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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

[Changes in the vagina of the white mouse during pregnancy and their simulation by endocrine extracts

Schick, Robert Dean. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis - University of Michigan. / Two articles reprinted from the Journal of morphology, v. 72, no. 2, March, 1943 and vol. 73, no. 1, July, 1943.
12

Use and effectiveness of over the counter vaginal moisturizers in reducing symptom(s) of vaginal dryness in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women a report submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree Master of Science, Primary-Care Nursing ... /

Vashi, Parul R. January 1995 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1996.
13

Distribuição espacial de transcritos no trato reprodutivo e sua relação com o ambiente endócrino periovulatório no início do diestro de bovinos de corte / Different periovulatory endocrine milieus modulate spatial distribution of transcripts in the reproductive tract of beef cows

Araujo, Estela Rose 30 May 2014 (has links)
Em bovinos , as flutuações nas concentrações de estradiol (E2) e progesterona ( P4) que ocorrem em torno do estro modulam a expressão gênica do endométrio, a composição histotrofo, o desenvolvimento do concepto e assim afetam o resultado da prenhez. Durante o ciclo estral, ações endócrinas bem orquestradas afetam o endométrio bovino (BAUERSACHS et al., 2005). No presente trabalho, a hipótese sustentada é que alterações endócrinas associadas ao crescimento e ovulação de folículos de diferentes tamanhos modulam a distribuição espacial das transcrições no trato reprodutivo de vacas da raça Nelore. O crescimento folicular de vacas Nelore multíparas e não lactantes foi farmacologicamente manipulado a fim de gerar grupos com folículos pré-ovulatórios e subsequente corpo lúteo (ou seja, diferentes ambientes endócrinos periovulatórios) grande (FG CLG; n = 6) ou pequeno (FP CLP, n = 6). Os animais foram abatidos, sete dias após a indução da ovulação e fragmentos das regiões anterior, média e posterior de ambos os cornos uterinos e da vagina foram coletados para a avaliação de expressão gênica por PCR quantitativo. A expressão gênica foi normalizada utilizando os genes referência ciclofilina A e beta actina, como indicado pelo software GeNorm. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o procedimento PROC MIXED do SAS (versão 9.2; Instituto SAS) em dois modelos independentes. O primeiro modelo incluiu os efeitos de grupo (FG CLG e FP CLP), lado do corno uterino (ipsolateral ou contralateral ao ovário contendo o CL) e sua interação, o segundo modelo incluiu os efeitos de grupo, região (anterior, médio e posterior) do corno ipsolateral e suas interações. Vacas do grupo FP CLP apresentou maiores folículos pré-ovulatórios e concentrações de E2 durante proestro e maiores CL e níveis de P4 no diestro inicial, quando comparados com os do grupo FP CLP. Animais do grupo FP CLP apresentaram uma maior abundância de transcritos que codificam o receptor de E2 (ESR2; 130%), a aldo-ceto redutase família 1, membro C4 (AKR1C4; 232%), a lipoproteína lipase (LPL; 116%), o carreador de soluto família 2, membro 1 (SLC2A1; 24%) e inibidor da peptidase da serina, subtipo A, membro 14 (SERPINA14; 75%). Por outro lado, a expressão de genes que codificam o receptor de P4 e receptor de oxitocina foi regulada positivamente no tecido endometrial do grupo FP CLP (36 % e 966 %, respectivamente). Além disso, a abundância da transcrição desse genes foi maior no corno contralateral ao CL. Além disso, a região anterior do corno uterino