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Sedan 2013 har allt fler börjat använda sig av streamingtjänster för film och TV på internet (Findahl,2014). I takt med att användningen ökar är det viktigt att tjänsterna är välutvecklade och lättillgängliga för användaren. I denna uppsats undersöker vi funktioner på de tre största Video on Demand-tjänsterna (VoD) i Sverige ur ett användarperspektiv. Med hjälp av befintliga teorier och litteratur diskuterar vi användarbarhet och genomför en områdesanalys av de utvalda VoD-tjänsterna. Utifrån analysen har vi gått vidare med tio funktioner för att avgränsa studien. Uppsatsen innehåller två metoder; fokus grupper och enkätundersökning. Resultatet från dessa metoder presenteras i en rankningslista som ska fungera som rekommendation till operatörerna. Slutsatsen som kan dras från resultatet är att en VoD-tjänst som har flera eller alla av funktioner från rankningslistan tillgängliga, kommer ge användare en betydligt bättre användarupplevelse på webbplatsen. / The development of streaming media services has rapidly evolved since 2013 (Findahl, 2014). As the usage of video on demand (VOD) services increases, it becomes more important that the services are well developed and accessible to its users. In this essay we study the functionality of the three most used VOD-services in Sweden, from a user perspective. Using existing theories and literature, we discussusability and conduct a field evaluation, analysing the three VOD services. Based on the conducted evaluation, we decided to move forward with ten features that, we found, were the most useful from a user perspective. It also helped delimit the study. The essay contains two research methods, a questionnaire survey and focus groups. The results from the study are presented in a ranking-list that will serve as a recommendation to the operators of the VOD services. The conclusion we made from the ranking-list is that a VOD service that take most of these functions into account will make for a better user experience.

The video streaming business has grown substantially during the last decades. To optimize the user experience in video streaming, it is important to know how the user satisfaction relates to the technical qualities for the video streaming services, such as bufferings and startup times.  The Net Promoter Score (NPS) is a widely used management tool used in surveys to measure customer satisfaction and loyalty. The users are categorized into three user groups based on a survey question. This thesis investigates whether it is possible to find correlations between the three user groups based on NPS ratings and measured technical qualities from video streams. Initial data exploring through information visualization suggested that the data should be separated into live streams and video-on-demand. Statistical analysis showed that the NPS user groups have no correlations to how long the users are watching the streams, nor to how long the video takes to start. The results showed, that the users watching live streams seem to be more sensitive to lower qualities than those watching video- on-demand. However, this could also be due to the fact that the measured technical qualities during live streams are generally lower. The buffering and the seek time proved to have correlations to the measured user satisfaction, but several other factors such as the actual video content could also have big impacts on the user’s ratings. The users which had experienced more buffering and longer seek times were more likely to rate the service with a lower score, than the average user. / Mängden videor som streamas över Internet har ökat väsentligt under de senaste årtiondena. För att kunna optimera upplevelsen för de som streamar videor är det viktigt för företagen som erbjuder dessa tjänster att veta hur kundnöjdheten relaterar till de tekniska egenskaperna. Dessa kan inkludera faktorer såsom buffring och starttider. Net Promoter Score (NPS) är ett verktyg som används inom många olika branscher för att mäta kundnöjdhet och lojalitet. Användarna delas in i tre grupper beroende på hur de svarar på en enkätfråga. Detta examensarbete undersöker huruvida det är möjligt att hitta korrelationer mellan kundnöjdhet baserad på de tre användargrupperna från NPS-verktyget och uppmätta tekniska kvaliteter från en streamingtjänst. Efter att inledande informationsvisualiseringar påvisade skillnader mellan live-strömmar och video-on-demand har dessa grupper hanterats separat. Statistisk analys visade att de tre NPS-grupperna inte har några korrelationer med starttiden eller hur länge användarna tittar på videor. Resultatet visade även att användarna som tittar på live-strömmar verkar vara känsligare för lägre tekniska kvaliteter än de som tittar på video-on-demand. Detta kan dock även bero på att de uppmätta tekniska egenskaperna under live-strömmarna generellt är lite lägre. Buffringen och söktiden visade sig ha samband med den uppmätta kundnöjdheten, men flera andra faktorer, såsom det faktiska videoinnehållet, kan också ha en inverkan på användarnas betyg. Användarna som hade upplevt mer buffring och längre söktider var mer benägna att ge tjänsten ett lägre betyg än den genomsnittliga användaren.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-18T11:35:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Reinaldo Augusto de Oliveira Ramos.pdf: 4385963 bytes, checksum: 2f3c319e5e8683bc29abfb9359b1a73f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-18T11:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reinaldo Augusto de Oliveira Ramos.pdf: 4385963 bytes, checksum: 2f3c319e5e8683bc29abfb9359b1a73f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo / This research aims to examine and analyze the evolution of the concept of linear television in the digital age and the impact that Netflix TV is provoking with Internet distribution of audiovisual content for streaming services. It intends to check how digital technology changes the transmission and distribution of video services, transforming the relationship between consumers and the traditional television industry. In this new paradigm, we have to understand how this mediation is transforming the experience and the perception of its subscribers, when media are understood as “extensions” of the body, taking also in consideration that hybridization or cross media completely changes the landscape of media industries, at times causing the extinction of these media, as in the case of the telegraph, and more recently of the music industry. Netflix took advantage of the opportunities of this new scenario, providing content in almost every screen. The television industry was slow to move in that direction. In this new scenario, we are witnessing the clash between the analog old TVs, cable and open, and new internetTVs, with Netflix as its greatest exponent and a present threat to the old linear programming model. The conclusion suggests a scenario for the emerging television and possible ways of development for this sector. Authors such as Henry Jenkins (2008), Amanda Lotz (2014), Chris Anderson (2006; 2009), Marshall McLuhan (1964/2005) e Lucia Santaella (2007) are the basis of the theoretical framework / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo de pesquisa examinar e analisar a evolução do conceito de televisão linear na era digital e o impacto produzido pelo serviço Netflix, “televisão por internet”, que distribui conteúdo audiovisual por streaming. Pretende verificar como as mudanças tecnológicas digitais de transmissão e distribuição de conteúdo televisivo vêm transformando as relações entre consumidores e a indústria de televisão tradicional. Sendo este um novo paradigma, trata-se de compreender: (a) como essa mediação vem modificando a experiência e a percepção de seus assinantes e usuários, na medida em que os novos serviços funcionam como “extensões” do próprio corpo; (b) como a hibridização ou cruzamento dos meios muda completamente o panorama das indústrias de mídia, por vezes causando até mesmo sua extinção, como ocorreu com o telégrafo e, mais recentemente, com a indústria fonográfica. A Netflix aproveitou as oportunidades desse novo cenário para disponibilizar seu conteúdo em praticamente todas as telas. Já a indústria de televisão demorou a se movimentar nessa direção. Com esse novo panorama, estamos presenciando o embate entre as antigas tevês analógicas, a cabo e aberta, e as novas tevês por internet, que têm na Netflix seu maior expoente, surgindo como ameaça ao antigo modelo de programação linear. Por fim, discute o cenário para onde caminha a emergente televisão, além das possibilidades de desenvolvimento para esse setor. Autores como Henry Jenkins (2008), Amanda Lotz (2014), Chris Anderson (2006; 2009), Marshall McLuhan (1964/2005) e Lucia Santaella (2007) são utilizados como referencial teórico

Στη διατριβή εξετάζουμε προβλήματα που σχετίζονται με τη μετάδοση δεδομένων με υψηλές απαιτήσεις σε εύρος ζώνης και προτείνουμε λύσεις, αλγόριθμους, τεχνικές βελτίωσης της απόδοσης, και εφαρμογές που τις υλοποιούν. Για την περίπτωση του προβλήματος της μετάδοσης βίντεο κατ' απαίτηση (Video on Demand - VoD), εξετάζουμε το πρόβλημα της αποδοχής ή της απόρριψης αιτήσεων για μετάδοση ταινιών χωρίς να υπάρχει γνώση των μελλοντικών αιτήσεων. Παρουσιάζουμε έναν, άμεσης απόκρισης (online), πιθανοτικό αλγόριθμο χρονοπρογραμματισμού ταινιών που εκμεταλλεύεται την γνώση για την κατανομή των προτιμήσεων των αιτήσεων για ταινίες, και αποδεικνύουμε πως έχει ανταγωνιστικό λόγο (competitive ratio) που φράσσεται άνω από σταθερά. Επίσης, δείχνουμε πως η μέθοδος μας μπορεί να επεκταθεί σε ένα προσαρμοζόμενο αλγόριθμο που δεν γνωρίζει την κατανομή των προτιμήσεων. Επίσης, προτείνουμε έναν τρόπο να εφαρμόσουμε μια υπηρεσία βίντεο κατ' απαίτηση για ένα, βασισμένο στο πρωτόκολλο IP, δίκτυο, με περιορισμένο εύρος ζώνης. Στη συνέχεια, εξετάζουμε ένα σχήμα ελέγχου και διαχείρισης του εύρους ζώνης και παρουσιάζουμε ορισμένες μεθόδους προκειμένου να αυξήσουμε την αποδοτικότητα του συστήματος και την εκμετάλλευση του διαθέσιμου εύρους ζώνης (bandwidth). Εξετάζουμε διάφορες τεχνικές και παρουσιάζουμε πειραματικά αποτελέσματα για την βελτίωση της απόδοσης. Επίσης, σχεδιάζουμε και υλοποιούμε μια υπηρεσία διαχείρισης εύρους ζώνης (Managed Bandwidth Service -- MBS). Τέλος παρουσιάζουμε μια ενοποιημένη προσέγγιση για την μετάδοση υπερμεσικών/πολυμεσικών αντικειμένων, τα οποία παρουσιάζονται με βάση προκαθορισμένα σενάρια παρουσίασης (με χωροχρονικές αλληλοεξαρτήσεις μεταξύ των διάφορων μέσων). Τα υπερμεσικά αντικείμενα δομούνται σύμφωνα με μία γλώσσα σηματοδότησης, μέσω της οποίας διατηρούνται πληροφορίες για τις χωρικές και χρονικές συσχετίσεις. Επίσης, υλοποιούμε ένα τέτοιο σύστημα μετάδοσης, που εφαρμόζουμε για εκπαίδευση από απόσταση. / In this thesis we investigate problems related to the transmission of