The engagement of citizens in governmental actives is the future of publicsector reforms. The private sector has already started to leverage onlinetechnology to innovate and to reinvent businesses. The move towards servicesexchange instead of goods exchange is making producers, providersand users cooperate to recognize and exploit value co-creation opportunities.The degree to which collective intelligence is leveraged could be correlatedto the value an initiative generates in the public sector. Thereby open governmentimplies a focus on value co-creation in the public sector. This thesisargues that an important purpose of opening up governments towards citizensand private business is to leverage the potential of value co-creation in asimilar fashion to that already being explored in the private sector. To explorethis phenomenon this thesis addresses the following research question:How can local government use IT services to become more open and leveragethe potential of public value co-creation?Utilizing a design science approach with interpretive philosophical assumptions,the thesis contributes to knowledge on open government and value cocreationby designing artifacts that support open government in the form ofe- and m-services. It also investigates inhibitors of public value co-creationthat may arise from the design of the artifacts.

Digitalization has made it possible for organizations to propose value to their customers through digital services. Meanwhile, due to digital development, the digital divide has increased in society, since many older adults do not know how to use the proposed digital services.   The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges and dilemmas that older adults face within digital services and how organizations can co-create value with older adults to maintain them and attract them as their customers. This study aimed to analyze existing data, but also to embrace new findings, therefore, an abductive approach has been used. Seven interviews were accomplished, one with the head of sales development at our case organization Skånetrafiken, and six interviews with older adults, who contributed with their thoughts about the digitalization, digital services, and value.   The digital divide does not only depend on the digitalization but also that older adults feel forgotten as customers since they do not follow with the digital development, which leads to older adults not knowing how to use digital services. Organizations may co-create value with older adults through a change of mindset, education, information, and interaction. Moreover, this may lead to that organizations attract and maintain older adults as their customers, meanwhile minimize the digital divide.   The context of this study has a few limitations that may affect trustworthiness. Firstly, only one region was taken into consideration. Secondly, this study could have contained more participants in interviews with older adults. Lastly, due to Covid-19, there was no possibility of having physical interviews, which set limits for reading body language and facial expressions. However, future researchers may consider these limitations and hopefully can contribute to more research on this widespread topic.   Although the findings are related to the cases of older adults and Skånetrafiken, this study contributes with original insights into the field of the digital divide, older adults, and value co-creation.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第20149号 / 経博第547号 / 新制||経||280(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 原 良憲, 教授 若林 靖永, 准教授 WANG,Yingyan / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to advance the understanding of what enablers and risks become evident in value co-creation and how they affect value proposition development. To fulfill this research purpose, the following research questions were derived: RQ1: What are the enablers that become evident during value co-creation in an IT context?, RQ2a: What are the risks that become evident during value co-creation in an IT context?, and RQ2b: How can IT service providers mitigate these risks during value proposition development? Method – The study is an exploratory inductive single case study of a specific business environment that revolves around related services in the IT industry. In total, six organizations and one expert, all of whom have knowledge of the situation of inquiry, participated in the study. The data collection was conducted in three different waves of semi-structured interviews. In total, 27 interviews were held, and results were derived using a combination of the Gioia analysis and thematic analysis. Findings – The findings from the study is a framework illustrating the enablers, risks, and mitigating actions in value co-creation during value proposition development. The most critical antecedent enablers are transparency, goal congruence, and customer involvement. The most prominent risks are organizational transformation, measuring instruments, and juridical. The most important actions are change management and continuous evaluation. Theoretical and practical implications – The study contributes with insights into the scarce literature on value co-creation and digital servitization by empirically clarifying the key aspects that orchestrate the value co-creation process. Our framework assists practitioners to better evaluate if they have the abilities required to conduct specific value co-creation activities. Limitations and future research – The study is limited by a single case study of a specific business environment by adopting a B2B perspective. Hence, future studies are recommended to extend and validate our findings in other industrial settings. / Syfte – Syftet med denna studie är att utöka förståelsen för vilka möjliggörare och risker som blir centrala inom värdesamskapande och hur dessa påverkar framtagandet av värdeerbjudanden. För att uppfylla syftet härleddes följande forskningsfrågor: RQ1: Vilka är de möjliggörare som blir uppenbara vid gemensamt värdeskapande inom ett IT-sammanhang?, RQ2a: Vilka är de risker som blir centrala vid värdesamskapande inom ett IT-sammanhang?, och RQ2b: Hur kan IT-tjänsteleverantörer mitigera dessa risker vid framtagandet av värdeerbjudanden? Metod – Studien genomfördes som en explorativ induktiv enskild fallstudie inom en specifik affärsmiljö som kretsar kring relaterade tjänster inom IT-branschen. Totalt deltog sex organisationer och en ämnesexpert i studien, varav alla har kunskap inom det undersökta området. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i tre olika vågor av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Totalt genomfördes 27 intervjuer och resultaten analyserades med en kombination av Gioia analys och tematisk analys. Resultat – Resultatet av studien är ett ramverk som illustrerar möjliggörare, risker och mitigerande åtgärder inom kontexten av värdesamskapande under utvecklingen av värdeerbjudanden. De mest kritiska möjliggörarna är transparens, målöverensstämmelse och kundinvolvering. De mest framträdande riskerna är organisatorisk transformation, mätinstrument och juridiska. De viktigaste åtgärderna är förändringsledning och kontinuerlig utvärdering. Teoretiska och praktiska implikationer – Denna studie bidrar med insikter till den bristande litteraturen inom domänerna värdesamskapande och digital tjänstefiering genom att empiriskt klargöra de viktigaste aspekterna som utgör den värdesamskapande processen. Vårt ramverk hjälper utövare av värdesamskapande samarbeten att utvärdera om de har de förmågor som krävs för att genomföra specifika värdesamskapande aktiviteter. Begränsningar och framtida forskning – Studien är begränsad till att undersöka en specifik affärsmiljö inom ett B2B-perspektiv genom en enskild fallstudie. Därför rekommenderas framtida studier att utvidga och validera resultaten inom andra industriella kontexter.

Construction has major environmental, social and economic impacts. Improving sustainability both during and after the construction process is widely discussed among a slew of practitioners, governments and researchers. Construction clients, such as housing developers, are considered key actors for change and innovation because of their position to set requirements when procuring construction projects. The process of developing project requirements has therefore mainly been studied during the construction clients’ procurement process. At the same time, municipalities use their position as land owners to drive sustainable development. Land allocation agreements allow municipalities to set project-specific sustainability requirements for construction projects on municipal land. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how municipal sustainability requirements affect housing developers when planning and designing their projects. The research is based on a single empirical case study of an urban development programme comprising multiple parallel and sequential housing construction projects. In this study, the municipality’s and housing developers’ perspectives are explored. The results demonstrate that the housing developers perceive several barriers to implementing municipal sustainability requirements. The three main barriers that were identified are reduced flexibility coupled with uncertainty, conflicting interests coupled with reduced autonomy and interdependencies, and a lack of trust and transparency coupled with interdependencies. The municipal sustainability requirements are initially developed by the municipality for the land allocation agreement. They are then co-developed further by the municipality and the housing developers together through negotiations before being finalised in conjunction with the developers’ procurement process. The study is focused on the period following the housing developers’ signing of land allocation agreements with the municipality and before starting their procurement process. During this period, the housing developers attempt to negotiate municipal sustainability requirements that they anticipate will increase costs, risk and uncertainty and decrease the value of their final product. Negotiations between the housing developers and the municipality can be viewed as value co-creation processes stimulated by functional conflict. These findings build on three papers that are included in the thesis. Contributions are made to literature on the role of construction clients and their perceived barriers to implementing and developing sustainable construction solutions and practices and barriers to change in general. Theoretical contributions are also made to literature on value co-creation in construction by illustrating how clients engage in the co-creation of value with municipalities and other clients. Finally, the theoretical link between value co-creation and functional conflict is studied and developed. / Byggandethar stora miljömässiga, sociala och ekonomiska effekter. Hållbar utvecklingbåde under och efter byggprocessen diskuterasblandrepresentanter förindustrin, politikeroch forskare. Byggherrar,till exempel i rollensom bostadsutvecklare, anses vara viktiga aktörer för förändring och innovation på grund av deras positionatt ställa krav vid upphandling av byggprojekt. Processen föratt utveckla projektkrav har därför huvudsakligen studerats under byggherrensupphandlingsprocess. Samtidigt använder kommunersin