This study examined university academics?? valence for teaching and research, and the relationships between the valence and self-efficacy for teaching and research, with an Australian and a Chinese sample. In addition, the study also investigated modelling of research activity and Chinese university academics?? attributions, experience of western research activities, and ingroup and outgroup relationships between models and observers. Design and conduct of the research was guided by a theoretical framework. Several hypotheses were generated and tested, and research questions were answered. Quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews were used in this study. The quantitative analysis comprised exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis, and content analysis was used for free responses in the surveys and the interview data from the sample of Chinese academics. Within the context of the research, the results suggested that valence for academic work may be related to university academics?? cultural orientation and their self-efficacy for academic work. The study also suggested that observing modelling by others may have been related to the Chinese university academics?? self-efficacy for research. Effects of modelling and the Chinese academics?? attributions for models?? success in research appeared to be moderated by ingroup and outgroup relationships between the models and observers. Moreover, overseas experience was found to be the most important external attribution for Chinese models?? success in research.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University (Canada), 1991. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 53-01, Section: B, page: 0503. Supervisor: I. D. Brown.

Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-37).

Title: Valency of verbs in the Prague Dependency Treebank Author: PhDr. Zdeňka Urešová Department: Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics MFF UK Supervisor: Prof. PhDr. Eva Hajičová, DrSc. Abstract: This dissertation describes PDT-Vallex, a valency lexicon of Czech verbs, and its relation to the annotation of the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT). The PDT-Vallex lexicon was created during the an- notation of the PDT and it is a valuable source of verbal valency information available both for linguistic research and for computer- ized natural language processing. In this thesis, we describe not only the structure and design of the lexicon (which is closely related to the notion of valency as developed in the Functional Generative De- scription of language) but also the relation between the PDT-Vallex and the PDT. The explicit and full-coverage linking of the lexicon to the treebank prompted us to pay special attention to diatheses; we propose formal transformation rules for diatheses to handle their surface realization even when the canonical forms of verb arguments as captured in the lexicon do not correspond to the forms of these arguments actually appearing in the corpus.

Dans le cadre des approches constructionistes, cette thèse étudie les verbes labiles de l’anglais, qui peuvent manifester des configurations syntaxiques variées sans changer de forme. L’étude de la complémentation de ces verbes montre que leur catégorisation en familles sémantiques est pertinente mais pas suffisante pour expliquer leur comportement. La thèse défend une approche syncrétique de la complémentation du verbe qui rend compte de son importante productivité et de ses limites parfois arbitraires. Une analyse montre que les verbes ont tous une configuration syntaxique par défaut, qui n’est pas signifiante et qui permet simplement au verbe d’exprimer ses arguments de façon non marquée, en accord avec certains principes de cohérence conceptuelle. À l’inverse, lorsque la complémentation du verbe a un apport sémantique identifiable, l’existence de schémas de complémentation pleinement signifiants est postulée. Il s’agit d’ensembles de compléments dont le sens est distinct de celui du verbe auquel ils sont associés et se retrouve de façon régulière avec des verbes de catégories diverses. Il est démontré que les schémas de complémentation doivent être considérés comme des unités linguistiques de plein droit de l’anglais. Cela implique qu’en synchronie, ces schémas sont emmagasinés par les locuteurs plutôt que le résultat d’un processus d’analogie avec des constructions existantes. Leur statut d’unité linguistique permet d’étudier leur sémantisme de la même façon que des unités lexicales plus classiques. S’ils sont en majorité polysémiques, certains schémas ont des emplois difficiles à relier sémantiquement et doivent donc être considérés comme des homonymes. / Within a constructionist framework, this thesis studies English labile verbs, which can enter into various syntactic configurations without changing form. A study of their complementation shows that categorizing them into semantic families is relevant but not sufficient to explain their behavior. The thesis defends a syncretic approach to verb complementation to that accounts for its important productivity and its sometimes arbitrary limits. It is shown that all verbs have a default syntactic configuration, which is not meaningful and which simply allows the verb to express its arguments in an unmarked way, in accordance with certain principles of conceptual coherence. Conversely, when the complementation of the verb has an identifiable semantic contribution, the existence of fully meaningful patterns of complementation is posited. These are defined as sets of complements, whose meaning is distinct from that of the verb with which they are associated and is found regularly with verbs of diverse categories. It is shown that patterns of complementation should be considered fully-fledged English linguistic units. This implies that synchronically, these patterns are mentally stored by speakers rather than the result of a process of analogy with existing constructions. Their status as linguistic units makes it possible to study their meaning in the same way as more classical lexical units. Although most of them are polysemic, some patterns of complementation exhibit uses that are difficult to link semantically and must therefore be viewed as homonyms.

