Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Andre_Luiz_Radunz.pdf: 2353919 bytes, checksum: 1448629eb86ad56fa1ff43413ca14de1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / In order to reach the strengthening and the development of family agriculture as well as the premise of diversification of the productive sources, there appears as an alternative the cultivation of common vineyards destined to the production of home-grown wine, juices and derivatives. Attempts were made to evaluate the existing relationships among local meteorological variables and handling practices, dry pruning and green pruning and the effects on phenological behavior, productive aspects and on the quality of the cultivated grape under the conditions of the region of Pelotas/RS. For this purpose, a family based agricultural property was selected located in the 8TH district of Pelotas/RS, in which the experiment was carried out and where the experimental delineation was composed for a (2 x 2 x 2) factorial, these being: (Bordô and BRS Violeta) cultivar, period of dry pruning (normal and late) and green pruning (with and without defoliation). Evaluations were carried out during harvest of total soluble solids, of the mass of clusters, of the number of clusters of grapes per cluster and production per plant. Moreover, global solar radiation was measured in each treatment, reflected by the canopy and available at the level of clusters as well as the daily temperature of the vineyards, Results demonstrate that the period of dry pruning affected the production and the accumulation of total soluble solids and on cv. BRS Violeta, only the total soluble solids. When relating the period of dry pruning with defoliation over total soluble solids, these differed only in the treatment with defoliation, being greater in the late period. Defoliation carried out on cv. Bordô reduced the number of grapes per cluster. However, it increased weight of the clusters and presented no differences for the BRS Violeta . Defoliation associated with the normal period increased the production per plant and the number of clusters on Bordô and presented no differences on the cv. BRS Violeta. The results demonstration that the average albedo presented short variation 0,287, 0,280, 0,295, 0,297, 0,304 e 0,287 for the respectively treatments BNC, BTC, BTS, VNC, VTC and VTS, being B e V refer of the cultivars Bordô and BRS Violeta, N and T of the dry pruning and C and S with and without. The cv. BRS Violeta presented greater availability of solar radiation at the level of clusters and higher rate of total soluble solids during harvest when compared with cv. Bordô. The period of dry pruning did not represent difference in the quantity of solar radiation available at the level of clusters but the defoliation propitiated increase in incident radiation a the level of clusters for cv. Bordô and BRS Violeta. Solar radiation available at the level of clusters showed itself related to the accumulation of total soluble solids, being greater when the available radiation was greater on cv. Bordô. / A fim de atingir o fortalecimento e o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar e a premissa da diversificação da matriz produtiva das unidades familiares, tem-se como alternativa o cultivo de videiras comuns destinadas à produção de vinhos coloniais, sucos e derivados. Buscou-se avaliar as relações existentes entre variáveis meteorológicas locais e as práticas de manejo, poda seca e poda verde, e seus efeitos no comportamento fenológico, nos aspectos produtivos e na qualidade da uva cultivada nas condições da região de Pelotas/RS. Para tanto, foi selecionada uma propriedade agrícola familiar localizada no 8º Distrito de Pelotas/RS, na qual foi realizado o experimento, sendo o delineamento experimental composto por um fatorial (2 x 2 x 2), sendo estes: cultivar (Bordô e BRS Violeta); época de poda seca (normal e tardia); e poda verde (com e sem desfolha). Foram realizadas durante a colheita avaliações de sólidos solúveis totais, da massa dos cachos, do número de cachos e de bagas por cacho e da produção por planta. Ainda em cada tratamento foi medida a radiação solar global, refletida pelo dossel e disponível ao nível dos cachos e também a temperatura diária no vinhedo. Os resultados demonstram que a época da poda seca exerceu influência sobre o comportamento fenológico, sobre a necessidade térmica e o número de dias para completar o ciclo. Na cv. Bordô a época da poda seca afetou a produção e o acúmulo de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) e na cv. BRS Violeta apenas o SST. Ao relacionar a época da poda seca com a desfolha, sobre os sólidos solúveis totais, estes diferiram apenas no tratamento com desfolha, sendo maior na época tardia. A desfolha realizada na cultivar Bordô reduziu o número de bagas por cacho, entretanto aumentou o peso de cachos e sem diferenças para a BRS Violeta . A desfolha associada à época normal aumentou a produção por planta e o número de cachos na Bordô e sem diferenças para a cultivar BRS Violeta. O albedo médio para os tratamentos BNC, BTC, BTS, VNC, VTC e VTS foi respectivamente, 0,287, 0,280, 0,295, 0,297, 0,304 e 0,287. A cultivar BRS Violeta apresentou maior disponibilidade de radiação solar ao nível dos cachos e maior teor de sólidos solúveis totais na colheita quando comparada a cultivar Bordô. A época de poda seca não representou diferença na quantidade de radiação solar disponível ao nível dos cachos, já a realização da desfolha propiciou aumento na radiação que incide ao nível dos cachos para a cv. Bordô. A radiação solar disponível ao nível dos cachos mostrou-se relacionada ao acúmulo de sólidos solúveis totais, sendo maior este acúmulo quando a radiação disponível foi maior na cultivar Bordô.