position som markägare för att driva hållbar utveckling genom att utmana den privata sektorn. Markanvisningargör det möjligt för kommunerna att ställa projektspecifika hållbarhetskravför byggprojekt på kommunal mark. Syftet med denna studieär att undersöka hur kommunala hållbarhetskravpåverkar bostadsutvecklare när de planerar och utformar sina projekt.Resultatenär baseradepå en empirisk fallstudie av ett stadsutvecklingsprojekt innehållandeflera parallella och sekventiella bostadsprojekt. I denna studie undersöks undersöks bådekommunens och bostadsutvecklarnas perspektiv. Resultaten visar att bostadsutvecklarnauppfattar ett antal hinder för att genomföra kommunala hållbarhetskrav. De tre största hindrensom identifierats är minskad flexibilitet i kombination med osäkerhet, intressekonflikteri kombination med minskad autonomi och beroende av andra aktöreroch brist på förtroende och öppenhet i kombination med beroende av andra aktörer. De kommunala hållbarhetskraven utvecklasinitialtav kommunen för markanvisningsavtalen. De utvecklas sedan vidare av kommunen och bostadsutvecklarna tillsammans genom förhandlingar. Slutligen konkretiseras deisamband medbostadsutvecklarnas upphandlingsprocess. Studien fokuserar på perioden frånatt bostadsutvecklarna tecknatmarkanvisningsavtal med kommunen meninnan deras upphandlingav entreprenörer påbörjats. Under denna periodförsöker bostadsutvecklarna förhandla ner de kommunala hållbarhetskrav som de förutser kommer öka deras kostnader, risk och osäkerhetsamtminska värdet på deras slutprodukt. Förhandlingarna mellan bostadsutvecklarna och kommunen kan ses som värdesamskapande processer drivna av funktionella konflikter. Dessa resultat bygger på tre artiklar som ingår i avhandlingen.Bidrag görs till litteraturen ombyggherrensroll och dessupplevda hinder för att implementera ochutveckla hållbara lösningar och praxis och hinder för förändring. Teoretiska bidrag görs också till litteraturenom värdesamskapande inom bygggenom att illustrera hur byggherrarharvärdesamskapandeprocesser tillsammansmed kommuner och andra byggherrar. Slutligen studerasoch utvecklas den teoretiska kopplingen mellan värdesamskapande och funktionell konflikt. / <p>QC 20200507</p>

This study is rooted in the Service Dominant Logic (SDL) theory and explores the phenomenon of value co-destruction, the context being chatbot-mediated customer service, with a focusing on chatbots affiliation with value-co-destruction and on the impacts outsideof the dyadic relationship between the service provider and receiver, described as the broader consumer ecosystem. It is evident that the relationship between businesses and consumers is being revolutionized through the implementation of chatbots, claiming benefits such as improved operational efficiency, and non-time specific service. However, Plé (2017) argues that SDL research is overly focused on value co-creation and not enough on value codestruction, as well as being too narrowly focused on specific factors, therefore more studies are needed in exploring the effects on the broader ecosystem involved. Therefore, this study aims to explore the value co-destruction and its effects on the broader consumer ecosystem. The research was conducted using a qualitative method, through an interpretivist research philosophy to collect data in the form of the subjective and personal experiences of customers. It also utilized an abductive approach to allow for the generation of new insights through combining established knowledge, empirical evidence, and theory to formulate a proposition and interpretation beyond what is initially apparent. Through semi-structured interviews, 9 participants with prior experiences of customer service orientated interactions with chatbots across various industries were conducted. To analyze the data, a thematic analysis was employed where the findings indicate that in chatbot interactions which result in value co-destruction the effects affect a broader number of stakeholders in the consumer ecosystem such as family and friends.

Swedish micro-businesses are encouraged by the government to internationalise and participate in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Yet research on how they should be supported while doing so is thin. Current research on entrepreneurial ecosystems shows that value co-creation breads sustainability, and increased attention is given to intermediary organisations. While scholars stress aligned expectations as key to value co-creation, intermediaries today are basing their actions on what they think businesses need and expect. This study challenges that logic. This study focused on the entrepreneurial ecosystem of New York, specifically looking at Swedish technology startups, intermediaries and investors. Trough semi-structured interviews the study sought to understand how congruent startups’ and intermediaries’ perceptions of challenges during business establishment in NYC are, and also, how they could be aligned. The study employed the framework of Gioia et al. (2012) when distilling challenges from the interviews. The results show congruence in some identified challenges, with a key difference in their temporal approaches. The intermediaries primarily focused on instrumental challenges and initial barriers-to-entry, while the startups (and investors) in higher regard focused on open-ended challenges related to relationships and legitimacy. This was considered proof of intermediaries employing an outdated theoretical perspective on their role as an instrumental broker. The study thus concluded by suggesting an alternative perspective, emphasizing dynamic and situation-based support. / Svenska mikro-företag uppmanas av regeringen att