ipsolateral apresentou aumentada expressão de PGR, ESR2, LPL, SLC2A1 e SERPINA14 em comparação com a região posterior. Com exceção da OXTR que apresentou interação grupo e lado, não houve interações grupo por lado ou região. Não houve efeito de grupo sobre a expressão de qualquer um dos genes na vagina. Em conclusão, o presente estudo mostrou que o padrão de expressão de genes específicos em resposta variou quanto a grupo e entre as regiões do trato reprodutivo de fêmeas bovinas. No entanto, os distintos ambientes endócrino periovulatórios não afetaram a distribuição regional de transcritos. / In cattle, fluctuations of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentrations that occur around estrus modulate endometrial gene expression, histotroph composition, conceptus development and, thereby affect pregnancy outcome. During the estrous cycle, well-orchestrated endocrine actions affect the bovine endometrium (BAUERSACHS et al., 2005). In the present work, we hypothesized that endocrine changes associated with growth and ovulation of follicles of different sizes modulate the spatial distribution of transcripts in the reproductive tract of Nellore cows. The follicular growth of multiparous non-lactating Nelore cows was pharmacologically manipulated in order to generate groups with large (LF LCL; n=6) or small (SF SCL; n=6) preovulatory follicles and subsequent corpus luteum (i.e., different periovulatory endocrine milieus). Cows were slaughtered seven days after the induction of ovulation and fragments from the anterior, middle and posterior regions from both uterine horns and the vagina were collected. Gene expression assessment was performed by quantitative PCR. Gene expression was normalized using cyclophilin A and actin, beta as reference genes, as indicated by the GeNorm software. Data were analysed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (Version 9.2; SAS Institute) in two independent models. The first model included the effects of group (LF LCL and SF SCL), side of the uterine horn (ipsilateral or contralateral to the ovary containing the CL) and interaction and the second model included the effects of group, region of the ipsilateral horn (anterior, middle and posterior) and interaction. Cows in the LF LCL group presented larger preovulatory follicles and E2 concentrations during proestrus and larger CL and P4 levels during early diestrus when compared to animals from SF SCL group. Animals in the LF LCL group had a greater abundance of transcripts coding the estrogen receptor (ESR2; 130%), aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C4 (AKR1C4; 232%), lipoprotein lipase (LPL; 116%), solute carrier family 2, member 1 (SLC2A1; 24%) and serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 14 (SERPINA14; 75%). Conversely, the expression of genes coding the progesterone receptor and oxytocin receptor was upregulated in the SFSCL endometrial tissue (36% and 966% respectively). Furthermore, transcript abundance of the later genes was observed in the contralateral horn. In addition, the anterior region of the ipsilateral horn showed increased expression of PGR, ESR2, LPL, SLC2A1 and SERPINA14 compared to the posterior region. Except for a group by side interaction for the expression of OXTR, there were no group by region or group by side interactions. There was no effect of group on the expression of any of the genes in the vagina. In conclusion, our study showed that the expression pattern of specific genes varied in response to group and among regions of the female reproductive tract. However, distinct endocrine periovulatory milieus did no affect regional distribution of transcripts.
14