data with high demands in terms of bandwidth, and we propose solutions, algorithms, techniques to increase performance, and applications that use them. For the case of the online video on demand problem, we investigate the problem of having to accept or reject a request for a movie without knowing the future requests. We present an online movie-scheduling scheme that exploits the knowledge of the distribution of the preference of requests for movies, and is shown to have a competitive ratio bounded above by a constant. We extend our approach by presenting an adaptive randomized scheduler which is not aware of the movie popularities. In the sequel we propose a way to implement a video on demand service over a limited bandwidth/best effort Internet based network. Ιn the sequel, we consider a bandwidth control scheme, and we present some methods to increase the efficiency of the system and the utilisation of the available bandwidth. We consider different techniques and we present experimental results for the increased performance. We, also, design and implement a Managed Bandwidth Service (MBS) . Finally, we present a unified approach for delivering hypermedia/multimedia objects, that are to be presented according to predefined scenarios (with spatial and temporal relationships between the various media). The hypermedia documents are structured using a hypermedia markup language that keeps information of the spatiotemporal relationships among document's media components. We, also, implement such a multimedia transmission system, and apply it to distance learning.

Techn. University, Diss., 2003--Darmstadt.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:51:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo2806_1.pdf: 3483412 bytes, checksum: cab776dc5a3fdf07c8cda900906f6a98 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Aires Moreira, Josilene; Fawzi Hadj Sadok, Djamel. Cache strategies for internet-based video on-demand distribution. 2011. Tese (Doutorado). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 2011.

La thèse compare des approches de politique publique en France, le Royaume Uni et les Etats Unis sur la convergence des services de télécommunications et de télévision-vidéo et formule des recommandations de politique publique. Elle commence par des changements évidents que la convergence projette sur tout l’écosystème TIC et explique comment elle permet de changer la relation entre les opérateurs de télécom et les fournisseurs de contenu. La thèse propose de nouvelles idées dans plusieurs domaines de connaissance liées à la convergence des télécoms et télévision-vidéo, tels que les effets verticaux, les offres groupées, la neutralité du réseau et le rôle des fournisseurs OTT. D’un côté, elle formule des recommandations très précises sur le traitement futur de ces aspects dans le nouvel environnement convergent et, de l’autre côté, fournit un panorama général qui essaie de capter les tendances les plus importantes du phénomène de convergence.Le chapitre introductif formule la question de recherche et les sous-questions. Il établit également la raison pour laquelle ces questions sont pertinentes ainsi que la méthode à utiliser. Le Chapitre 2 sur les développements historiques, décrit les cadres réglementaires et de la concurrence présents et passés, par rapport à la concurrence dans les télécoms et la télévision-vidéo, dans les trois pays.Le Chapitre 3 sur les effets verticaux fournit une analyse comparée des décisions de régulation et du droit de la concurrence dans les services télévision payante et de la vidéo. Il va au delà de l’analyse des décisions des concentrations et inclut toutes les décisions de régulation et antitrust pertinentes de 1996 à 2015. Même si le chapitre couvre aussi une revue de la théorie économique sur les effets verticaux, appliquée aux marchés de la vidéo, il essaie d’identifier les différentes approches des autorités dans l’application de la théorie économique.Le Chapitre 4 porte sur les offres groupées 3-play et 4-play. La première partie se focalise sur la perception des consommateurs des offres groupées. Le chapitre utilise un modèle de prix hédoniques des offres 3-play et 4-play dans les trois pays. Un effort particulier a été fait pour développer des indicateurs de qualité plus sophistiqués pour le composant télévision payante. La deuxième partie porte sur les incitations des entreprises pour vendre des offres groupées en fonction de leurs indicateurs financiers principaux. Cette partie fournit une analyse préliminaire des incitations des opérateurs à fournir des offres groupées.Le Chapitre 5 sur la neutralité du réseau présente les éléments principaux du débat sur la neutralité du réseau. Un chapitre indépendant sur la neutralité se justifie par: i) la pertinence globale du débat sur la neutralité du réseau, ii) l’importance croissante de la fourniture des services de vidéo sur l’Internet, et iii) la condition de la neutralité du réseau comme lien entres les opérateurs de télécom et les fournisseurs de contenu.Le chapitre 6 regarde un des aspects les plus distinctifs de la convergence des services de télécom et de la vidéo: l’émergence des fournisseurs de vidéo online (over-the-top) qui ne sont pas issus des acteurs traditionnels de l’industrie de la télévision ou de la vidéo. La thèse, comme la plupart des autorités de la concurrence, a une perception positive du rôle des OTT comme moteurs de la concurrence et