Depuis la fin du 19ème siècle, le traitement des vignes par des fongicides cupriques a engendré une augmentation de la teneur en cuivre (Cu) dans les sols viticoles, ainsi que dans les écosystèmes aquatiques en aval. Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre le devenir de ce Cu dans un agrosystème basé sur l’étude du fractionnement isotopique du 65Cu/63Cu. Les résultats montrent que durant 4 à 5 décennies de culture de vignes, les sols en surface se sont enrichis en Cu de 9 à 28 fois par rapport au fond géochimique et que les minéraux argileux jouent un rôle important dans l’accumulation du Cu. Lors des événements pluvieux, ~1% du Cu appliqué est mobilisé, essentiellement lié à des argiles. Le bassin d’orage récoltant les lames ruisselantes retient en moyenne 68% du Cu dissous et plus de 92% du Cu particulaire. Les ratios isotopiques du Cu dans le bassin indiqueraient la sorption du Cu dissous dans les sédiments, ainsi que la réduction du Cu(II) in situ due à des processus biogéochimiques. / Since the end of the 19th century, the use of copper (Cu)-based fungicides has resulted in increased Cu concentrations in vineyard soils, but also in downstream aquatic ecosystems. The aim of the thesis was to better understand the fate of this Cu in an agrosystem based on assessing Cu isotope fractionation (65Cu/63Cu). The results have shown that the surface vineyard soils have become enriched in Cu from 9 to 28 times compared to the background level during 4 to 5 decades of vine-growing and that clay minerals were the major Cu sorbing phases in the soils. During rainfall, runoff mobilized ~1% of the applied Cu during the, mainly associated with clays. The stormwater wetland collecting the runoff retained in average 68% of the dissolved and more than 92% of particulate Cu. Cu isotope ratios measured in the wetland suggested dissolved Cu sorption to the sediments and in situ reduction of Cu(II) due to biogeochemical processes.

Née au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et longtemps restée marginale, la viticulture biologique connaît depuis une dizaine d’années un essor remarquable en France. L’engouement pour les vins biologiques, tant dans leur production que dans leur consommation, est porté par la progression des préoccupations environnementales vis-à-vis de l’utilisation de pesticides, et par une critique croissante de la standardisation des modes de fabrication du vin. Pourtant, au sein du monde vitivinicole, la viticulture biologique peine à s’imposer comme une réponse pertinente à ces enjeux d’actualité. Sa progression en demi-teinte questionne la capacité des acteurs des territoires vitivinicoles à s’en saisir. Cette thèse met au jour les logiques spatiales et temporelles à l’œuvre dans la diffusion de la viticulture biologique en France, lame de fond dont les mutations vont au-delà de la seule finalité environnementale. La viticulture biologique répond à des déterminants pluriels, économiques, gustatifs, éthiques, sanitaires, qui manifestent un renouvellement global du lien entre vin, viticulture et territoire. Elle rend compte du renouvellement des aspirations des sociétés urbaines à l’égard du vin, des vignerons qui les produisent et des campagnes. L’analyse géographique de cette diffusion, de sa portée et de ses limites révèle que la viticulture biologique est le témoin et le moteur de transformations profondes dans le monde vitivinicole. Elle s’inscrit dans les questionnements d’une géographie vitivinicole et rurale française en profond renouvellement. L’approche territoriale mise en œuvre dans ce travail permet d’analyser la diffusion de la viticulture biologique à travers la lecture des relations entre des acteurs de plus en plus nombreux et variés au sein des vignobles. La grille de lecture adoptée est centrée sur les vignerons, principaux moteurs de la diffusion de la viticulture biologique, dont le rôle est représentatif de l’évolution des relations entre villes et campagnes. L’étude des pratiques, des discours et des représentations est au cœur de la réflexion. Les processus à l’œuvre sont analysés dans l’ensemble du vignoble français. L’étude plus particulière de deux régions viticoles, le Bordelais et la Vallée du Rhône permet de saisir les dynamiques territoriales de cette diffusion dans toute leur complexité. / Organic viticulture, which emerged in France after the Second World War and long remained marginal, has been booming for ten years now. The craze for organic wines, in terms of both production and consumption, is driven by the increase of environmental concerns regarding the use of pesticides, and by growing criticism of the standardization of wine manufacturing methods. Yet, organic viticulture is still struggling to emerge in the wine sector as a relevant solution to these current issues. Its mixed results question the ability of stakeholders in wine territories to embrace organic viticulture. This thesis explores the spatial and temporal processes at work in the dissemination of organic viticulture in France, as a groundswell whose transformations go beyond environmental purposes. Organic viticulture addresses plural determinants, – economics, tastes, ethics, health – as symptoms of an overall renewal of the relationships between wine, viticulture and territory. It reflects the shifting aspirations of urban societies concerning wine, wineries and rural areas. The geographical analysis of its dissemination, scope and limitations reveals that organic viticulture is both the witness and the driving force of deep transformations in the wine world. The latter is analyzed within a broader framework of issues in French rural and wine geography, currently undergoing a major upheaval. The territorial approach of this research analyses the dissemination of organic viticulture through the lens of increasingly numerous and varied relationships between actors in vineyards. Our grid focuses on winemakers, considered the main drivers of the spread of organic viticulture and whose role is representative of the changing relationship between urban and rural areas. The study of practices, discourses and representations is at the center of our approach. The undergoing processes are analysed in the whole French vineyard. The specific study of two wine regions, the Bordelais and the Rhône Valley, captures the complex territorial dynamics of this dissemination.

Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th (Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology)

This dissertation suggests the Song of Songs as a biblical paradigm for Christian spiritual direction based on the poem’s human dynamics, theological poetics and mystical aesthetic. The Song of Songs is paradigmatic as a journey from a state of self-neglect (depletion), through dynamic encounters of love (transformation), to living who I am in union with the divine I AM (deification). Identifying the human beloved as archetypal seeker and positing transformation in love as the raison-d’être for spiritual direction, the research delineates important implications for spiritual praxis, namely: the human subject (locus); human yearning (focus); the human search (journey); dynamics of human transformation and spiritual maturation (process); aspects of life-integration and union with God (purpose); and becoming a living sacrament in the world (epiphany). With its experiential-existential approach, The Canticle of Spiritual Direction serves as an interdisciplinary and intercultural resource on the Song of Songs, Christian spiritual direction, and Christian mysticism. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

Spirituality is a word in frequent use in contemporary society. In a broad sense it refers to the 'raison d'etre' of our existence, the meaning and values to which we ascribe. Everyone embodies a spirituality in this wider sense, whether it be nihilistic, materialistic, humanistic or religious. The present study evaluates the phenomenon of the Toronto Blessing in the light of spirituality in general and Christian spirituality in particular. By means of a broadly-based phenomenological methodology, the manifestations accompanying the Toronto Blessing are evaluated firstly, with respect to the Bible; secondly, with respect to the Hindu experience of 'Kundalini awakening'; and thirdly, in terms of neuroscience and certain psychological processes, such as hypnosis, mass hysteria, and the role of body and mind in creating spiritual experiences. Although Charismatics claim that the Toronto Blessing has a sound biblical foundation, no evidence to support this claim has been found. However, striking similarities are found between the manifestations of the Toronto Blessing and the techniques used in the 'Kundalini awakening' for the transference of energy. Finally, the major findings of this study support the conclusion that the Toronto Blessing is largely the result of psychological techniques. The possibility of Godly intervention is not totally excluded, but caution is urged, so as to be aware of extraneous factors that create similar manifestations. While it is agreed that the Toronto Blessing can be seen as an expression of spirituality in a broad sense, nevertheless it cannot be viewed as an expression of Christian spirituality in the Charismatic Movement. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