The assessment of humoral immunity in the vaginal mucosa of pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Omar, Momeen. January 2003 (has links)
Mucosal surfaces are prominent in the gastrointestinal, urogenital, and respiratory tracts and provide portals of entry for pathogens. The mucosal immune system consists of molecules, cells, and organised lymphoid structures intended to provide immunity to pathogens that impinge upon mucosal surfaces. The aim of this study was to assess humoral immunity in the vaginal mucosa and compare this immune response to a systemic response. The use of commercially available tampons provided a self-administered, pain free method for the collection of vaginal secretions. To standardise specimens, a total protein determination was performed on vaginal secretions and on sera. All subjects were screened for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) using conventional and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) amplification tests. Immunoglobulin levels in vaginal secretions and in sera were quantitated using a quantitative sandwich enzyme- linked- immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The immunoglobulin levels quantitated were analysed on the basis of pregnancy status and the presence or absence of an STI. Immunoglobulin results for serum showed a significant increase in IgG and IgA in women with an STI regardless of pregnancy (p< 0.001). This study showed a decrease in vaginal IgG and IgA in women with an STI. Non-pregnant women with an STI had significantly lower levels of IgG and IgA in the cervico-vaginal secretions as compared to the controls (p=0.002 and p=0.0002 respectively). This was also observed in pregnant women (p= 0.03 and p< 0.001 respectively). IgM levels were mostly too low to be detectable but showed a tendency to increase in vaginal secretions of women with an STI. Pregnancy did not have an effect on immunoglobulin levels except for IgA. The effects observed were due to the presence of an STI. All the STI pathogens studied displayed a similar effect on immunoglobulin levels. Bacterial vaginosis, however, appears to exert an effect specifically on lowering IgG (p=0.008) in vaginal fluid and increasing IgG levels (p=0.008) in serum. Once a more complete understanding of the mechanisms associated with the host defence of the vaginal mucosa is obtained, specific immunotherapeutic strategies can be developed. A greater knowledge of host defence factors specific to the vagina will provide insights into understanding susceptibility to opportunistic infections and STIs. / Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)-University of Natal, 2003.
15