Ruthenium complexes has been geometrically optimized with different combinations of basis sets. Using single point calculation, the Density of States and partial Density of States has been calculated. RuIII-OH2 experienced a shift towards higher binding energies. The Ru atom plays a vast role in the contribution to the HOMO level of each complex, dominating in RuII-OH2. The nitrogen atom gives a small contribution for each complex in the HOMO region except for RuII-OH2 where it only appears at higher binding energies. The energy difference between RuII-OH2 and RuIII-OH/RuIV-O is about 1.1 eV whereas it experimentally is shown to be around 1.5 eV for the same complexes.

It has long been held that concrete material has a processing advantage over abstract material, as predicted by Dual Coding Theory (Paivio,1991), although this has been challenged. For example, based on evidence for behavioural and neuroscientific studies, Kousta,, Vigliocco, Vinson, & Del Campo, (2011) proposed that emotional valance had a greater influence in the processing of abstract words, and that under some circumstances there may be no concreteness effect and might even be an abstractness effect. This would not be predicted by DCT. In addition, Isen and Daubman (1984) have claimed that emotional valence, and particularly positive emotion can influence cognitive processing. Specifically, they demonstrated that positive emotion was associated with more inclusive categorization of ambiguous category members. This current study was a 2 x 2 between group design to investigate the effect of positive and negative valence on recognition memory for concrete and abstract words and on categorization. Contrary to what was predicted by Dual Coding Theory, abstract words were generally better recognized than concrete, with there being an additional interaction with valence. A significant interaction between word type and valence on categorization was also found. Results partially support Kousta et al. (2011).

Le terme d’antipassif, qui s’inscrit depuis quarante ans dans le système des langues ergatives, désigne une construction intransitive ayant pour caractéristique générale la destitution du patient. Cette thèse remet en question l’opinion traditionnelle selon laquelle les constructions antipassives sont identifiées exclusivement dans les langues à alignement ergatif, et non dans les langues à alignement accusatif. Étant donné qu’une certaine proportion de langues ergatives utilise pour dériver l’antipassif le morphème polysémique réfléchie et/ou réciproque, dans cette étude nous nous sommes intéressée aux langues accusatives dont la marque antipassive présente la même caractéristique, d’où l’intérêt porté aux langues austronésiennes, Niger-Congo et Nilo-sahariennes, turciques, slaves et romanes. Dans la mesure où nous avons décidé de travailler sur les constructions antipassives dérivées par une marque étant à l’origine polysémique, l’impact sémantique de cette dernière sur l’ensemble de la construction apparaît comme non négligeable. Cette étude présente ainsi le double intérêt de s’appuyer sur une approche translinguistique, impliquant différentes familles de langues, et sur une vision bipolaire relative aux domaines de la syntaxe et de la sémantique. / The antipassive term, associated with ergative system since forty years, denotes an intransitive construction in which the patient argument is syntactically demoted. This study calls into question a traditional opinion according to which the antipassive phenomenon is encountered in ergative languages but not in those of accusative alignment. Since in some ergative languages the antipassive construction is triggered by a polysemous reflexive and/or reciprocal morpheme, this study deals exclusively with those accusative languages in which the antipassive marker presents the same characteristics (cf. Austronesian, Niger–Congo, Nilo-Saharan, Turkic, Slavonic, Romance languages). Building on the polysemous nature of such marker, its possible semantic impact on the whole derivation should also be taken into consideration. The aim of this study is to analyse the antipassive construction both from semantic and syntactic point of view in a crosslinguistic perspective.

