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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

System för att upptäcka Phishing : Klassificering av mejl

Karlsson, Nicklas January 2008 (has links)
<p>Denna rapport tar en titt på phishing-problemet, något som många har råkat ut för med bland annat de falska Nordea eller eBay mejl som på senaste tiden har dykt upp i våra inkorgar, och ett eventuellt sätt att minska phishingens effekt. Fokus i rapporten ligger på klassificering av mejl och den huvudsakliga frågeställningen är: ”Är det, med hög träffsäkerhet, möjligt att med hjälp av ett klassificeringsverktyg sortera ut mejl som har med phishing att göra från övrig skräppost.” Det visade sig svårare än väntat att hitta phishing mejl att använda i klassificeringen. I de klassificeringar som genomfördes visade det sig att både metoden Naive Bayes och med Support Vector Machine kan hitta upp till 100 % av phishing mejlen. Rapporten pressenterar arbetsgången, teori om phishing och resultaten efter genomförda klassificeringstest.</p> / <p>This report takes a look at the phishing problem, something that many have come across with for example the fake Nordea or eBay e-mails that lately have shown up in our e-mail inboxes, and a possible way to reduce the effect of phishing. The focus in the report lies on classification of e-mails and the main question is: “Is it, with high accuracy, possible with a classification tool to sort phishing e-mails from other spam e-mails.” It was more difficult than expected to find phishing e-mails to use in the classification. The classifications that were made showed that it was possible to find up to 100 % of the phishing e-mails with both Naive Bayes and with Support Vector Machine. The report presents the work done, facts about phishing and the results of the classification tests made.</p>
162

Forecasting Mid-Term Electricity Market Clearing Price Using Support Vector Machines

2014 May 1900 (has links)
In a deregulated electricity market, offering the appropriate amount of electricity at the right time with the right bidding price is of paramount importance. The forecasting of electricity market clearing price (MCP) is a prediction of future electricity price based on given forecast of electricity demand, temperature, sunshine, fuel cost, precipitation and other related factors. Currently, there are many techniques available for short-term electricity MCP forecasting, but very little has been done in the area of mid-term electricity MCP forecasting. The mid-term electricity MCP forecasting focuses electricity MCP on a time frame from one month to six months. Developing mid-term electricity MCP forecasting is essential for mid-term planning and decision making, such as generation plant expansion and maintenance schedule, reallocation of resources, bilateral contracts and hedging strategies. Six mid-term electricity MCP forecasting models are proposed and compared in this thesis: 1) a single support vector machine (SVM) forecasting model, 2) a single least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) forecasting model, 3) a hybrid SVM and auto-regression moving average with external input (ARMAX) forecasting model, 4) a hybrid LSSVM and ARMAX forecasting model, 5) a multiple SVM forecasting model and 6) a multiple LSSVM forecasting model. PJM interconnection data are used to test the proposed models. Cross-validation technique was used to optimize the control parameters and the selection of training data of the six proposed mid-term electricity MCP forecasting models. Three evaluation techniques, mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and mean square root error (MSRE), are used to analysis the system forecasting accuracy. According to the experimental results, the multiple SVM forecasting model worked the best among all six proposed forecasting models. The proposed multiple SVM based mid-term electricity MCP forecasting model contains a data classification module and a price forecasting module. The data classification module will first pre-process the input data into corresponding price zones and then the forecasting module will forecast the electricity price in four parallel designed SVMs. This proposed model can best improve the forecasting accuracy on both peak prices and overall system compared with other 5 forecasting models proposed in this thesis.
163

Twittersentimentanalys : Jämförelse av klassificeringsmodeller tränade på olika datamängder. / Twitter Sentiment Analysis : Comparison of classification models trained on different data sets.

Bandgren, Johannes, Selberg, Johan January 2018 (has links)
Twitter är en av de populäraste mikrobloggarna, som används för att uttryckatankar och åsikter om olika ämnen. Ett område som har dragit till sig mycketintresse under de senaste åren är twittersentimentanalys. Twittersentimentanalyshandlar om att bedöma vad för sentiment ett inlägg på Twitter uttrycker, om detuttrycker någonting positivt eller negativt. Olika metoder kan användas för attutföra twittersentimentanalys, där vissa lämpar sig bättre än andra. De vanligastemetoderna för twittersentimentanalys använder maskininlärning.Syftet med denna studie är att utvärdera tre stycken klassificeringsalgoritmerinom maskininlärning och hur märkningen av en datamängd påverkar en klassifi-ceringsmodells förmåga att märka ett twitterinlägg korrekt för twittersentimenta-nalys. Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine och Convolutional Neural Network ärklassificeringsalgoritmerna som har utvärderats. För varje klassificeringsalgoritmhar två klassificeringsmodeller tagits fram, som har tränats och testats på två se-parata datamängder: Stanford Twitter Sentiment och SemEval. Det som skiljer detvå datamängderna åt, utöver innehållet i twitterinläggen, är märkningsmetodenoch mängden twitterinlägg. Utvärderingen har gjorts utefter vilken prestanda deframtagna klassificeringmodellerna uppnår på respektive datamängd, hur lång tidde tar att träna och hur invecklade de var att implementera.Resultaten av studien visar att samtliga modeller som tränades och testades påSemEval uppnådde en högre prestanda än de som tränades och testades på Stan-ford Twitter Sentiment. Klassificeringsmodellerna som var framtagna med Convo-lutional Neural Network uppnådde bäst resultat över båda datamängderna. Dockär ett Convolutional Neural Network mer invecklad att implementera och tränings-tiden är betydligt längre än Naive Bayes och Support Vector Machine. / Twitter is one of the most popular microblogs, which is used to express thoughtsand opinions on different topics. An area that has attracted much interest in recentyears is Twitter sentiment analysis. Twitter sentiment analysis is about assessingwhat sentiment a Twitter post expresses, whether it expresses something positiveor negative. Different methods can be used to perform Twitter sentiment analysis.The most common methods of Twitter sentiment analysis use machine learning.The purpose of this study is to evaluate three classification algorithms in ma-chine learning and how the labeling of a data set affects classification models abilityto classify a Twitter post correctly for Twitter sentiment analysis. Naive Bayes,Support Vector Machine and Convolutional Neural Network are the classificationalgorithms that have been evaluated. For each classification algorithm, two classi-fication models have been trained and tested on two separate data sets: StanfordTwitter Sentiment and SemEval. What separates the two data sets, in addition tothe content of the twitter posts, is the labeling method and the amount of twitterposts. The evaluation has been done according to the performance of the classifi-cation models on the respective data sets, training time and how complicated theywere to implement.The results show that all models trained and tested on SemEval achieved ahigher performance than those trained and tested on Stanford Twitter Sentiment.The Convolutional Neural Network models achieved the best results over both datasets. However, a Convolutional Neural Network is more complicated to implementand the training time is significantly longer than Naive Bayes and Support VectorMachine.
164

System för att upptäcka Phishing : Klassificering av mejl

Karlsson, Nicklas January 2008 (has links)
Denna rapport tar en titt på phishing-problemet, något som många har råkat ut för med bland annat de falska Nordea eller eBay mejl som på senaste tiden har dykt upp i våra inkorgar, och ett eventuellt sätt att minska phishingens effekt. Fokus i rapporten ligger på klassificering av mejl och den huvudsakliga frågeställningen är: ”Är det, med hög träffsäkerhet, möjligt att med hjälp av ett klassificeringsverktyg sortera ut mejl som har med phishing att göra från övrig skräppost.” Det visade sig svårare än väntat att hitta phishing mejl att använda i klassificeringen. I de klassificeringar som genomfördes visade det sig att både metoden Naive Bayes och med Support Vector Machine kan hitta upp till 100 % av phishing mejlen. Rapporten pressenterar arbetsgången, teori om phishing och resultaten efter genomförda klassificeringstest. / This report takes a look at the phishing problem, something that many have come across with for example the fake Nordea or eBay e-mails that lately have shown up in our e-mail inboxes, and a possible way to reduce the effect of phishing. The focus in the report lies on classification of e-mails and the main question is: “Is it, with high accuracy, possible with a classification tool to sort phishing e-mails from other spam e-mails.” It was more difficult than expected to find phishing e-mails to use in the classification. The classifications that were made showed that it was possible to find up to 100 % of the phishing e-mails with both Naive Bayes and with Support Vector Machine. The report presents the work done, facts about phishing and the results of the classification tests made.
165

Machine learning spatial appliquée aux images multivariées et multimodales / Spatial machine learning applied to multivariate and multimodal images

Franchi, Gianni 21 September 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur la statistique spatiale multivariée et l’apprentissage appliqués aux images hyperspectrales et multimodales. Les thèmes suivants sont abordés :Fusion d'images :Le microscope électronique à balayage (MEB) permet d'acquérir des images à partir d'un échantillon donné en utilisant différentes modalités. Le but de ces études est d'analyser l’intérêt de la fusion de l'information pour améliorer les images acquises par MEB. Nous avons mis en œuvre différentes techniques de fusion de l'information des images, basées en particulier sur la théorie de la régression spatiale. Ces solutions ont été testées sur quelques jeux de données réelles et simulées.Classification spatiale des pixels d’images multivariées :Nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche pour la classification de pixels d’images multi/hyper-spectrales. Le but de cette technique est de représenter et de décrire de façon efficace les caractéristiques spatiales / spectrales de ces images. Ces descripteurs multi-échelle profond visent à représenter le contenu de l'image tout en tenant compte des invariances liées à la texture et à ses transformations géométriques.Réduction spatiale de dimensionnalité :Nous proposons une technique pour extraire l'espace des fonctions en utilisant l'analyse en composante morphologiques. Ainsi, pour ajouter de l'information spatiale et structurelle, nous avons utilisé les opérateurs de morphologie mathématique. / This thesis focuses on multivariate spatial statistics and machine learning applied to hyperspectral and multimodal and images in remote sensing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this thesis the following topics are considered:Fusion of images:SEM allows us to acquire images from a given sample using different modalities. The purpose of these studies is to analyze the interest of fusion of information to improve the multimodal SEM images acquisition. We have modeled and implemented various techniques of image fusion of information, based in particular on spatial regression theory. They have been assessed on various datasets.Spatial classification of multivariate image pixels:We have proposed a novel approach for pixel classification in multi/hyper-spectral images. The aim of this technique is to represent and efficiently describe the spatial/spectral features of multivariate images. These multi-scale deep descriptors aim at representing the content of the image while considering invariances related to the texture and to its geometric transformations.Spatial dimensionality reduction:We have developed a technique to extract a feature space using morphological principal component analysis. Indeed, in order to take into account the spatial and structural information we used mathematical morphology operators
166

Evaluation automatique des états émotionnels et dépressifs : vers un système de prévention des risques psychosociaux / Automatic evaluation of emotional and depressive states : towards a prevention system for psychosocial risks

Cholet, Stéphane 17 June 2019 (has links)
Les risques psychosociaux sont un enjeu de santé publique majeur, en particulier à cause des troubles qu'ils peuvent engendrer : stress, changements d'humeurs, burn-out, etc. Bien que le diagnostic de ces troubles doive être réalisé par un professionel, l'Affective Computing peut apporter une contribution en améliorant la compréhension des phénomènes. L'Affective Computing (ou Informatique Affective) est un domaine pluridisciplinaire, faisant intervenir des concepts d'Intelligence Artificielle, de psychologie et de psychiatrie, notamment. Dans ce travail de recherche, on s'intéresse à deux éléments pouvant faire l'objet de troubles : l'état émotionnel et l'état dépressif des individus.Le concept d'émotion couvre un très large champ de définitions et de modélisations, pour la plupart issues de travaux en psychiatrie ou en psychologie. C'est le cas, par exemple, du circumplex de Russell, qui définit une émotion comme étant la combinaison de deux dimensions affectives, nommées valence et arousal. La valence dénote le caractère triste ou joyeux d'un individu, alors que l'arousal qualifie son caractère passif ou actif. L'évaluation automatique des états émotionnels a suscité, dans la dernière décénie, un regain d'intérêt notable. Des méthodes issues de l'Intelligence Artificielle permettent d'atteindre des performances intéressantes, à partir de données capturées de manière non-invasive, comme des vidéos. Cependant, il demeure un aspect peu étudié : celui des intensités émotionnelles, et de la possibilité de les reconnaître. Dans cette thèse, nous avons exploré cet aspect au moyen de méthodes de visualisation et de classification pour montrer que l'usage de classes d'intensités émotionnelles, plutôt que de valeurs continues, bénéficie à la fois à la reconnaissance automatique et à l'interprétation des états.Le concept de dépression connaît un cadre plus strict, dans la mesure où c'est une maladie reconnue en tant que telle. Elle atteint les individus sans distinction d'âge, de genre ou de métier, mais varie en intensité ou en nature des symptômes. Pour cette raison, son étude tant au niveau de la détection que du suivi, présente un intérêt majeur pour la prévention des risques psychosociaux.Toutefois, son diagnostic est rendu difficile par le caractère parfois anodin des symptômes et par la démarche souvent délicate de consulter un spécialiste. L'échelle de Beck et le score associé permettent, au moyen d'un questionnaire, d'évaluer la sévérité de l'état dépressif d'un individu. Le système que nous avons développé est capable de reconnaître automatiquement le score dépressif d'un individu à partir de vidéos. Il comprend, d'une part, un descripteur visuel spatio-temporel bas niveau qui quantifie les micro et les macro-mouvements faciaux et, d'autre part, des méthodes neuronales issues des sciences cognitives. Sa rapidité autorise des applications de reconnaissance des états dépressifs en temps réel, et ses performances sont intéressantes au regard de l'état de l'art. La fusion des modalités visuelles et auditives a également fait l'objet d'une étude, qui montre que l'utilisation de ces deux canaux sensoriels bénéficie à la reconnaissance des états dépressifs.Au-delà des performances et de son originalité, l'un des points forts de ce travail de thèse est l'interprétabilité des méthodes. En effet, dans un contexte pluridisciplinaire tel que celui posé par l'Affective Computing, l'amélioration des connaissances et la compréhension des phénomènes étudiés sont des aspects majeurs que les méthodes informatiques sous forme de "boîte noire" ont souvent du mal à appréhender. / Psychosocial risks are a major public health issue, because of the disorders they can trigger : stress, mood swings, burn-outs, etc. Although propoer diagnosis can only be made by a healthcare professionnel, Affective Computing can make a contribution by improving the understanding of the phenomena. Affective Computing is a multidisciplinary field involving concepts of Artificial Intelligence, psychology and psychiatry, among others. In this research, we are interested in two elements that can be subject to disorders: the emotional state and the depressive state of individuals.The concept of emotion covers a wide range of definitions and models, most of which are based on work in psychiatry or psychology. A famous example is Russell's circumplex, which defines an emotion as the combination of two emotional dimensions, called valence and arousal. Valence denotes an individual's sad or joyful character, while arousal denotes his passive or active character. The automatic evaluation of emotional states has generated a significant revival of interest in the last decade. Methods from Artificial Intelligence allow to achieve interesting performances, from data captured in a non-invasive manner, such as videos. However, there is one aspect that has not been studied much: that of emotional intensities and the possibility of recognizing them. In this thesis, we have explored this aspect using visualization and classification methods to show that the use of emotional intensity classes, rather than continuous values, benefits both automatic recognition and state interpretation.The concept of depression is more strict, as it is a recognized disease as such. It affects individuals regardless of age, gender or occupation, but varies in intensity or nature of symptoms. For this reason, its study, both at the level of detection and monitoring, is of major interest for the prevention of psychosocial risks.However, his diagnosis is made difficult by the sometimes innocuous nature of the symptoms and by the often delicate process of consulting a specialist. The Beck's scale and the associated score allow, by means of a questionnaire, to evaluate the severity of an individual's state of depression. The system we have developed is able to automatically recognize an individual's depressive score from videos. It includes, on the one hand, a low-level visual spatio-temporal descriptor that quantifies micro and macro facial movements and, on the other hand, neural methods from the cognitive sciences. Its speed allows applications for real-time recognition of depressive states, and its performance is interesting with regard to the state of the art. The fusion of visual and auditory modalities has also been studied, showing that the use of these two sensory channels benefits the recognition of depressive states.Beyond performance and originality, one of the strong points of this thesis is the interpretability of the methods. Indeed, in a multidisciplinary context such as that of Affective Computing, improving knowledge and understanding of the studied phenomena is a key point that usual computer methods implemeted as "black boxes" can't deal with.
167

Categorization of Swedish e-mails using Supervised Machine Learning / Kategorisering av svenska e-postmeddelanden med användning av övervakad maskininlärning

Mann, Anna, Höft, Olivia January 2021 (has links)
Society today is becoming more digitalized, and a common way of communication is to send e-mails. Currently, the company Auranest has a filtering method for categorizing e-mails, but the method is a few years old. The filter provides a classification of valuable e-mails for jobseekers, where employers can make contact. The company wants to know if the categorization can be performed with a different method and improved. The degree project aims to investigate whether the categorization can be proceeded with higher accuracy using machine learning. Three supervised machine learning algorithms, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Decision Tree, have been examined, and the algorithm with the highest results has been compared with Auranest's existing filter. Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 score have been used to determine which machine learning algorithm received the highest results and in comparison, with Auranest's filter. The results showed that the supervised machine learning algorithm SVM achieved the best results in all metrics. The comparison between Auranest's existing filter and SVM showed that SVM performed better in all calculated metrics, where the accuracy showed 99.5% for SVM and 93.03% for Auranest’s filter. The comparative results showed that accuracy was the only factor that received similar results. For the other metrics, there was a noticeable difference. / Dagens samhälle blir alltmer digitaliserat och ett vanligt kommunikationssätt är att skicka e-postmeddelanden. I dagsläget har företaget Auranest ett filter för att kategorisera e-postmeddelanden men filtret är några år gammalt. Användningsområdet för filtret är att sortera ut värdefulla e-postmeddelanden för arbetssökande, där kontakt kan ske från arbetsgivare. Företaget vill veta ifall kategoriseringen kan göras med en annan metod samt förbättras. Målet med examensarbetet är att undersöka ifall filtreringen kan göras med högre träffsäkerhet med hjälp av maskininlärning. Tre övervakade maskininlärningsalgoritmer, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM) och Decision Tree, har granskats och algoritmen med de högsta resultaten har jämförts med Auranests befintliga filter. Träffsäkerhet, precision, känslighet och F1-poäng har använts för att avgöra vilken maskininlärningsalgoritm som gav högst resultat sinsemellan samt i jämförelse med Auranests filter. Resultatet påvisade att den övervakade maskininlärningsmetoden SVM åstadkom de främsta resultaten i samtliga mätvärden. Jämförelsen mellan Auranests befintliga filter och SVM visade att SVM presterade bättre i alla kalkylerade mätvärden, där träffsäkerheten visade 99,5% för SVM och 93,03% för Auranests filter. De jämförande resultaten visade att träffsäkerheten var den enda faktorn som gav liknande resultat. För de övriga mätvärdena var det en märkbar skillnad.
168

Predicting the threshold grade for university admission through Machine Learning Classification Models / Förutspå tröskelvärdet för universitetsantagningsbetyg genom klassificeringsmodeller inom maskininlärning

Almawed, Anas, Victorin, Anton January 2023 (has links)
Higher-level education is very important these days, which can create very high thresholds for admission on popular programs on certain universities. In order to know what grade will be needed to be admitted to a program, a student can look at the threshold from previous years. We explored whether it was possible to generate accurate predictions of what the future threshold would be. We did this by using well-established machine learning classification models and admission data from 14 years back covering all applicants to the Computer Science and Engineering Program at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. What we found through this work is that the models are good at correctly classifying data from the past, but not in a meaningful way able to predict future thresholds. The models could not make accurate future predictions solely based on grades of past applicants. / Eftergymnasiala studier är väldigt viktiga numera, vilket kan leda till mycket höga antagningskrav på populära program på vissa universitet och högskolor. För att veta vilket betyg som krävs för att komma in på en utbildning så kan studenten titta på gränsen från tidigare år och utifrån det gissa sig till vad gränsen kommer vara kommande år. Vi undersöker om det är möjligt att, med hjälp av väletablerade, klassificerande Maskininlärnings-modeller kunna förutse antagningsgränsen i framtiden. Vi tränar modellerna på data med antagningsstatistik som sträcker sig tillbaka 14 år med alla ansökningar till civilingenjörs-programmet Datateknik på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. Det vi finner genom detta arbete är att modellerna är bra på att korrekt klassificera data från tidigare år, men att de inte, på ett meningsfullt sätt, kan förutse betygsgränsen kommande år. Modellerna kan inte göra detta endast genom data på betyg från tidigare år.
169

