Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:40:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 02754.pdf: 4328474 bytes, checksum: 6fdb5d10397ad0fb34056831c731e939 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Orientador: Eugenio Spano Rosa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T13:16:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Duarte_Milvio_M.pdf: 5637497 bytes, checksum: 73a45b46e4f664ad34e8514d8a182db5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Uma mistura de gás e líquido escoando em um tubo para uma larga faixa de vazões tem as fases gás e líquido distribuídas na tubulação de forma intermitente. Esse padrão é caracterizado por uma sucessão de longas bolhas seguidas de pistões de líquido que não ocorrem com tamanhos e periodicidade definidos devido às interações cinemáticas e dinâmicas que ocorrem entre as bolhas e os pistões de líquido. O comprimento, a velocidade e a freqüência das estruturas gás e líquido formadas são influenciados por diversos parâmetros do escoamento podendo-se citar: as vazões de gás e líquido, o diâmetro da linha, a densidade e a viscosidade dos fluidos entre outros. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o efeito da variação da viscosidade na caracterização das estruturas gás-líquido. O aparato experimental consiste de um misturador gás-líquido posicionado na entrada da seção de testes. Ela consiste de tubo de acrílico transparente de 23,4 m de comprimento, com 26 mm de diâmetro interno, totalizando 900 diâmetros livres. Dois pares de fluidos são testados: ar e água e ar com uma mistura de glicerina. Tomando-se como referência a viscosidade da água, 1 cP, a mistura de glicerina mais água apresenta uma viscosidade de 27 cP. As medidas instantâneas do escoamento tais como comprimentos, velocidades e freqüências são obtidos por meio de quatro estações de medidas. Elas são compostas por um par de sondas paralelas e estão localizadas a 127, 267, 494 e 777 diâmetros do misturador. Os testes são conduzidos para os mesmos pares de vazões de líquido e gás de forma que os efeitos da alteração da viscosidade do líquido possam ser evidenciados. Os resultados são apresentados em termos de valores médios, dos histogramas das populações e também por meio de correlações a medida que elas evoluem do misturador até a saída da seção de testes revelando de que maneira a mudança da viscosidade influi nestes parâmetros / Abstract: A gas-liquid mixture flowing through a pipe for a large flow range has its gas and liquid phases distributed intermittently along the pipe. This flow pattern is characterized by a succession of elongated bubbles and liquid slugs that do not occur with size and frequency defined due to the interactions between bubbles and liquid slugs. The length, speed and frequency of the gas-liquid structures are influenced by several flow parameters such as: gas and liquid flow rates, pipe diameter, fluids densities and viscosities, among others. The main goal of this work is to analyze the viscosity effect on characterization the gas-liquid structure. The experimental apparatus consists of a gas-liquid mixer located at the inlet of the test section. The test section is transparent acrylic pipe with 26 mm ID 23.4 m long. Two couples of fluids are tested: air-water and airglycerin solution. The water viscosity is of 1 cP, while the water-glycerin solution is of 27 cP viscosity. The lengths, speeds and frequencies of the gas-liquid structures are obtained by four measurement stations positioned along the test section. They are made of a couple of parallel wire probes are located at 127, 267, 494 and 777 diameters from the mixer. The tests are performed employing the same liquid and gas flow rates for both A@W and A@G allowing a straightforward analysis of the viscosity variation effects. The results are presented in terms of mean values, population histograms and also through mathematical correlations about the evolution along the test section, disclosing how the viscosity variation affects those parameters / Mestrado / Termica e Fluidos / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

[pt] Efetuou-se um estudo numérico do escoamento entre cilindros concêntricos e excêntricos girantes com efeitos de dissipação viscosa presente. Assumiu-se que o cilindro interno estava girando com uma velocidade angular constante e que o externo estava fixo. Assumimos a condição de contorno de não deslizamento para velocidade em ambas as paredes. A temperatura do fluido nas paredes dos cilindros foi assumida constante e seu campo assumimos ser governado por efeitos de convecção e condução, com uma fonte de energia proveniente da dissipação viscosa do escoamento. A viscosidade do fluido foi assumida variável com a temperatura. A discretização espacial foi feita por elementos finitos através de funções de base lineares, mais uma função estabilizadora para velocidade no caso dos cilindros excêntricos. O método das características foi usado no problema excêntrico. Resultados computacionais ilustram a eficiência da técnica adotada. / [en] A computational study of viscous flow between concentric and eccentrically rotating cylinders in presented in which the effect of viscous dissipation is taken into account. The inner cylinder is assumed to be rotating at constant speed with respect to the outer one. We assume a no-alip boundary condition for the velocity on both walls. The temperature of the fluid is assumed to be constant on the cylinders and its distribution is assumed to be governed by both conduction and convection, with a supplementary soure of energy du to the effects of viscous dissipation. The viscosity is assumed to be varies with temperature. The space discretization is based on piecewise linear finite elements, with velocity stabilization in case of the eccentrically cylinders. The method of characteristics is used for time integration in the eccentrically problem. Numerical results illustrate the efficienty of the adopted approach.

