion de leur technologie par un remplacement (des fours à charbon par des fours à gaz) ou une adaptation (invention de nouveaux fours à gaz). Les nouveaux acteurs introduits dans le système (club, association) ont pour tâche principale de fournir une assistance aux entreprises qui peuvent ainsi créer de nouvelles filières d’activités et trouver de nouveaux débouchés de commercialisation. Bat Trang constitue également une zone en cours d’institutionnalisation qui se manifeste par la création de la zone industrielle et d’un centre de formation professionnelle. La transformation profonde de Bat Trang amène les artisans à se tourner vers une production plus industrialisée. Au cours des dernières années, la zone de Bat Trang a reçu, à l’évidence, un appui important des autorités locales, qui ont lancé des actions de politique locale. Nous avons également pris en compte des nouveaux phénomènes qui exercent une certaine influence, négative ou positive, sur le développement de la zone de Bat Trang : délocalisation des activités, faible capacité d’innovation du district, les liens avec la R&D, marketing etc. Pour résoudre les problèmes auxquels la zone est confrontée aujourd’hui, il faudrait une mobilisation des ressources internes et externes pour développer une synergie locale. / This doctoral research focuses on the various changes taking place today in Bat Trang, a craft village in Vietnam. Like other transition economies, Vietnam is entering the transition period, marking its openness to international economy and its entry in the global market. In this context, we seek to understand the changes induced during the transition from a planned economy to a market one and to show the specificity of industrial district Bat Trang. To do this, it is necessary to study the social dynamics of political, economic, institutional and social settings that shape the Bat Trang. The reconstruction of the evolving relationship between these articulated actors will illuminate the changes in Bat Trang. Following a socio-anthropological approach and referring to the theory of industrial districts, we were able to carry out a thorough analysis on the mutation of Bat Trang on both political and organizational dimension. The craft village Bat Trang really constitutes a model of transition having the discontinuities and continuities from its old system. With the help of sociological theory of Norbet Elias, we were able to reconstruct the interplay between different actors (social, economic and institutional) that structure the development of Bat Trang, showing dynamics of their interaction. Through our study in Bat Trang, we could also measure the originality of a form of industrial agglomeration in Vietnam. For us, firstly, Bat Trang is a traditional area where people know how to mobilize its expertise and its traditional organization; to overcome its handicaps and to promote an adaptation of its activities. Although there is very little help from the local authority, the firms are in the process of making a technological conversion by either a replacement (from coal-fired kilns to Liquid Petroleum Gas kilns - LPG kilns) or an adaptation (invention new LPG kiln). New introduced actors (clubs, associations) whose main task is to provide technical assistance to firms can create new activities and figure out new outlets for marketing. Bat Trang is also an area being institutionalized as manifested by the presence of the industrial and vocational training center. It lives a profound transformation in which the artisans are turning to a more industrialized production. In recent years, it is clear that the Bat Trang receives substantial support from local politics. Of course, we must take into account new phenomena in Bat Trang that exert some influence (negative or positive) on this area development. This is the relocation of activities, low innovation capacity in the industrial district, the weak link to R & D, marketing, etc. To all resolve, it requires mobilization of internal and external resources for a local synergy.

Despite high rates of unemployment in South Africa, there is little consensus about its origins and solutions to the problem. Job search (how and when people search for work) is one aspect of the unemployment problem. Job search is shown to be a complex process strongly linked to the endogenous structure of the labour market. The flaws in traditional methods (theoretical and measurement) highlight this. Using data from a tailor-made survey in Duncan Village (a peri-urban area in Buffalo City, South Africa) the research examines factors that influence the effectiveness of job search. The results show that mode of search (how people look for work) is used as a signal by employers. Degrees of success are stratified amongst searchers using either ‘word of mouth’, place-to-place or formal modes of search. The thesis provides a method-test to reveal a complex body of evidence that has yet to be fully explored by practitioners in this field.

Circonscription fiscale se superposant presque exactement, en pays de taille personnelle, à la paroisse, la communauté d’habitants forme, avec la seigneurie, le pole principal d’encadrement de la vie rurale. Bénéficiant d’une grande indépendance aux premiers temps du XVIe siècle, les villages de Forez sont très faiblement institutionnalisés et la vie institutionnelle repose sur une confusion de toutes les obligations communes en un seul lieu de délibération : l’assemblée. Ils vont cependant être confrontés à l’effort de centralisation entrepris par la monarchie. Leur fonctionnement institutionnel, rudimentaire, reposant sur une assemblée générale unique, et sur des consuls élus pour remplir les obligations collectives du village, ne va pas résister aux contraintes que leur imposent l’Etat moderne et le poids toujours croissant de sa fiscalité. L’autonomie des villages de Forez va donc décliner à mesure que s’affermit la monarchie absolue. Ainsi, jusqu’aux années 1670, la vie institutionnelle des villages de Forez est essentiellement interne au village. L’empiètement croissant des autorités extérieures amène cependant à un meilleur contrôle sur l’effectivité des obligations qui pèsent sur le village. De cette double contrainte d’obligations plus lourdes et d’un contrôle accru, résulte une transformation des institutions villageoises qui vont renforcer leur structure mais perdre la spontanéité qui présidait à leur fonctionnement aux premiers temps de l’Ancien Régime. Leur organisation sera alors plus identifiable, mais le fonctionnement radicalement différent : la compacité qui caractérisait le village s’est perdue dans une participation institutionnelle. / Tax district almost overlapping the parish in a land of personal taxes, the rural community is, with the lordship, the main pole framing the rural life.Enjoying considerable independence in the early days of the sixteenth century, the villages of Forez are very weakly institutionalized and the life of their institutions is based on a confusion of all bonds in one common place of deliberation. However they will be faced with the centralization effort undertaken by the monarchy. Their institutional functioning, rudimentary, based on a single meeting, and consuls elected to fulfill the collective obligations of the village, will yield to the constraints imposed on them by the modern state and its ever-increasing weight of taxation. The autonomy of villages will therefore decline as an absolute monarchy was strengthened.Thus, until the 1670s, the institutional life of the villages of Forez is essentially internal. The increasing encroachment of outside authorities, however, leads to greater control over the effectiveness of the obligations imposed on the village. This double bind, more onerous obligations and increased control, brings transformation of village institutions. Their organization will be more identifiable but operating in a radically different way : compactness that characterized the village was then lost in an institutionalized participation.