Distribuição espacial de transcritos no trato reprodutivo e sua relação com o ambiente endócrino periovulatório no início do diestro de bovinos de corte / Different periovulatory endocrine milieus modulate spatial distribution of transcripts in the reproductive tract of beef cows

Estela Rose Araujo 30 May 2014 (has links)
Em bovinos , as flutuações nas concentrações de estradiol (E2) e progesterona ( P4) que ocorrem em torno do estro modulam a expressão gênica do endométrio, a composição histotrofo, o desenvolvimento do concepto e assim afetam o resultado da prenhez. Durante o ciclo estral, ações endócrinas bem orquestradas afetam o endométrio bovino (BAUERSACHS et al., 2005). No presente trabalho, a hipótese sustentada é que alterações endócrinas associadas ao crescimento e ovulação de folículos de diferentes tamanhos modulam a distribuição espacial das transcrições no trato reprodutivo de vacas da raça Nelore. O crescimento folicular de vacas Nelore multíparas e não lactantes foi farmacologicamente manipulado a fim de gerar grupos com folículos pré-ovulatórios e subsequente corpo lúteo (ou seja, diferentes ambientes endócrinos periovulatórios) grande (FG CLG; n = 6) ou pequeno (FP CLP, n = 6). Os animais foram abatidos, sete dias após a indução da ovulação e fragmentos das regiões anterior, média e posterior de ambos os cornos uterinos e da vagina foram coletados para a avaliação de expressão gênica por PCR quantitativo. A expressão gênica foi normalizada utilizando os genes referência ciclofilina A e beta actina, como indicado pelo software GeNorm. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o procedimento PROC MIXED do SAS (versão 9.2; Instituto SAS) em dois modelos independentes. O primeiro modelo incluiu os efeitos de grupo (FG CLG e FP CLP), lado do corno uterino (ipsolateral ou contralateral ao ovário contendo o CL) e sua interação, o segundo modelo incluiu os efeitos de grupo, região (anterior, médio e posterior) do corno ipsolateral e suas interações. Vacas do grupo FP CLP apresentou maiores folículos pré-ovulatórios e concentrações de E2 durante proestro e maiores CL e níveis de P4 no diestro inicial, quando comparados com os do grupo FP CLP. Animais do grupo FP CLP apresentaram uma maior abundância de transcritos que codificam o receptor de E2 (ESR2; 130%), a aldo-ceto redutase família 1, membro C4 (AKR1C4; 232%), a lipoproteína lipase (LPL; 116%), o carreador de soluto família 2, membro 1 (SLC2A1; 24%) e inibidor da peptidase da serina, subtipo A, membro 14 (SERPINA14; 75%). Por outro lado, a expressão de genes que codificam o receptor de P4 e receptor de oxitocina foi regulada positivamente no tecido endometrial do grupo FP CLP (36 % e 966 %, respectivamente). Além disso, a abundância da transcrição desse genes foi maior no corno contralateral ao CL. Além disso, a região anterior do corno uterino ipsolateral apresentou aumentada expressão de PGR, ESR2, LPL, SLC2A1 e SERPINA14 em comparação com a região posterior. Com exceção da OXTR que apresentou interação grupo e lado, não houve interações grupo por lado ou região. Não houve efeito de grupo sobre a expressão de qualquer um dos genes na vagina. Em conclusão, o presente estudo mostrou que o padrão de expressão de genes específicos em resposta variou quanto a grupo e entre as regiões do trato reprodutivo de fêmeas bovinas. No entanto, os distintos ambientes endócrino periovulatórios não afetaram a distribuição regional de transcritos. / In cattle, fluctuations of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentrations that occur around estrus modulate endometrial gene expression, histotroph composition, conceptus development and, thereby affect pregnancy outcome. During the estrous cycle, well-orchestrated endocrine actions affect the bovine endometrium (BAUERSACHS et al., 2005). In the present work, we hypothesized that endocrine changes associated with growth and ovulation of follicles of different sizes modulate the spatial distribution of transcripts in the reproductive tract of Nellore cows. The follicular growth of multiparous non-lactating Nelore cows was pharmacologically manipulated in order to generate groups with large (LF LCL; n=6) or small (SF SCL; n=6) preovulatory follicles and subsequent corpus luteum (i.e., different periovulatory endocrine milieus). Cows were slaughtered seven days after the induction of ovulation and fragments from the anterior, middle and posterior regions from both uterine horns and the vagina were collected. Gene expression assessment was performed by quantitative PCR. Gene expression was normalized using cyclophilin A and actin, beta as reference genes, as indicated by the GeNorm software. Data were analysed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (Version 9.2; SAS Institute) in two independent models. The first model included the effects of group (LF LCL and SF SCL), side of the uterine horn (ipsilateral or contralateral to the ovary containing the CL) and interaction and the second model included the effects of group, region of the ipsilateral horn (anterior, middle and posterior) and interaction. Cows in the LF LCL group presented larger preovulatory follicles and E2 concentrations during proestrus and larger CL and P4 levels during early diestrus when compared to animals from SF SCL group. Animals in the LF LCL group had a greater abundance of transcripts coding the estrogen receptor (ESR2; 130%), aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C4 (AKR1C4; 232%), lipoprotein lipase (LPL; 116%), solute carrier family 2, member 1 (SLC2A1; 24%) and serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 14 (SERPINA14; 75%). Conversely, the expression of genes coding the progesterone receptor and oxytocin receptor was upregulated in the SFSCL endometrial tissue (36% and 966% respectively). Furthermore, transcript abundance of the later genes was observed in the contralateral horn. In addition, the anterior region of the ipsilateral horn showed increased expression of PGR, ESR2, LPL, SLC2A1 and SERPINA14 compared to the posterior region. Except for a group by side interaction for the expression of OXTR, there were no group by region or group by side interactions. There was no effect of group on the expression of any of the genes in the vagina. In conclusion, our study showed that the expression pattern of specific genes varied in response to group and among regions of the female reproductive tract. However, distinct endocrine periovulatory milieus did no affect regional distribution of transcripts.
16