internationalisera tidigt och delta i entreprenöriella ekosystem. Mängden forskning på hur de bäst bör stödjas i detta är dock blygsam. Samtida studier på entrepreöriella ekosystem visar hur kollektivt värdeskapande (eng: value co-creation) föder långsiktig hållbarhet, och uppmärksamhet riktas allt mer åt intermediära organisationer. Även om forskare menar att kongruenta förväntningar är en nyckel till kollektivt värdeskapande baserar intermediärer idag ofta sina handlingar och stöd på vad de tror att företag behöver och förväntar sig. Denna studie utmanar den logiken. Studien fokuserade på New Yorks entreprenöriella ekosystem och undersökte svenska högteknologiska startupbolag, intermediärer och investerare. Genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer sökte studien lära hur kongruenta startups och intermediärer är i sina uppfattningar av utmaningar vid företagsetablering i New York, samt hur dessa kan göras mer samstämmiga för att föda långsiktigt hållbara stödfunktioner Studien nyttjade ett ramverk av Gioia et al. (2012) i destillationen av utmaningar från intervjuerna. Resultaten visar kongruens i vissa identifierade utmaningar, med en tongivande skillnad i dess tidsmässiga förhållningssätt. Intermedärerna fokuserade primärt på instrumentella utmaningar och initiala inträdesbarriärer, medan startups (och investerare) i högre utsträckning fokuserade på mindre tidsbegränsade utmaningar som t.ex. relationer och legitimitet. Detta ansågs vara bevis på hur intermediärer brukar ett daterat teoretiskt perspektiv på sin egen roll som instrumentella mäklare. Studien sammanfattade därför slutligen att ett nytt, mer dynamiskt och situationsbaserat perspektiv på intermediärer och stöd bör välkomnas.

Digitalisering har gjort att många företag behövt anpassa sin verksamhet mot utvecklingen på marknaden. Plattformar, i form av digitala mellanhänder, har i sin tur tagit ett större spelrum genom att erbjuda företag fördelar som bredare kundbas och ökad synlighet för att bli del av deras nätverk. I samband med Covid-19 var restaurangbranschen en av de yrkesgrupper som blev hårdast drabbade, vilket resulterade i att många restauranger valde att ansluta sig till digitala mellanhänder som Foodora, Wolt och Uber Eats för att hålla sina verksamheter vid liv. Som en uppföljning av den ökande användningen undersökte studien hur digitala mellanhänder kan påverka anslutna restauranger i processen för värdeskapande och kundengagemang. Detta då interaktioner med kunder minskar i samband med användningen. Studien genomfördes i form av en fallstudie, där intervjuer utfördes på anställda från en ansluten restaurang samt en anställd från en digital mellanhand för att jämföra upplevelserna. Resultaten visade på att kundengagemang och värdeskapande inom restaurangbranschen kan förekomma vid användning av digitala mellanhänder, men att det främst sker genom återköp och inte via social interaktioner. Restaurangerna kan med andra ord, allt annat lika, bibehålla sin försäljning genom digitala köp. Dock förlorar de värdet som sociala interaktioner kan ge i form av feedback eller rekommendationer till nya kunder.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to advance the knowledge on value co-creation in new product development (NPD) in the context of slow fashion, with specific emphasis on investigating the interest of slow fashion consumers to engage in the NPD process and brands' perspective regarding this. Via exploring the value co-creation phenomena in the slow fashion industry context, this study also intends to apply and discuss the suitability of currently available value co-creation theories for the slow fashion context. Methodology: This research employed an explanatory design with an deductive approach. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied using a self-administered online questionnaire for slow fashion consumers and semi structured interviews with two slow fashion companies. The questionnaire and interview questions were designed according to the subjects that emerged from a theoretical background constructed for the study. Findings: The consumers of slow fashion indicated a large interest for participation in value co-creation (VCC) activities in new product development (NPD), however on a low level of customer empowerment, mainly just giving suggestions and voting on design ideas by the brand. This wasn’t much affected by the customer typology or perceived relationship to the brand, however, the internalised extrinsic motivation lifted the contribution interest slightly. The two interviewed companies indicated to be interested to empower the customers to the same extent as the customers were mainly willing to. The companies saw the possibility to cater better for the customer needs as the main benefit, however, simultaneously they were concerned of the customers’ awareness regarding the garment quality factors or the lead times of the industry. Practical implications: The paper presents the current interest of the slow fashion consumers to participate in in VCC in NPD revealing their customer typology and perceived relationship to a brand as well as their motivations and barriers, which can be utilised by slow fashion brands when considering implementation of VCC in NPD. Originality/Value: The study represents an unexplored area of VCC in NPD research expanding knowledge by investigating the interest of slow fashion consumers to engage in the NPD process and the brands' perspective regarding this.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第24867号 / 経博第674号 / 新制||経||304(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 原 良憲, 教授 山田 仁一郎, 准教授 WANG Tao / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM