This work outlines a possible technique for identifying webpages that contain product  specifications. Using support vector machines a product web page classifier was constructed and tested with various settings. The final result for this classifier ended up being 0.958 in precision and 0.796 in recall for product pages. The scores imply that the method could be considered a valid technique in real world web classification tasks if additional features and more data were made available.

A Machine Learning approach for error recovery in an industrial robot for the plastic mold industry isproposed in this master thesis project. The goal was to improve the present error recovery method byproviding a learning algorithm to the system instead of using the traditional algorithm-based control.The chosen method was the Support Vector Machine (SVM) due to the robustness and the goodgeneralization performance in real-world applications. Furthermore, SVM generates good classifierseven with a minimal number of training examples. In production, there will be no need for a humanoperator to train the SVM with hundreds or thousands of training examples to achieve goodgeneralization. The advantage with SVM is that good accuracy can be achieved with only a couple oftraining examples if the training examples are well designed.Firstly, the algorithm proposed was evaluated experimentally. The experiments consisted of correcthandling of classification performance on training examples, which was a hand-coded data set createdwith defined in- and output signals. Secondly, the results from the experiments were tested in asimulated environment. By using only a few training examples the SVM reached perfect performance.In conclusion, SVM is a good tool for classification and a suitable method for error recovery on theindustrial robot for the plastic mold industry. / En maskininlärningsstrategi för felhantering på industrirobotar inom plastformindustrin presenteras idetta examensarbete. Målet var att förbättra den nuvarande felhanteringen genom att applicera eninlärningsalgoritm istället för det traditionella förprogrammerade systemet till roboten. Den valdametoden är Support Vector Machine (SVM), då SVM är en robust metod som ger bra prestanda iverkliga tillämpningar. SVM genererar bra klassificerare även med ett minimalt antal träningsexempel.Fördelen med SVM är att god precision kan uppnås med bara ett par träningsexempel förutsatt attträningsexemplen är väldesignade. Detta betyder att operatörerna i produktionen inte behöver tränahundratals eller tusentals träningsexempel med SVM för att uppnå en god generalisering.I projektet utvärderasdes SVM metoden experimentellt varefter den testades i ett simuleringsprogram.Resultatet visade att SVM metoden gav en perfekt precision med hjälp av endast ett fåtal träningsdata.En slutsats från denna studie är att SVM är en bra metod för klassificering och lämplig för felhanteringpå industrirobotar inom plastindustrin.

We investigated the advantage of combining RGB images with depth data to get more robust object classifications and detections using pre-trained deep convolutional neural networks. We relied upon the raw images from publicly available datasets captured using Microsoft Kinect cameras. The raw images varied in size, and therefore required resizing to fit our network. We designed a resizing method called "bleeding edge" to avoid distorting the objects in the images. We present a novel method of interpolating the missing depth pixel values by comparing to similar RGB values. This method proved superior to the other methods tested. We showed that a simple colormap transformation of the depth image can provide close to state-of-art performance. Using our methods, we can present state-of-art performance on the Washington Object dataset and we provide some results on the Washington Scenes (V1) dataset. Specifically, for the detection, we used contours at different thresholds to find the likely object locations in the images. For the classification task we can report state-of-art results using only RGB and RGB-D images, depth data alone gave close to state-of-art results. For the detection task we found the RGB only detector to be superior to the other detectors.

In this thesis we present a new way of extracting relevant data from texts. We use the method presented in the paper by Patwardhan and Rilo (2007), with improvements of our own. Our approach modifes the input to the support vector machine, to construct a self-trained relevant sentence classi er. This classffer is used to identify relevant sentences on the MUC-4 terrorism corpus.We modify the input by removing stopwords, converting words to its stem and only using words that occur at least three times in the corpus. We also changed how each word is weighted, using TF x IDF as weighting function. By using the relevant sentence classiffer together with domain relevant extraction patterns, we achieved higher performance on the MUC-4 terrorism corpus than the original model.

Among the elderly, falling represents a major threat to the individual health, and is considered as a major source of morbidity and mortality. In Sweden alone, three elderly are lost each day in accidents related to falling. The elderly who survive the fall are likely to be suffering from decreased quality of life. As the percentage of elderly increase in the population worldwide, the need for preventive methods and tools will grow drastically in order to deal with the increasing health-care costs. This report is the result of a conceptual study where an algorithm for individualized motion monitoring and pre-impact fall detection is developed. The algorithm learns the normal state of the wearer in order to detect anomalous events such as a fall. Furthermore, this report presents the requirements and issues related to the implementation of such a system. The result of the study is presented as a comparison between the individualized system and a more generalized fall detection system. The conclusion is that the presented type of algorithm is capable of learning the user behaviour and is able to detect a fall before the user impacts the ground, with a mean lead time of 301ms. / Bland äldre är risken för att drabbas av fallrelaterade skador överhängande, ofta med svåra fysiska skador och psykiska effekter som följd. Med en ökande andel äldre i befolkningsmängden beräknas även samhällets kostnad för vård att stiga. Genom aktiva samt preventiva åtgärder kan graden av personligt lidande och fallre- laterade samhällskostnader reduceras. Denna rapport är resultatet av en konceptuell studie där en algoritm för aktiv, individanpassad falldetektion utvecklats. Algoritmen lär sig användarens normala rörelsemönster och skall därefter särskilja dessa från onormala rörelsemönster. Rapporten beskriver de krav och frågeställningar som är relevanta för utvecklingen av ett sådant system. Vidare presenteras resultatet av studien i form av en jämförelse mellan ett individanpassat och generellt system. Resultatet av studien visar att algoritmen kan lära sig användarens vanliga rörelsemönster och därefer särskilja dessa från ett fall, i medelvärde 301ms innan användaren träffar marken.

Due to the rapidly increasing prominence of Artificial Intelligence in the last decade and the advancements in technology such as processing power and data storage, there has been increased interest in applying machine learning algorithms to time series prediction problems. There are many machine learning algorithms that can be used for time series prediction problems but selecting an algorithm can be challenging due to algorithms not being suitable to all types of datasets. This research investigates and evaluates machine learning algorithms that can be used for time series prediction. Experiments were carried out using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Regressor (SVR) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithms on eight datasets. An empirical analysis was carried out by applying each machine learning algorithm to the selected datasets. A critical comparison of the algorithm performance was carried out using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), the Mean Squared Error (MSE), the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and the Mean Absolute Scaled Error (MASE). The second experiment focused on evaluating the stability and robustness of the optimal models identified in the first experiment. The key dataset characteristics identified; were the dataset size, stationarity, trend and seasonality. It was found that the LSTM performed the best for majority of the datasets, due to the algorithm's ability to deal with sequential dependency. The performance of the ANN and SVR were similar for datasets with trend and seasonality, while the LSTM overall proved superior to the aforementioned algorithms. The LSTM outperformed the ANN and SVR due to its ability to handle temporal dependency. However, due to its stochastic nature, the LSTM and ANN algorithms can have poor stability and robustness. In this regard, the LSTM was found to be a more robust algorithm than the ANN and SVR.

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) are common obstetrical complications, often with pathological features of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) in the placenta. Current placental clinical pathology methods involve a manual visual examination of histology sections, a practice that can be resource-intensive and demonstrate moderate-to-poor inter-pathologist agreement on diagnostic outcomes, dependant on the degree of pathologist sub-specialty training. Methods: This thesis aims to apply different machine learning (ML) feature extraction methods to classify digital images of placental histopathology specimens, collected from PE, FGR, PE + FGR, and healthy pregnancies, according to the presence or absence of MVM lesions. 166 digital images were captured from histological placental specimens, manually scored for MVM lesions (MVM- or MVM+) and used to develop various support vector machine (SVM) classifier models, differing in feature extraction methods. Classification performance of each model was assessed through accuracy, precision, and recall using confusion matrices. Results: SVM models demonstrated accuracies between 47-73% in MVM classification, with poorest performance observed on images with borderline MVM presence, as determined through manual observation. Data augmentation provided little to no improvement to the accuracies. Conclusion: The results are promising for the integration of ML methods into the placental histopathological examination process. Using this study as a proof-of-concept foundation will lead our group and others to carry ML models further in placental histopathology.

In this paper, Natural Language Processing and classification algorithms were used to create a program that automatically can tag different errands that are connected to Fortnox (an IT company based in Växjö) support service. Controlled experiments were conducted to find the best classification algorithm together with different Bag-of-Word pre-processing algorithms to find what was best suited for this problem. All data were provided by Fortnox and were manually labeled with tags connected to it as training and test data. The result of the final algorithm was 69.15% correctly/accurately predicted errands using all original data. When looking at the data that were incorrectly predicted a pattern was noticed where many errands have identical text attached to them. By removing the majority of these errands, the result was increased to 94.08%

This thesis presents two deduplication techniques that overcome the following critical and long-standing weaknesses of rule-based deduplication: (1) traditional rule-based deduplication requires significant manual tuning of the individual rules, including the selection of appropriate thresholds; (2) the accuracy of rule-based deduplication degrades when there are missing data values, significantly reducing the efficacy of the expert-defined deduplication rules. The first technique is a novel rule-level match-score fusion algorithm that employs kernel-machine-based learning to discover the decision threshold for the overall system automatically. The second is a novel clue-level match-score fusion algorithm that addresses both Problem 1 and 2. This unique solution provides robustness against missing/incomplete record data via the selection of a best-fit support vector machine. Empirical evidence shows that the combination of these two novel solutions eliminates two critical long-standing problems in deduplication, providing accurate and robust results in a critical area of rule-based deduplication.

The complex human motor function of speech presents a scientifically interesting, yet relatively unexplored, means to study brain-behavior relationships. Fortunately, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has been proven to characterize soft tissue excellently, has recently become a promising technique for the study of speech. MRI\'s contributions in speech research could lead to new and individualized treatment for speech disorders. Although many studies have shown that MRI can capture information about speech, this project sought to determine what covert information could be disclosed from MRI movies through multivariate analysis. The articulation of phoneme pairs was imaged using a novel sequence, and simultaneously recorded. The data were then analyzed using support vector machine (SVM) analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Determination of classification accuracy through SVM analysis revealed that phoneme pairs were distinguishable from one another consistently over 90% of the time using information found from MRI movie clips of the speech. Additionally, study of the SVM weights demonstrated that SVM could identify regions of the vocal tract that are used to form auditory distinctions between the phonemes. Finally, CCA revealed relationships between images and the frequencies in corresponding audio waveforms; once again, the speech articulators were identified as lending maximum correlation to the sound profile. These promising results demonstrate that multivariate analysis can uncover information that is known to be true concerning speech production. These analyses may perhaps even contribute to existing knowledge and thus provide a platform from which to advance the treatment of speech dysfunction. / Master of Science