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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Estudo conformacional e vibracional do tetraetoxisilano (TEOS) e seus produtos de hidrólise

Machado, Edna da Silva 26 July 2013 (has links)
Several studies have long been carried out for inorganic compounds involving a net of SiO chemical bonds. This is due to fact of these chemical bonds be present in high number of many inorganic materials. The formation process of these compounds involving SiO bonds is well-known as sol-gel technology, which give rises to the molecular systems containg the silanol functional group as one of most important intermediate species of the process. Due to major industrial importance of process, a systematic theoretical studied based on DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) methodology was performed to evaluate the conformational and vibrational variation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and its complete and incomplete hydrolysis products. First of all, a conformational analysis was done considering several conformers of silicic acid, Si(OH)4, which was obtained using the following point group symmetry: D2d, S4, C2v e Cs. These structures were investigated by using different rotations for the formation of the potential energy curves, where the most stable geometry was later optimized. These results indicate the S4 conformer as the global minimum structure for complete hydrolysis product,Si(OH)4. At a later time, frequency calculations were performed to investigated the harmonic vibrational spectra of the most stable conformers within the D2d, S4, C2v e Cs symmetry point groups. The obtained results pointed out that the perfil of vibration spectra, between 700-1000 cm-1, shows different characteristics along the decrease of the point group symmetry, which is indicated by the formation of the two active frequency models in C2v and Cs structures. In a second part of this study, a conformational study was carried out to obtain the geometries of the incomplete hydrolysis products of TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4-n(OH)n, withn=1-3. Geometry optimization and vibrational calculations were performed for these structures. The main results are compared with the silicic acid and indicate a hypsocromic shift of vibrational mode Þas SiO as the etoxi group (.OC2H5) is substituted by smaller hydroxil groups (.OH). / Uma ampla serie de trabalhos contendo redes de ligacoes SiO tem sido desenvolvidos nos ultimos anos, pelo fato destas ligacoes estarem presentes em diversos materiais inorganicos. O processo de formacao destas redes SiO e conhecido como tecnologia sol-gel, o qual apresenta moleculas contendo o grupo funcional silanol como uma das mais importantes especies intermediarias formadas.Devido a importancia industrial desse processo, neste trabalho foi abordado um estudo teorico e computacional sistematico sobre a variacao conformacional e vibracional do tetraetoxisilano(TEOS) e seus produtos de hidrolise completa e incompleta, para isso o metodo teorico DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) foi usado.Em um primeiro momento, neste estudo, os diversos conformeros do acido silicico, Si(OH)4, foram obtidos considerando os grupos de simetria D2d, S4, C2v e Cs. Essas estruturas foram investigadas utilizando diferentes criterios de rotacao para a geracao das curvas de energia potencial, que posteriormente, tiveram suas geometrias otimizadas. Os resultados obtidos na analise das curvas de energia potencial bem como os calculos de otimizacao de geometria permitiram-nos identificar a estrutura de grupo pontual S4 como sendo o conformero mais estavel em energia para o produto de hidrolise completa do Si(OH)4. Posteriormente, um estudo vibracional foi realizado para os conformeros mais estaveis de cada grupo de simetria D2d, S4, C2v e Cs. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a aparencia dos espectros de infravermelho, no intervalo entre 700-1000 cm-1, apresentou caracteristicas diferentes no sentido do decrescimo de simetria dos grupos pontuais, provocados pelo desdobramento de alguns modos ativos no infravermelho nos grupos pontuais C2v e Cs. Em um segundo momento,um estudo conformacional foi realizado para se obter as geometrias dos produtos de hidrolise incompleta do TEOS,Si(OC2H5)4-n(OH)n, com n=1-3.Essas geometrias foram otimizadas e, em seguidauma analise espectroscopica foi elaborada para os sistemas molecularesmais estaveis.Os resultados obtidos sao comparados com o acido silicio e mostraram um deslocamento batocromico da frequencia do modo vibracional Þas SiOa medida que grupos etoxi (.OC2H5) vao sendo substituidos por grupos menos volumosos, o hidroxil (.OH).
112

Estudo conformacional e vibracional do tetraetoxisilano (TEOS) e seus produtos de hidrólise

Machado, Edna da Silva 26 July 2013 (has links)
Several studies have long been carried out for inorganic compounds involving a net of SiO chemical bonds. This is due to fact of these chemical bonds be present in high number of many inorganic materials. The formation process of these compounds involving SiO bonds is well-known as sol-gel technology, which give rises to the molecular systems containg the silanol functional group as one of most important intermediate species of the process. Due to major industrial importance of process, a systematic theoretical studied based on DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) methodology was performed to evaluate the conformational and vibrational variation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and its complete and incomplete hydrolysis products. First of all, a conformational analysis was done considering several conformers of silicic acid, Si(OH)4, which was obtained using the following point group symmetry: D2d, S4, C2v e Cs. These structures were investigated by using different rotations for the formation of the potential energy curves, where the most stable geometry was later optimized. These results indicate the S4 conformer as the global minimum structure for complete hydrolysis product,Si(OH)4. At a later time, frequency calculations were performed to investigated the harmonic vibrational spectra of the most stable conformers within the D2d, S4, C2v e Cs symmetry point groups. The obtained results pointed out that the perfil of vibration spectra, between 700-1000 cm-1, shows different characteristics along the decrease of the point group symmetry, which is indicated by the formation of the two active frequency models in C2v and Cs structures. In a second part of this study, a conformational study was carried out to obtain the geometries of the incomplete hydrolysis products of TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4-n(OH)n, withn=1-3. Geometry optimization and vibrational calculations were performed for these structures. The main results are compared with the silicic acid and indicate a hypsocromic shift of vibrational mode Þas SiO as the etoxi group (.OC2H5) is substituted by smaller hydroxil groups (.OH). / Uma ampla serie de trabalhos contendo redes de ligacoes SiO tem sido desenvolvidos nos ultimos anos, pelo fato destas ligacoes estarem presentes em diversos materiais inorganicos. O processo de formacao destas redes SiO e conhecido como tecnologia sol-gel, o qual apresenta moleculas contendo o grupo funcional silanol como uma das mais importantes especies intermediarias formadas.Devido a importancia industrial desse processo, neste trabalho foi abordado um estudo teorico e computacional sistematico sobre a variacao conformacional e vibracional do tetraetoxisilano(TEOS) e seus produtos de hidrolise completa e incompleta, para isso o metodo teorico DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) foi usado.Em um primeiro momento, neste estudo, os diversos conformeros do acido silicico, Si(OH)4, foram obtidos considerando os grupos de simetria D2d, S4, C2v e Cs. Essas estruturas foram investigadas utilizando diferentes criterios de rotacao para a geracao das curvas de energia potencial, que posteriormente, tiveram suas geometrias otimizadas. Os resultados obtidos na analise das curvas de energia potencial bem como os calculos de otimizacao de geometria permitiram-nos identificar a estrutura de grupo pontual S4 como sendo o conformero mais estavel em energia para o produto de hidrolise completa do Si(OH)4. Posteriormente, um estudo vibracional foi realizado para os conformeros mais estaveis de cada grupo de simetria D2d, S4, C2v e Cs. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a aparencia dos espectros de infravermelho, no intervalo entre 700-1000 cm-1, apresentou caracteristicas diferentes no sentido do decrescimo de simetria dos grupos pontuais, provocados pelo desdobramento de alguns modos ativos no infravermelho nos grupos pontuais C2v e Cs. Em um segundo momento,um estudo conformacional foi realizado para se obter as geometrias dos produtos de hidrolise incompleta do TEOS,Si(OC2H5)4-n(OH)n, com n=1-3.Essas geometrias foram otimizadas e, em seguidauma analise espectroscopica foi elaborada para os sistemas molecularesmais estaveis.Os resultados obtidos sao comparados com o acido silicio e mostraram um deslocamento batocromico da frequencia do modo vibracional Þas SiOa medida que grupos etoxi (.OC2H5) vao sendo substituidos por grupos menos volumosos, o hidroxil (.OH).
113

Description globale de la structure de vibration-rotation de la molécule d'acétylène / Global description of the vibration-rotation structure of the molecule of acetylene

Robert, Séverine 04 June 2009 (has links)
Afin de progresser dans la compréhension de la structure de vibration-rotation de l'acétylène dans son état électronique fondamental, un modèle global a été développé avec succès pour trois de ses isotopologues, permettant d'attribuer de nouvelles données de spectres enregistrés sous diverses conditions expérimentales. L'ensemble des programmes d'analyse rovibrationnelle globale conçus à l'Université Catholique de Louvain par le Pr. A. Fayt et al. ont été utilisés pour répondre aux demandes de collaborateurs tels que les Prs. A. Campargue, A. Jolly ou encore R. Georges dans le cadre de plusieurs problèmes de type spectroscopique, notamment pour des applications astrophysiques. Le modèle global et son pouvoir prédictif mis ainsi à l'épreuve, nous avons démontré la validité de nos jeux de paramètres pour ces trois molécules.<p><p>Concernant l'isotopologue principal, $H^{12}C^{12}CH$, 14 nouvelles bandes ont été mises à jour à partir de spectres enregistrés en CRDS à Grenoble par A. Campargue et al. Une analyse rovibrationnelle globale a été effectuée jusqu'à une énergie de 8600 cm$^{-1}$. 10750 raies ont été ajustées simultanément sur les 12137 attribuées dans la littérature. 266 paramètres ont été déterminés par la méthode de moindres-carrés. La déviation standard sans dimension du fit est de 0.92. La bande $u_{5}$-$u_{4}$, centrée vers 117 cm$^{-1}$ a été simulée. La valeur du moment de transition associé, $ / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
114

SO4 in Cadmium Chalcogenides

Herklotz, Frank, Lavrov, Eduard V., Melnikov, Vladlen V. 11 June 2024 (has links)
A study combining infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy and first-principles theory is presented for a sulfur–oxygen complex in CdSe characterized by IR absorption lines located at 1094, 1107, and 1126 cm-1 (10 K). The properties of the center are compared to a similar species occurring in CdTe that gives rise to two absorption lines at 1097 and 1108 cm-1 (10 K). Temperature- and polarization-sensitive measurements performed on 18O-enriched samples reveal that for both materials the IR absorption lines are due to split ν3 stretch vibrations of a distorted sulfate (SO4) tetrahedron, whereby the local point group of the SO4 complex is reduced to Cs and C3v in hexagonal CdSe and cubic CdTe, respectively. Measurements on the vibrational spectrum of the sulfate species in the spectral range of symmetric stretch (ν1), bend (ν4), and combinationmodes (ν1 þ ν3) are presented. The cation vacancy VCd is discussed as a likely site occupied by SO4 in CdSe.

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