Influencia do uso tópico do estrogênio ou testosterona ou acido poliacrilico sobre a funçao sexual em mulheres na pós menopausa = ensaio clinico controlado e aleatorizado = Eficcacy of vaginally applied estrogen, testosterone, polyacrylic acid on sexual function in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trail / Eficcacy of vaginally applied estrogen, testosterone, polyacrylic acid on sexual function in postmenopausal women : a randomized controlled trail

Fernandes, Tatiane Rosa, 1981- 23 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Aarão Mendes Pinto-Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T11:12:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_T._M.pdf: 2208281 bytes, checksum: 1ec9008b41578db5b1f708c5dcb2480b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Introdução: A atrofia vaginal é uma condição crônica frequente em mulheres na pós-menopausa que acarreta alterações em sua sexualidade e consequentemente em sua qualidade de vida. Recentes estudos avaliam novas alternativas de tratamento para essa ascendente queixa da população feminina. Entretanto, atualmente dispomos de poucas opções terapêuticas adequadamente avaliadas. Objetivo: Comparar a função sexual feminina após o uso tópico de estrogênio, testosterona e ácido poliacrílico com o uso de lubrificante vaginal. Métodos: Ensaio clinico randomizado com 80 mulheres na pós-menopausa, entre 40 e 70 anos, em seguimento no Ambulatório de Menopausa do CAISM Unicamp. As mulheres foram randomizadas para o tratamento tópico via vaginal com estrogênio, testosterona, ácido poliacrílico e lubrificante, três vezes na semana, por um período de 12 semanas, entre novembro de 2011 a janeiro 2013. Utilizou-se o Índice de Função Sexual Feminina para avaliar as mudanças da resposta sexual no início e após 6 e 12 semanas. Resultados: O ácido poliacrílico e a testosterona tópica, em comparação com o lubrificante após 12 semanas de tratamento, apresentaram aumento nos domínios: desejo sexual, lubrificação, satisfação, dor na relação sexual e escore total. O tratamento com o estrogênio tópico em comparação com o lubrificante apresentou melhora no domínio desejo. A análise intragrupo ao longo do tempo de tratamento evidenciou melhora nos domínios desejo, lubrificação, dor para as mulheres que utilizaram ácido poliacrílico, testosterona e estrogênio. Além disso, as mulheres que utilizaram testosterona apresentaram melhora ao longo do tempo nos domínios excitação, orgasmo e satisfação. Conclusão: O tratamento por 12 semanas- em mulheres na pós-menopausa com sintomas de atrofia vaginal - realizado com ácido poliacrílico, testosterona e estrogênio demonstrou melhora na função sexual feminina. quando comparado ao uso de lubrificante vaginal / Abstract: Introduction. Female libido is multifactorial and complex. Declining estrogen levels in postmenopausal women affects vaginal function. Aim. To evaluate female sexual function after using topical estrogen, testosterone or polyacrylic acid as vaginal lubricants with K-Y jelly as a placebo lubricant. Methods. This was a randomized controlled clinical trial on 80 postmenopausal women between 40 and 70 years of age with follow-up at the Menopause Clinic of the CAISM / Unicamp. The women were randomized to treatment with topical vaginal estrogen, testosterone, polyacrylic acid or oil lubricant alone, three times a week for a period of 12 weeks from November 2011 to January 2013. Main Outcome Measures. We used the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to assess changes in sexual response at baseline, and after 6 and 12 weeks. Results. After 12 weeks of treatment, polyacrylic acid and topical testosterone produced improvements in the FSFI domains of sexual desire, lubrication, satisfaction, reduced pain during intercourse and total score compared with lubricant alone. Treatment with topical estrogen in comparison with lubricant alone showed an improvement in the FSFI field of desire. The intragroup analysis over the time of the treatment showed improvements in the fields of desire, lubrication, and reduced pain for polyacrylic acid, testosterone and estrogen. Furthermore, women who used testosterone showed improvements over time in the fields of arousal, orgasm and satisfaction. Conclusions. Treatment of postmenopausal women with symptoms of vaginal atrophy with polyacrylic acid, testosterone and estrogen for 12 weeks produced improvements in self-reported female sexual function when compared with a lubricant / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Ginecológica / Mestra em Ciências da Saúde
17

A study of the bovine vagina as related to reproductive performance

Mahmoud, Ali Hassan January 2011 (has links)
Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries
18