propose que leur développement soit privilégié. Le chapitre essaie d’identifier les barrières principales pour le développement des OTT.Le chapitre final (chapitre 7) résume les conclusions de la thèse et formule des recommandations de politiques publiques, que les pays sont encouragés à évaluer. Ces recommandations résument le contenu des autres chapitres et rajoutent des détails supplémentaires sur les changements législatifs et institutionnels que seraient nécessaires pour les mettre en oeuvre. / This dissertation compares public policy approaches in France, the United Kingdom and the Untied States in relation to convergence between telecommunications and television/video services and puts forward policy recommendations. It starts from the evident changes that convergence is spreading throughout the ICT ecosystem and how it is changing the relationship between telecommunication operators and content providers. The dissertation provides new thinking in a number of areas relating to convergence of telecommunications and television/video services, such as vertical effects, bundling behaviour, network neutrality or the role of OTT video providers. The dissertation aims, on one hand, at formulating very precise recommendation as to how these aspects should be treated in the new convergent environment and, on other hand, at provider a comprehensive view that captures the big picture of the convergence phenomenon.The introductory chapter formulates the research question and sub-questions, why these questions are relevant and the methodology used and Chapter 2 on historical developments describes past and current policy and regulatory frameworks, in relation to competition in telecommunication and television/video services, in the three countriesChapter 3 on vertical effects provides a comparative analysis of competition law and regulatory decision in relation to competition in pay-television/video services. It not only contains merger decisions but also all the relevant regulatory and antitrust decisions between 1996 and 2015. While this chapter also includes to some extent a review of state-of-the-art economic theory on vertical effects, applied to video markets, it aims at identifying the different approaches taken by the authorities in applying economic theory.Chapter 4 addresses bundling of telecommunication and video services, in particular 3-play and 4-play bundles. The first section focuses on customers’ perception of bundled services. This has been modelled through a hedonic price analysis of 3- and 4-play bundles in the three countries. A significant effort has been made to develop more sophisticated quality indicators for this component. The second section focuses on firms’ incentives to sell 3-play communication bundles as a function of their main financial indicators. This section contains a preliminary analysis of operators’ incentives to bundle.Chapter 5 on network neutrality presents the main elements of the network neutrality debate. A standalone chapter on network neutrality is justified based on: i) the global relevance of the network neutrality debate, ii) its importance for the delivery of video services over the Internet and iii) network neutrality’s nature of conceptual link between video and communication services.Chapter 6 examines one of distinctive aspects of convergence of video and telecommunication services: the emergence of online (or over-the-top) video providers which do not come from the traditional television or video industry. This dissertation, as most competition authorities, welcomes the role of OTTs as competition promoters and suggests that the development of these players should be incentivised.The final chapter (Chapter 7) summarises the dissertation’s conclusions and formulates policy recommendations, for countries to consider. These recommendations summarise the content of the rest of the chapters and provide additional details on the legislative and institutional changes that would be needed to implement them.

This paper focuses on the changes in distribution of television content which emerged during the process of convergence between television and digital media. Nowadays it is possible not only to access television broadcasting online, but also to access individual programs through Video on Demand services. The precondition this topic was picked on is that the very existence of such services has a direct impact on the form of today's television broadcasting. Therefore the aim of this paper is to examine and describe alterations which can be found not only in the broadcasting itself but also in receiving of that broadcasting on television screens. The latter can be affected by the existence of HbbTV. The analysis and description of changes in broadcasting and receiving television content in Czech republic are the primary focuses of this paper.

The master’s thesis deals with testing the application protocol HLS and RTSP in JMeter program. The aim of this thesis is to design and implement a test modules for both protocols, which will perform stress tests. The first part of thesis describes the types of stress tests, JMeter program for performance testing and video on demand services. Next chapter describes selected protokols, especially HLS and RTSP, which are used in this thesis. The practical part contains the design and implementation of test modules including test plans. Finally, the results are processed and commented.