No description available.

The effect of pH, temperature, and ionic strength on the molecular conformation of five industrial polyacrylamide-based flocculants was investigated by determining intrinsic viscosities on dilute flocculant solutions. The Fedors equation was found to be most suitable for all flocculants for determining the intrinsic viscosity. The results indicated that the flocculants are fully extended in distilled water at natural pH and at 25°C as evidenced by the high intrinsic viscosities. The data pointed to the strong dependence of the intrinsic viscosity on the presence of salts as a result of the shielding of negatively charged carboxylate groups by the counterions. At a constant ionic strength of 0.01M NaCl, the flocculants assumed a coiled conformation, and further coiling was observed in the presence of small quantities of calcium chloride. CaC1₂ (0.001 mo1/L) There was a decrease in intrinsic viscosities at high pH (~8.5 and 10.5) that was merely attributed to an increase in ionic strength with the increase in concentration of Na⁺ at high pH. Intrinsic viscosity measurements at higher temperatures (35°C and 50°C) showed a small effect of temperature on the conformation of the flocculants. Higher temperature, however, seemed to accelerate the aging of the flocculant solutions. The degrees of anionicity of the flocculants were found to be in the range 1.5% to 50%, as determined through chemical analysis. It was established that determination of total organic carbon content and sodium assays is an accurate way of obtaining the degrees of anionicity of industrial flocculants. The solution stability of the flocculants in distilled water and in 0.01M NaCl was investigated over a period of three days. The reduced viscosities of the anionic flocculant in distilled water steadily decreased. The decrease was more dramatic at high temperature (50°C) than at room temperature, but no viscosity loss was observed in the presence of NaCl. The viscosity of the nonionic flocculant was stable in both distilled water and NaCl. The viscosity loss with time in the case of the anionic flocculant can be correlated with the hydrolysis of the weakly acidic carboxylate (C00⁻) groups to release OH⁻ ions and simultaneous association into uncharged carboxylic (C00H) groups that promote coiling of polyacrylamide. This effect is therefore very similar to the earlier-mentioned effect of sodium chloride. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of / Graduate

No description available.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Food Science / unrestricted

Liquid viscosity is an important thermophysical property in process design. While liquid viscosity has been studied for over a century, much has been left unexplored. The behavior of liquid viscosity between the melting point and normal boiling point are well established, but yet there is a lack of experimental data – with only 52% of the compounds in the 801 DIPPR database having experimental liquid viscosity data – and inadequate prediction methods. This project was able to measure liquid viscosity for 30 organic compounds to help fill in the gap in the 801 DIPPR database. The measured results also helped reiterate the need to examine family trends when looking at thermophysical properties. Prediction method shortcomings are briefly discussed when evaluating measured liquid viscosity data. A QSPR model developed by Gharagheizi is tested using liquid viscosity data from the 801 DIPPR database and found to be nonreplicable. A new QSPR model for predicting liquid viscosity at 298.15 K based on chemical family is developed and proven to be a promising starting point for future work.

The theory of viscosity solutions was developed for certain types of nonlinear first-order and second-order partial differential equations. It has been particularly useful in describing the solutions of partial differential equations associated with deterministic and stochastic optimal control problems [16], [53]. In its classical formulation, see [16], the theory deals with solutions which are continuous functions. The concept of continuous viscosity solutions was further generalized in various ways to include discontinuous solutions with the definition of Ishii given in [71] playing a pivotal role. In this thesis we propose a new approach for the treatment of discontinuous solutions of first-order Hamilton-Jacobi equations, namely, by involving Hausdorff continuous interval valued functions. The advantages of the proposed approach are justified by demonstrating that the main ideas within the classical theory of continuous viscosity solutions can be extended almost unchanged to the wider space of Hausdorff continuous functions and the existing theory of discontinuous viscosity solutions is a particular case of that developed in this thesis in terms of Hausdorff continuous interval valued functions. Two approaches to numerical solutions for Hamilton-Jacobi equations are presented. The first one is a monotone scheme for Hamilton-Jacobi equations while the second is based on preserving total variation diminishing property for conservation laws. In the first approach, we couple the finite element method with the nonstandard finite difference method which is based on the Mickens’ rule of nonlocal approximation [9]. The scheme obtained in this way is unconditionally monotone. In the second approach, computationally simple implicit schemes are derived by using nonlocal approximation of nonlinear terms. Renormalization of the denominator of the discrete derivative is used for deriving explicit schemes of first or higher order. Unlike the standard explicit methods, the solutions of these schemes have diminishing total variation for any time step size. / Thesis (PhD (Mathematical Science))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Mathematics and Applied Mathematics / unrestricted

Thesis. 1977. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Vita. / Bibliography : leaves 72-76. / M.S.