Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / This study is an assessment of participatory monitoring and evaluation in NGOs: a case study of SOS Children’s Village,Cape town, South Africa. The aim of the study is to examine the process of application of PM&E framework in the SOS Children’s Village Project, with a view to ascertaining its impact on the project and to provide suggestions and recommendations to SOS and NGOs in South Africa. There were four primary objectives of this study:to provide a theoretical and conceptual framework, through the discussion and/or analysis of applicable PM&E theories and concepts; to provide an overview of organizational structure of the project implementation team of SOS; to identify the different stakeholders involved in the monitoring and evaluation process; to empirically assess the process of PM&E in the SOS Project. The theoretical and conceptual framework of participatory development approach and the child rights based approach is used in this study. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of research are used throughout the study and measurement of key variables are made. While the systematic random sampling technique is utilised to collect data for the quantitative research, purposive sampling was used to select respondents for semi-structured interviews in the qualitative research. The study identified that the monitoring and evaluation process in SOS Children’s Village, Cape Town, South Africa is participatory in which the relevant stakeholders, especially the beneficiaries i.e. children participate in the monitoring and evaluation process. However, the study recommended that there should be an updated training and seminar for the staff to empower them to enhance their understanding of participatory monitoring and evaluation

A tese estuda a ocupação territorial e o povoamento da parte meridional da Capitania de Minas Gerais no final do período colonial, por meio do estudo do caso da vila de Campanha e seu termo. Problematiza a questão da ocupação terri- torial pela transformação do sertão em território, a partir das concepções coevas de ordem e regularidade. Aborda como a arquitetura e o urbanismo foram prota- gonistas no processo de territorialização. Para tanto, faz a reconstituição conjec- tural da vila de Campanha no início do século XIX com suas ruas, largos, praças, casario, estradas, fazendas e arraiais de seu termo. Demonstra como a ordem e a geometrização do espaço foram imprescindíveis nesse processo de territoriali- zação, embora pouco percebidas, se analisadas apenas em planta. Nesse sentido, propõe a leitura da cidade do ponto de vista de seus habitantes em suas práticas sociais: em perspectiva e não em planta. Deste ponto de vista, a arquitetura as- sume papel fundamental na construção do espaço urbano regular, constituindo o plano vertical da cidade e ao mesmo tempo sendo forjada por esse processo. A arquitetura assim forjada extrapola os limites da cidade e também se torna respon- sável pela construção da paisagem territorial. A tese aborda ainda a fluidez entre espaços urbanos e rurais, demonstrando como as fachadas forjadas no contexto urbano contribuíram para a construção do território. / This thesis examines territorial occupation and settlement of the southern portion of the Captaincy of Minas Gerais at the end of the colonial period, using a case study of the town of Campanha and its surrounding area. The issue of territorial occupation is discussed based on the transformation of the wild inland region into territory, based on the concepts of order and regularity of that time. It discusses how architecture and city planning were leading players in the territorial organization process. This is done through a speculative reconstruction of the town of Campanha as it was the early 19th century, with its streets, green and paved squares, row housing, roads, farms and neighboring encampments. It shows how the order and geometric representation of the space were indispensable in this process of territorial organization, even though these factors are not very noticeable when analyzed using only the city plans. In this sense, a proposal is made to interpret the city from the point of view of its inhabitants and their social practices: from a perspective that both uses and does not use the city\'s plans. From this standpoint, architecture takes on a fundamental role in the construc- tion of regular urban space, establishing the city\'s vertical plane while at the time being forged by this process. The architecture thusly created goes beyond the city\'s limits and also becomes responsible for building the territorial landscape. This thesis also discus- ses the fluidity between urban and rural spaces, showing how façades created within an urban context contributed to construction of the territory.