Submitted by Daniely Januário (daniely.januario@gmail.com) on 2018-03-02T12:16:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anaelliaparecidanogueiracampos.pdf: 15440844 bytes, checksum: a786f15fa4f523f31128b53fda8765c2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-03-02T12:24:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anaelliaparecidanogueiracampos.pdf: 15440844 bytes, checksum: a786f15fa4f523f31128b53fda8765c2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-02T12:24:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anaelliaparecidanogueiracampos.pdf: 15440844 bytes, checksum: a786f15fa4f523f31128b53fda8765c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-21 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar por meio da estimulação magnética transcraniana (EMT), se a excitabilidade córtico-espinhal durante a preparação motora é afetada pela valência emocional de um estímulo com o qual se irá interagir. Além disso, avaliamos se o efeito da modulação emocional sobre a excitabilidade córtico-espinhal era específica para o músculo diretamente envolvido na tarefa. Dez participantes foram orientados a realizar uma tarefa que incluía duas condições: mover (condição AÇÃO) ou observar (condição NÃO-AÇÃO) objetos com diferentes valências (agradável, neutro e desagradável). A ordem de apresentação das condições e das valências foi aleatória, compreendendo quatro blocos, sendo dois de cada condição. O peso de todos os objetos foi contrabalançado e apresentado dentro de copos transparentes a fim de uniformizar o tipo de preensão manual que os participantes teriam que utilizar para segurá-los. O início de cada tentativa foi marcado pela apresentação do estímulo. Dado a apresentação de cada estímulo, 3s depois um sinal resposta acendia, indicando que o participante deveria mover ou apenas observar, dependendo da condição experimental. O pulso de EMT foi aplicado sobre o córtex motor primário em 500 ou 250 ms antes do sinal resposta, de forma aleatória. O potencial evocado motor (PEM) foi medido através do registro do sinal eletromiográfico dos músculos: primeiro interósseo dorsal (PID) e abdutor do dedo mínimo (ADM). Uma ANOVA para medidas repetidas de três fatores foi utilizada para avaliar o efeito da emoção em cada um dos músculos. Na condição AÇÃO, a ANOVA revelou uma interação condição x valência (p = 0,003) para o músculo PID. A amplitude do PEM foi maior para a categoria desagradável, quando comparado com a neutra e agradável. Além disso, a amplitude do PEM para a categoria agradável foi menor do que a neutra. Não houve efeito significativo da valência na condição NÃO-AÇÃO. Um efeito de valência entre as condições também foi encontrado. A amplitude do PEM para a categoria desagradável foi maior na condição AÇÃO do que na NÃO-AÇÃO. O contrário ocorreu para a categoria agradável, onde a amplitude do PEM foi menor na condição AÇÃO, quando comparado com a NÃOAÇÃO. Para o ADM, não houve efeito significativo entre as categorias emocionais nem entre as condições (p = 0,76). Concluímos que a atividade preparatória que antecede a preensão de um estímulo, medida pela excitabilidade córtico-espinhal, é afetada por seu valor emocional. A modulação emocional sobre a excitabilidade é músculo-específica. / The aim of this study was to examine by means of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) if the corticospinal excitability (CSE) is affected by the emotional valence of the stimulus which with one is about to grab. We also examined if effect of emotional modulation upon CSE is specific to the muscle directly enrolled in the task. Ten participants were instructed to perform a task with two experimental conditions: to grasp (ACTION condition) or just to look (NO-ACTION condition) at objects with different valences (pleasant, neutral and unpleasant). Conditions and valence order were randomly presented within four blocks. Objects were balanced in weight and placed inside transparent cups to prompt a similar grip among trials. Trials began with the stimulus presentation. After stimulus presentation, a go signal was turned on 3 s later indicating that the participant should move or just observe, depending on the experimental condition. TMS was applied over the participant primary motor cortex at 500 or 250 ms before the go signal, randomly. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) were measured by recording the electromyographic signal from first dorsalis interosseous - FDI and abductor digiti minimi - ADM muscles. Tree-way ANOVA was conducted to evaluate the emotional effect for each muscle. In ACTION condition, the ANOVA revealed a condition x valence interaction (p = 0.003) for FDI. The MEP was larger for unpleasant compared to neutral and pleasant category. Also, MEP amplitude for pleasant was lower than neutral category. There was no significant effect for FDI in NO-ACTION condition. Furthermore, a significant valence effect across conditions (ACTION and NO-ACTION) was also found: higher MEP amplitudes were found for the unpleasant category in ACTION condition as compared to NON-ACTION condition. The reverse was true for the pleasant category: lower MEP amplitudes were found in the ACTION as compared to NON-ACTION condition. For the ADM, there was neither a significant effect among emotional categories nor across conditions (p = 0.76). In conclusion, we showed here that the preparatory activity preceding the grasping of a stimulus, as measured by corticospinal excitability, is affected by its emotional value. In other words, our findings show a muscle specific modulation of corticospinal excitability during motor preparation depending on the valence of the stimuli to be grasped.

Abstract In this work an experimental study of size varied, neutral, and free metal clusters using synchrotron radiation excited photoelectron spectroscopy was performed. The combined core-level and valence photoelectron spectroscopic investigation indicates metallic properties for nanoscale Rb, K, Sn, and Bi clusters. In the case of Sn the experimental results suggest a metal-to-insulator transition occurring at the studied size range. In addition to the experimental results the technical implementation of the cluster production set-up is presented and jellium-model-based simulations are compared with the experimental results of the Rb and K clusters.