Building Predictive Models for Stock Market Performance : En studie om maskininlärning och deras prestanda

Wennmark, Gabriel, Lindgren, Felix January 2023 (has links)
Today it is important for investors to identify which stocks that will result in positive returns in order for the right decision to be made when trading on the stock market. For decades it has been an area of interest for academics, and it is still challenging due to many difficulties and problems. A large number of studies has been carried out in machine learning and stock trading,where many of the studies has resulted in promising results despite these challenges. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate predictive models for identifying stocks that outperform the Swedish market index OMXSPI. The research utilized a dataset of historical stock data and applied three various machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression and Decision Trees to predict if excess performance was met. With the help of ten-fold cross-validation and hyperparameter tuning the results were an IT-artefact that produced satisfying results. The results showed that hyperparameter tuning techniques marginally improved the metrics focused-on, namely accuracy and precision. The support vector machine model achieved an accuracy of 58,52% and a precision of 57,51%. The logistic regression model achieved an accuracy of 55,75% and a precision of 54,81%. Finally, the decision tree model which was the best performer, achieved an accuracy of 64,84% and a precision of 65,00%.
170

Assessment of a prediction-based strategy for mixingautonomous and manually driven vehicles in an intersection / Utvärdering av en prediktionsbaserad metod för att blanda autonoma och manuella bilar i en korsning

NADI, ADRIAN, STEFFNER, YLVA January 2017 (has links)
The introduction of autonomous vehicles in traffic is driven by expected gains in multiple areas, such as improvement of health and safety, better resource utilization, pollution reduction and greater convenience. The development of more competent algorithms will determine the rate and level of success for the ambitions around autonomous vehicles. In this thesis work an intersection management system for a mix of autonomous and manually driven vehicles is created. The purpose is to investigate the strategy to combine turn intention prediction for manually driven vehicles with scheduling of autonomous vehicle. The prediction method used is support vector machine (SVM) and scheduling of vehicles have been made by dividing the intersection into an occupancy grid and apply different safety levels. Real-life data comprising recordings of large volumes of traffic through an intersection has been combined with simulated vehicles to assess the relevance of the new algorithms. Measurements of collision rate and traffic flow showed that the algorithms behaved as expected. A miniature vehicle based on a prototype for an autonomous RC-car has been designed with the purpose of testing of the algorithms in a laboratory setting. / Införandet av autonoma fordon i trafiken drivs av förväntade vinster i flera områden, såsom förbättring av hälsa och säkerhet, bättre resursutnyttjande, minskning av föroreningar och ökad bekvämlighet. Utvecklingen av mer kompetenta algoritmer kommer att bestämma hastigheten och nivån på framgång för ambitionerna kring autonoma fordon. I detta examensarbete skapas ett korsningshanteringssystem för en blandning av autonoma och självkörande bilar. Syftet är att undersöka strategin att kombinera prediktion av hur manuellt styrda bilar kommer att svänga med att schemalägga autonoma bilar utifrån detta. Prediktionsmetoden som använts är support vector machine (SVM) och schemaläggning av bilar har gjorts genom att dela upp korsningen i ett occupancy grid och tillämpa olika säkerhetsmarginaler. Verklig data från inspelningar av stora volymer trafik genom en korsning har kombinerats med simulerade fordon för att bedöma relevansen av de nya algoritmerna. Mätningar av kollisioner och trafikflöde visade att algoritmerna uppträdde som förväntat. Ett miniatyrfordon baserat på en prototyp av en självkörande radiostyrd bil har tagits fram i syfte att testa algoritmerna i laboratoriemiljö.

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