abstract: 摘要 当前中国农村集体经济呈现出后劲不足、区域失衡等问题。在此背景下，如何破解集体经济发展困境、实现其从梯度到均衡的演进成为学术领域关注的热点。本文梳理总结了国内外集体经济的相关研究成果，阐述了主要涉及的基础概念、理论和方法模型；以2008~2015年无锡市滨湖区92个村为研究样本，分析了该区域集体经济的发展现状和演变进程；构建面板回归模型，探索了该区域集体经济发展的驱动因素与分布不平衡性；并从空间关联视角切入，探索了驱动因素的溢出效应；最后基于研究结果提出对策建议。主要结论如下： （1）2008~2015年，92个村的村级集体经济发展整体呈现上升趋势，但地区间的贫富差距明显；2008年、2011年和2015年92个村按村级集体经济总收入可划分为高、中、低3类，并且在不同时段，各等级间的村级集体单位会相互迁移；集体经济收入呈现明显的右偏分布，尖峰厚尾的特征显著。随着时间的推移，集体经济发展出现了“双峰趋同”的现象。 （2）普通面板回归显示，物质资本、经济工作能力、科技进步对于村级集体经济发展有正向的依次减弱的影响，人口数量的影响为负；面板分位数回归显示，随着分位数水平的提高，物质资本系数先上升、后下降再上升；经济工作能力系数逐渐减小；人口规模系数先下降后上升；科技进步系数波动上升。 （3）空间计量结果显示，各变量对于村级集体经济发展具有一定的溢出效应，其中，物质资本的溢出效应为正（不显著），经济工作能力的溢出效应为正（显著），人口因素的溢出效应为负（不显著），科技进步的溢出效应为正（显著）。 本文的创新之处在于使用较难获取的2008-2015年92个村面板数据进行回归，相比于截面数据，更准确地测度了各要素对集体经济的真实影响；将空间关联因素纳入研究视域，探究了村级集体经济驱动因素的空间溢出效应。 / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2019

This analysis of faunal bones from Wolf Village focuses on large game and its utility, as evidenced by what is known as the modified general utility index (MGUI). The MGUI proposes that bones at sites reflect transportation and butchering choices made by hunters at kill-butchering sites. According to the assumptions associated with the MGUI, hunters should select animal portions with high food value. The MGUI has been used in Fremont archaeology to provide a rough measure of site function. The expectation is that faunal bones would accompany the prized cuts of large game meat at habitation sites – and the animal parts with little food value would remain at kill-butchering sites because they are not worth the cost to carry them to the village. My analysis of large game animal bones found in excavations at Wolf Village counter these expectations. Fremont hunters at Wolf Village were returning to the site with low-caloric portions of large game, at least part of the time. Results from strontium isotope analysis suggest that many of the large game individuals hunted by the Fremont were not local to the immediate area. This suggests that hunters saw utility in low-caloric elements not related only to food value. Some low-caloric skeletal elements were used by the Fremont to construct bone tools and other objects, and as possible symbolic objects used in abandonment rituals. The results of this research suggests that the MGUI is not appropriate for measuring the utility of animal portions to the Fremont. Only when considering the social and non-caloric economic reasons for transporting low caloric elements, can archaeologists discover the true utility of large game animal parts to Fremont hunters.

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / Refere to document

Dissertation (MSc(Agriculture) / The main objective of the study was to analyze the economic viability and sustainability of the leasing system in the development of dairy goat’s keepers group in Ga-Mampa, Mafefe rural community. Mafefe is one of the rural communities where dairy goat keeping is given little or no care by the dairy goat keepers. Through an action research process implemented within the community by the Center for Rural Community Empowerment (CRCE/University of Limpopo: Turfloop Campus), community members became interested in developing dairy goat keeping, which was very dubious to the community members as it was their first time to hear about goats bred for milk production. In Limpopo Province, goats are the most common livestock among communal farmers and yet they do not make a significant contribution to the economy of the place, let alone improve income of the households who keep dairy goats. The purpose of the study, therefore, was to find ways to transform the current subsistence system of producing indigenous goats by households in Ga-Mampa Mafefe (Capricorn District (CD)) in the Limpopo Province of South Africa into a viable system of producing, processing and marketing both dairy goats and their byproducts through formal markets. The study attempts to find out as to how a commodity group manages capital through a leasing system to sustainably insure that its members can access a technical innovation: dairy goat keeping. This study also looks at how leasing contributes to the development of the dairy goat project, the community and the development of individual members of the project. The Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) criteria were used to evaluate the economic viability of the leasing system towards the development of dairy goats. The results indicate that the NPV in this study is greater than zero, therefore the project is considered to be economically viable and sustainable, and also the BCR is greater than one indicating that the project is still profitable and hence acceptable. According to the findings from the analytical techniques, production of dairy goats through the leasing system would be profitable to dairy goat keepers. vi A sensitivity analysis to changes in benefits and costs of inputs was conducted. This found the above project proposal to be viable, even when benefits are reduced by 20%. The project proposal was still viable when the cost of inputs was inflated by 20%. In both cases, the benefit cost ratio is greater than one. Also the combined effect of reducing the benefit by 20% and inflating cots by 20% would result in positive Net Present Value (NPV). Results from a survey carried out further show the possibility and viability of producing satisfactory levels of milk from dairy goats in Limpopo Province. / French Embassy, Centre for Rural Community Empowerment (CRCE)