Estudo comparativo de cremes estrogênicos em pacientes com prolapso genital

Pinhat, Elisa Chicareli January 2017 (has links)
Orientador : Newton Sergio de Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tocoginecologia. Defesa : Curitiba, 10/03/2017 / Inclui referências: f.55-58 / Resumo: Estudo Comparativo De Cremes Estrogênicos Em Pacientes Com Prolapso Genital. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de três diferentes tipos de cremes vaginais estrogênicos em comparação ao placebo, em relação as mudanças das queixas climatéricas sistêmicas e urogenitais, e seus efeitos na citologia hormonal vaginal, além do impacto e segurança endometrial. Material e Método: 69 pacientes foram selecionadas e randomizadas em 4 grupos para uso de 1g/dia de: promestrieno, estriol, estrogênio conjugado e hidratante vaginal não hormonal, como grupo controle. Tiveram citologia hormonal coletada antes e após o uso dos cremes, bem como avaliação endometrial ultrassonográfica e de queixas urogenitais e sistêmicas. Resultados: todos os cremes proporcionaram melhora de queixas, seja local ou sistêmica, porém o creme que demonstrou melhora das queixas locais, sistêmicas e correspondência na citologia hormonal, sem espessar endométrio foi o promestrieno; Conclusão: todos os cremes proporcionaram melhora das queixas urogenitais. Apesar de haverem bons indícios da segurança endometrial dos cremes vaginais, neste estudo tivemos mais influência hormonal no endométrio do que o relatado na literatura. Neste sentido, entre os cremes comparados, o promestrieno apresentou o melhor perfil de segurança endometrial e de melhora de queixas. Descritores: atrofia vaginal; estrogênio vaginal; espessamento endometrial / Abstract: Comparative Study Of Estrogen Creams In Patients With Pelvic Organ Prolapse Objective: To assess the effects of vaginal estrogen creams on climacteric symptoms, vaginal hormonal cytology, endometrial thickness via ultrasound, and histopathological findings and to compare the results with those of the control drug. Methods: Sixty-nine menopausal patients with pelvic organ prolapse and indication for surgery were randomized into four groups according to the use of 1 g/day of promestriene, estriol, conjugated estrogen, and non-hormonal vaginal cream. The systemic and urogenital complaints were scored, hormonal cytology was assessed, and endometrial thickness was measured via ultrasound before and after the use of the creams. In addition, a histopathological study of the endometrium using hysterectomy specimens was performed. Results: All of the creams provided some improvement in symptoms; however, promestriene was the most effective cream in improving the parameters analyzed without significantly affecting the endometrium. Conclusions: All of the creams provided an improvement in urogenital symptoms. Although there is evidence of the endometrial safety of vaginal creams, in this study, the hormonal effect of the creams on the endometrium was greater than that reported in the literature. Thus, of the creams compared in this study, promestriene exhibited better endometrial safety and symptom improvement profiles. Key words: Vaginal atrophy, vaginal estrogens; endometrial thickening
19

Evaluation of passive mechanical properties of murine vaginal tissue through planar biaxial mechanical testing and biochemical evaluation.

January 2020 (has links)
archives@tulane.edu / Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is characterized by the descent of the pelvic organs due to the loss of pelvic support. The underlying mechanism leading to POP is unknown. However, age is a known risk factor for POP, and location and microstructural composition are both associated with prolapse. How the passive biaxial mechanical properties of the vagina change with age as well as between the anterior and posterior vaginal wall are not well-established. Additionally, the extent to which elastic fiber content disruption contributes to prolapse is unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanical properties of the murine vagina as a function of age, location, and elastic fiber composition. A planar biaxial mechanical testing protocol evaluated mechanical properties of vaginal tissue from three age groups and the anterior and posterior vaginal walls. Additionally, histological analysis and opening angle measurements were performed on normal and elastase-treated tissues to determine the effect of elastic fiber disruption on mechanical function. Evaluation of mechanical changes within individual age groups showed that material stiffness was higher in the axial direction compared to the circumferential direction within the youngest age group but not in the older age groups. This may suggest that microstructural remodeling occurred that resulted in a comparable stiffness in both directions, thus, reducing the physiologic anisotropy of the tissue. As anisotropy is important for vaginal mechanohomeostasis, a disruption of this homeostasis may contribute to the increased prevalence of prolapse with age. Further, the posterior vaginal wall demonstrated a greater material stiffness compared to the anterior wall. However, prior worked suggests that increased stiffness is associated with prolapse and that anterior prolapse is more prevalent than posterior prolapse. Regional microstructural differences may be responsible for this disparity in material stiffness and may explain the increased susceptibility of the anterior vaginal wall to prolapse. Finally, elastin area fraction and mechanical function displayed a positive correlation suggesting that elastic fiber disruption directly affects mechanical properties. The data presented may improve clinical efficacy in POP treatment by elucidating relationships between POP risk factors and mechanical properties of the vagina. / 1 / Rachel Russell
20

Speaking through the body : leukorrhea as a bodily idiom of communication in Garhwal, India /

Trollope-Kumar, Karen. January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-237). Also available via World Wide Web.

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