O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar e comparar a valva mitral e a valva aórtica e em corações com cardiomiopatia dilatada (CMD) de etiologia isquêmica e idiopática, em relação aos corações humanos normais, buscando identificar variações que possam auxiliar em diagnósticos por imagem e para o tratamento cirúrgico das mesmas. Este estudo analisou 22 corações normais, 15 corações dilatados de etiologia isquêmica e 15 corações dilatados de etiologia idiopática, fixados em formaldeído a 10%. Foram obtidas medidas por meio de fotografias digitais dos corações e, posteriormente, utilizando-se software, foram analisados as distâncias e os perímetros da valva mitral e da valva aórtica, que foram comparadas por meio de testes estatísticos. Nos corações normais, a área da valva mitral foi de 5,44 ± 0,82 cm2 e o perímetro de 8,91 ± 0,57 cm, e nos corações com CMD de etiologia isquêmica e idiopática, a área foi de, respectivamente, 7,38 ± 1,76 cm2 e 7,03 ± 1,44 cm2, e o perímetro foi de, respectivamente, 10,41 ± 1,37 cm e 9,97 ± 1,23 cm. O perímetro de inserção da cúspide anterior da valva mitral, nos corações normais, foi de 3,68 ± 0,52 cm e nos corações com CMD de etiologia isquêmica e idiopática foi de, respectivamente, 3,99 ± 0,86 cm e 3,62 ± 0,78 cm. A menor distância perimetral entre os trígonos fibrosos (porção fibrosa), nos corações normais, foi de 2,06 ± 0,26 cm e nos corações com CMD de etiologia isquêmica e idiopática foi de, respectivamente, 2,64 ± 0,37 cm e 2,34 ± 0,37 cm. Nos corações normais, a área da valva aórtica foi de 3,46 ± 0,66 cm2 e o perímetro de 6,83 ± 0,66 cm. Nos corações com CMD de etiologia isquêmica e idiopática, a área da valva aórtica foi de, respectivamente, 5,22 ± 1,53 cm2 e 3,44 ± 1,33 cm2, e o perímetro de, respectivamente, 8,26 ± 1,24 cm e 6,82 ± 1,37 cm. Nos casos de CMD idiopática e isquêmica, a valva mitral apresentava-se aumentada, tanto na sua área e em seu perímetro, quanto na maior e na menor distância perimetral entre os trígonos fibrosos. Em relação à valva aórtica, apenas nos corações com CMD isquêmica houve aumento estatisticamente significante em sua área e em seu perímetro, enquanto que nos corações com CMD idiopática não houve diferença quando comparados aos corações normais. Há manutenção da proporcionalidade, dos corações normais para os com CMD idiopática e isquêmica, das distâncias entre os trígonos fibrosos. Há evidência de que o aumento da valva mitral e da valva aórtica, quando ocorrem na CMD, se dão de forma independente. / The objective of this work was to study and to compare mitral valve as well as aortic valve in the ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (CMD) in relation to the normal hearts, searching to identify variations that can assist in diagnostic for image and for the surgical treatment of the same ones. This study it analyzed 22 normal hearts, 15 dilated hearts of ischemic etiology and 15 dilated hearts of idiopathic etiology, fixed in formaldehyde 10%. They had been gotten measured through digitalized photographs of the hearts, and, through software, the distances and perimeters of the mitral valve and of the aortic valve had been analyzed, that later they had been compared through statistical tests. In the normal hearts, the area the mitral valve was 5.44 ± 0.82 cm2 and the perimeter of 8.91 ± 0.57 cm. In the hearts with ischemic and idiopathic CMD the area of the mitral valve were, respectively, 7.38 ± 1.76 cm2 and 7.03 ± 1.44 cm2, and to the perimeter it were, respectively, 10.41 ± 1.37 cm and 9.97 ± 1.23 cm. The perimeter of insertion of anterior cusp of mitral valve in the normal hearts was 3.68 ± 0.52 cm, in the hearts with ischemic and idiopathic CMD were, respectively, 3.99 ± 0.86 cm and 3.62 ± 0.78 cm. The lesser length enter the fibrous trigones (fibrous portion) in the normal hearts was 2.06 ± 0.26 cm and in the hearts with ischemic and idiopathic CMD were, respectively, 2.64 ± 0.37 cm and 2.34 ± 0.37 cm In the normal hearts the area of aortic valve was 3.46 ± 0.66 cm2 and the perimeter of 6.83 ± 0.66 cm. In the hearts with ischemic and idiopathic CMD the area of aortic valve were, respectively, 5.22 ± 1.53 cm2 and 3.44 ± 1.33 cm2, and the perimeter of, respectively, 8.26 ± 1.24 cm and 6.82 ± 1.37 cm. In the cases of idiopathic and ischemic CMD, mitral valve is presented increased, as much in its area and its perimeter, how much in the greater and the lesser perimetral distance between the fibrous trigones. In relation to aortic valve, only in the hearts with Ischemic CMD it had significant statistic increase in its area and its perimeter, whereas in the hearts with Idiopathic CMD it did not have difference when compared with the normal hearts. It has maintenance of the proportionality, the normal hearts for the ones with idiopathic and ischemic CMD, of the distances between the fibrous trigones. It has evidence of that the increase of mitral valve and aortic valve, when they occur in the CMD, occurs of independent form.

Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular disease in the adult population. A significant aortic stenosis is a serious condition, and if a symptomatic patient is not operated on, it may in most cases cause death. We have examined how many aortic stenoses that were diagnosed during one year, and a follow-up of the patients was also performed. We found 77 patients with significant aortic stenosis with a mean age of 76±13 years. At the time of follow-up 30 (39%) patients, aged between 29-85 years, had been surgically treated with implantation of a valve prosthesis within 2-23 months after the initial examination. At this initial examination 14 of the 30 patients who later underwent surgery had no symptoms. A coronary bypass operation was also performed on seven patients. Postoperative complications were observed in six patients, but none of them was fatal. At the initial examinations there were 26 (34%) patients with a significant aortic stenosis and symptoms who were not treated surgically. The main reason why these patients were not operated was high age, unwillingness, or severe left ventricular dysfunction. This study indicates the importance of repeated clinical and echocardiograpic examinations in patients with aortic stenosis. Almost half of the patients, that later underwent surgery, had no symptoms at the initial examination, but later developed symptoms which made surgery necessary. In one third of the patients no surgery was performed in spite of clinical symptoms.

Material handling and logistics are fundamental parts of today’s global societyand forklifts are a crucial part of the material handling process. Making these asefficient and reliable as possible are therefore of great interest. In this master thesis, an effort has been made to improve the control of the hydraulic lowering function of a specific forklift. Today the lowering function iscontrolled through an open-loop control scheme making the control performancesensitive to disturbances and system changes. One disturbance of special interestis the temperature of the hydraulic fluid. The goal of this thesis was therefore todesign a controller with improved robustness as well as improved performance. To solve this a model-based control design approach was used and a nonlineargrey-box model was derived, implemented and validated. The model parameterswere estimated using a nonlinear least-squares optimisation problem. The resulting model captures most of the system dynamics and the model fit is higher than 70% which was deemed good enough to use for control design. A PID controller was designed based on the estimated model and the controllerparameters were optimised. Furthermore, the controller was evaluated in simulations and implemented in a real forklift. The proposed controller was compared to the original controller for various scenarios. The results reveal improvedsteady state behaviour with enhanced temperature robustness compared to theoriginal controller. / Materialhantering och logistik är viktigt för att dagens globala samhälle ska fungera. En grundläggande del i materialhanteringsprocessen är gaffeltruckar, därför är det av intresse att göra gaffeltruckar så effektiva och pålitliga som möjligt. I det här examensarbetet har ett försök gjorts till att förbättra styrningen av den hydrauliska sänkningsfunktionen hos en specifik gaffeltruck. Dagens lösning använder sig av öppen styrning vilket gör reglerprestandan känslig för störningar och systemförändringar. En störning av extra intresse är temperaturen av hydraulvätskan. Målet med detta arbete var därför att designa en regulator med ökad robusthet och prestanda. För att lösa detta har en modellbaserad metod för regulatordesign använts där en olinjär gray-box modell härleddes, implementerades och validerades. Modellparametrarna skattades genom att ställa upp och lösa ett ickelinjärt minsta-kvadrat optimeringsproblem. Den resulterande modellen fångar det mesta av systemdynamiken och modellpassningen till uppmätt data var högre än 70\% vilket ansågs bra nog för att kunna använda modellen som en bas för regulatordesign. En PID regulator designades och regulatorparametrarna optimerades med hjälp av modellen. Regulatorn utvärderades i simuleringar och för att sedan implementeras den på en riktig gaffeltruck. Den föreslagna regulatorn jämfördes med den ursprungliga regulatorn i flera olika testfall. Resultaten visade ett bättre steady-state beteende och ökad robusthet mot temperaturförändringar för den designade regulatorn jämfört med den ursprungliga regulatorn.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13328号 / 論医博第2196号 / 新制||医||1044(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 柳田 素子, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 長船 健二 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13399号 / 論医博第2223号 / 新制||医||1051(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 今中 雄一, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 福田 和彦 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

The automotive thermostat currently contributes significantly to the potential to reduce the output of the exhaust gases. The heart of the modern thermostat is the ball valve assembly which also deals with this master‘s thesis. First of all the principles of the quality of the automotive thermostat are described with the choice of further deeper examined properties. The manufacturing process of a ball element and PTFE sealing ring is described. Subsequently the problem of increased production of nonconforming products in production is studied focusing on the surface texture of teflon ring and shape analysis of the ball element. Finally a recommendation for practice with regard to the reduction of additional costs associated with poorly manufactured part is created and further action on this issue is recommended.

The main aim of this thesis is the analysis of influence of inlet valve opening length and compression ratio on performance and thermodynamic parameters of Miller cycle using GT-SUITE software. Next step was an optimization of inlet and exhaust valve timing with goal of increasing motor effective power. For chosen option was designed cam shaft with regard of kinematic and dynamic magnitude courses.

The clinical features in six patients with mitral insufficiency due to chordae tendineae have been. The patients in whom the etiology was not known did not become symptomatic till they were past 40, although a murmur had been present for several years. Pulmonary edema or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea were the initial symptoms in a number of these patients, preceding the more usual shortness of breath with exertion. The auscultatory and phonocardiographic features are specific. On fluoroscopy readily recognizable paradoxical pulsation of the left atrium was present in some of them. At cardiac catheterization a tall left atrial “v” wave with peak pressure as high as or higher than the peak pressure in the pulmonary artery was constantly found. In a patient with mitral insufficiency where the murmur is harsh and accompanied by a thrill in the fourth intercostal space near the left sternal border and in whom an ejection type systolic murmur is heard unaccompanied by the slow rising pulse of aortic stenosis, the possibility of mitral insufficiency due to ruptured chordae tendineae should be considered.

This diploma thesis deals with investigation of dynamic straining valve OHV for four-valve head diesel engine Zetor 1505 – 90 kW. The calculation is performed analytically in mathematic software MathCad and MBS software ADAMS/Engine 2005. Also in this diploma thesis is from results obtained from MBS system perfomed stressed analysis valve_rocker arm gear divorce method final elements (MKP) in program ANSYS 10.