The impact of the market economy is a significant challenge facing Fijian rural communities. It is especially challenging for indigenous rural women who are managing the shift from a subsistence way of living to engagement in money generating activities. The challenge is more acute amongst disadvantaged populations such as women in rural communities who lack the resources and the political power to manage these challenges. The thesis provides a critical ethnographic, action-research study of the daily socioeconomic experiences of a group of Fijian village women, at this time of significant change. It provides and in-depth case study of a rural Fijian village located in the upper reaches of the Sigatoka Valley. The case study focuses on the women�s perspectives about their daily lived experiences and actions that followed from reflection on these, drawing out from these implications for indigenous Fijian women�s social progress and development. Herself, a member of the community, the researcher gathered data by a combination of participant observation, survey, diaries, focus groups and interviews. The researcher�s observations and understandings were fed back to the participants in the form of a workshop with the intention of confirmation and to provide and opportunity for action based on this reflection. It is argued that the success of managing the influence of the market economy on the villagers is to create social and political spaces and opportunities to hear and understand local epistemologies and daily lived experiences, reflexively. As an indigenous scholar, the researcher interrogates and deconstructs her own academic epistemologies and positions as a knowledge broker in order to co-construct new practices with her people. The research promises to make public Fijian village women�s knowledge, values, practices and experiences so that they can be understood by local scholars and local government development officers. Privileging the village women�s knowledge and bringing it to the core is a significant political act that might form the basis of proceeding political encounters that women will face in the development process.

Participer à la reconnaissance de la littérature orale est une des missions de la Maison Régionale des Conteurs d'Afrique, en cours de création à Yamoussoukro, capitale politique de la République de Côte d'Ivoire. Véritable porte voix, elle a pour vocation le recueil des contes, leur diffusion bilingue et, ce faisant, leur inscription dans la patrimoine culturel de la Nation ivoirienne. Recueillir oralement des histoires, comme autant d'humbles témoignages d'un temps qui "va et vient", que portent des voix à leur rythme pour mieux nous transporter! Diffuser cette "littérature" dans les langues natives nationales et en langue française! Ce sont deux des actions essentielles que ce travail se propose de décrire. Nous avons choisi la Côte d'Ivoire où six collectages ont été réalisés de 1999 à 2006 au cours desquels 132 contes ont été enregistrés. Les 27 premiers d'entre deux, recueillis en langue baoulé ont permis la réalisation, à titre expérimental, d'un classement adapté aux récits contés. Les 105 contes présentés ici constituent la base de données du corpus actuel dont 91 sont présentés, transcrits dans les 2 langues nationales de recueil que sont le baoulé et le sénoufo puis traduits en français littéral et 14, recueillis en langue nationale bété sont uniquement traduits en français littéraire. Le travail de transcription et de traduction terminé, une fiche signalétique créée pour chaque récitant de conte est complétée et les données enregistrées à des fins d'exploitation. Pour conclure, tout en situant les résultats du travail d'analyse à leur juste niveau compte tenu de la taille modeste de l'échantillon soumis à son traitement, nous disposons d'un outil susceptible d'assurer, à terme, l'exploitation de nouvelles données. Enfin, sachant que ce travail de recherche a pour ambition de participer à la sauvegarde et la reconnaissance de la littérature orale dans ce chaleureux pays, nous formons le voeu qu'il dépasse les frontières et inspire le monde francophone.

As the focus in southeastern archaeology shifts away from large scale hierarchical analyses in favor of agency based approaches, our understanding of Mississippian settlements has changed. This research is an attempt to fill the “fuzzy gap” in Mississippian archaeological literature left by decades of research premised on Neo-evolutionary models and theories. In this thesis, I present my case study on Riverfront Village, a small Mississippian “hamlet” located in the Savannah River Valley. Through an analysis of subterranean pit features, I present a new feature classification scheme open to variability, and address how variations within the practice of subterranean storage relate to social complexity.

A case study of Vancouver’s West End neighbourhood examines the cultural, structural, economic and political impacts of a glbtt (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and two-spirited) community and a gay urban village on its city. This work also queries the role of municipal government in the regulation and maintenance of the social composition and identity of a neighbourhood. Finally, the future of gay urban villages is discussed as their role in promoting solidarity and safety transitions toward a commercial and nodal one. This research involved three local key informant interviews and nine community residents who participated as photographers in a community visual analysis. Results unveiled a neighbourhood intrinsically well suited to serving a transient gay male community with an increasing dispersion of the identifying demographic. For the foreseeable future the significance of the Davie Village in the socio-sexual landscape of Vancouver appears secure through the nodal nature of gay retail, bars and services, reinforced by business interests. As an urban typology supporting a comparatively young glbtt culture, the gay urban village plays a unique role in the city, providing spaces of experimentation and invention — a stage for new systems of cultural (ex)change to emerge. / October 2007