This diploma thesis Media image of collectivization in the Jihlava region from 1951 to 1959 examines the way how local "village newspapers" informed about the course of collectivization process in particular districts of the Jihlava region. Special attention is paid to the formation of agricultural cooperative farms and trials with so-called "village rich men". The theoretical part summarizes the key characteristics of collectivization in Czechoslovakia, also focuses on the specifics of the Jihlava region and is supplemented with memories of a contemporary witness. This part also outlines the form of Czechoslovak media landscape and the media functioning, including the key role of the press as a propaganda tool. Further, it deals with the formation of local village newspapers and their subsequent ten-year development. The purpose of the research part of the thesis is to determine how the newspapers informed about selected topics via quantitative and qualitative method. This combination of approaches allows not only to reveal representation of topics, their frequency and other quantitative indicators, but also provides a relatively detailed insight into the way how newspapers wrote about "village rich men" and the village socialization. The diploma thesis also includes photographs of that period...

The buildings face into the landscape & influence the urban fabric around where the sculptural interplay of the envelope & ground transforms onto its glass facades. Here time, ideas, space & knowledge is shared by creating environments where the participants can inform & be re-informed by the adaptiveness of the architecture surrounded. The dynamic of the spaces generates creative thinking & increases the social interaction & sharing throughout the transformational sequences giving various spatial experiences. / Byggnaderna står i landskapet och påverkar stadsstrukturen runtom där det skulpturala samspelet utav höljet & marken transformeras på dess glasfasader. Här kommer tid, idéer, utrymme och kunskap delas genom skapandet av miljöer där deltagarna kan informera och åter-informeras av arkitektur omgiven. Dynamiken i rummen genererar kreativt tänkande och ökar den sociala interaktionen & utbytet emellan genom de transformbara sekvenserna i de olika rumsliga upplevelserna.

The buildings face into the landscape & influence the urban fabric around where the sculptural interplay of the envelope & ground transforms onto its glass facades. Here time, ideas, space & knowledge is shared by creating environments where the participants can inform & be re-informed by the adaptiveness of the architecture surrounded. The dynamic of the spaces generates creative thinking & increases the social interaction & sharing throughout the transformational sequences giving various spatial experiences. / Byggnaderna står i landskapet och påverkar stadsstrukturen runtom där det skulpturala samspelet utav höljet & marken transformeras på dess glasfasader. Här kommer tid, idéer, utrymme och kunskap delas genom skapandet av miljöer där deltagarna kan informera och åter-informeras av arkitektur omgiven. Dynamiken i rummen genererar kreativt tänkande och ökar den sociala interaktionen & utbytet emellan genom de transformbara sekvenserna i de olika rumsliga upplevelserna.

This dissertation is focused on the transfer of citizens of German nationality after the Second World War from the borderlands of the North Moravian Velké Losiny village as well as on the impact of this transfer on the current community in Velké Losiny. The goal of this dissertation is to learn whether the transfer of the former German community from Velké Losiny and the resettlement with new residents influences the newly created community and how. A comparative study was created to support this goal and compare the originally populated Bludov village and the newly populated Velké Losiny village. Their development was analysed in seven periods (to 1918; 1918-1938; 1938-1945; 1945-1948; 1948-1960; 1960-1989; 1989 until today) and in eleven categories (population, nationality, regional origin, political orientation, administration, settlement type, living conditions and architecture, popular culture, languages of daily communication, relationship towards their home). These categories were selected on the basis of studies and research undertaken in the North Moravian, South Moravian and Bohemian borderlands describing the influence of the resettlement of the German population. Data used to describe the development of these villages has been collected from chronicles and other annals deposited in the...

The diploma thesis follows the project of the pre-diploma, in which detailed analyzes of the potential of the village were made, from which it follows that the most important place that the village needs to revive for further development is the village square itself. In the current state, a cluster of buildings is built on a clearly defined area of the village, which brings chaos and confusion to the urban structure. The building of the municipal office stopped communicating through the building of the former elementary school. The area between buildings, formerly designed for local residents to hold festivals, now serves as a handling yard. The aim of the work is to clean the area of the village, to restore its original lost character and to add the urban structure to a building that will serve both local inhabitants and tourist visitors.