The Song of the Vineyard, Isaiah 5:1-7, portrays YHWH as a vinedresser who has carefully prepared land and planted a choice vine, a symbol of the people whom the deity has chosen. When the reasonable expectation that the vine produce good fruit is thwarted, the vinedresser destroys the vineyard. YHWH, the vinedresser, may seem to be characterised by these actions as a demanding god who will swiftly and harshly recompense any failure to meet expectations. This thesis poses the hypothesis that although this brief song may at first seemingly present a monochromatic characterisation of YHWH, it may actually present a spectrum of characterisations when viewed through multiple interpretive lenses. Socio-rhetorical criticism is the methodology used to examine this hypothesis. This methodology, developed by Vernon K. Robbins, encompasses diverse interpretive approaches, examining five aspects, or “textures,” of the text to obtain a broad interpretive spectrum. In this thesis, three of the textures, innertexture, intertexture, and socio-cultural texture, are considered in separate chapters. The chapter on innertexture examines the world of the text itself, in particular its progressive nature and emotive content. The next chapter examines the intertextural relationship between this Isaian song and two other ancient songs (The Song of the Reed Sea and the Song of Moses), associative references to Sodom, and parallels with the Song of Solomon. The chapter on the socio-cultural texture examines the portrayal of YHWH in light of the socio-economics and socio-cultural values of the world of the story, eighth century B.C.E. Judah. Through this interpretive lense, YHWH is seen as a patron or benefactor who has been dishonoured by his people. In socio-rhetorical criticism, ideology is often presented as a separate texture; in this thesis, it is considered as part of the act of interpretation of all textures, since readers’ ideologies interact with the text. The sacred texture, the last of Robbins’ proposed textures, is presented as the conclusion, with a summary of the spectrum of characterisations of YHWH that the multi-lensed interpretive approach uncovers. The conclusion also includes suggested implications of these finds for the community of faith. / Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Studies)

This thesis deals with the legislation of viticulture and winemaking in the Czech Republic. The main goal of this thesis is to introduce to the readers both, professionals and non-professionals, viticulture and wine law in its full extensity. For this reason, we deeply analyze the Act No. 321/2004 describing viticulture and winemaking as amended by subsequent law. The thesis is composed of seven main chapters. The abbreviations, witch are subsequently used in the work, are defined in the separate chapter. The first part is an introduction to the topic and describes the origin of growing grape-wine and winemaking. The second part deals with the historical development of vineyard and wine law in the Czech Republic. For the sake of clarity, second part is divided into five subsections. The third chapter defines the position of vineyard and wine law in legal system of Czech Republic and characterizes this specific agriculture sector. The fourth part provides a review of written sources of vineyard and wine law. The chapter is hierarchically separated into the categories: international law, EU law and Czech law. Part five is major and it is the most extensive part of this diploma. It deals with the current legislation of viticulture and winemaking in the Czech Republic by Act No. 321/2004 Coll. It...

Birds are a major pest in vineyards both in New Zealand and overseas. There is a need for new behavioural research on birds' foraging habits and feeding preferences in vineyards, as much of the literature to date is anecdotal. Research on cues to birds' feeding will provide a basis on which new deterrent and control strategies can be devised. Spatial-and temporal bird damage in a small vineyard block was mapped to find if damage was correlated with grape maturity and environmental factors. Vineyard and field observations of bird behaviour using video technology combined with preference experiments aimed to establish the relative roles of grape sugar concentration and colour in avian selection. Proximity of vineyards to bird roosts affects damage levels, regardless of differing maturity between locations. The rate of damage tends to increase exponentially once grape maturity has passed a threshold of 13 °Brix. Bunches positioned closest to the ground receive more damage if blackbirds or song thrushes are the predominant pests. Both sugar concentration and grape colour were found to affect birds' feeding preference, but the importance of the two factors varied between years. Black and green grape varieties were differentially preferred by blackbirds (Turdus merula) and song thrushes (Turdus philomelos) while silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis) appeared to have no strong colour preference. It was apparent that there were other, not assessed, grape factors that also affect selection. In small unprotected vineyards that are adjacent to bird roosts the entire grape crop can be taken by bird pests. Besides removing the roosts, which can be beneficial shelterbelts in regions exposed to high winds, growers currently may have no alternative other than to use exclusion netting to keep crops intact. The differential preferences between bird species for variety characteristics suggest that any new deterrents and other strategies to deflect birds from grape crops may need to be species-specific.

Le sujet de cette thèse est le paysage dans sa spécificité viticole analysée comme représentation spatiale dans le processus de construction de l'espace géographique de la vitiviniculture et aussi dans l'utilisation des images du paysage viticole comme l’image spatiale des vins des régions des Indications de Provenance (IP) Vale dos Vinhedos, Pinto Bandeira et Monte Belo (Brésil). Les sources théoriques sont en lien avec la Géographie Critique et la Géographie Culturelle. L'objectif a été d'expliquer le paysage viticole comme représentation spatiale des régions et d’analyser l'image du paysage viticole comme symbole spatial pour les vins des IP. L'organisation de l'espace géographique des régions des IP s'insère dans le contexte de la colonisation italienne. Le développement de la vitiviniculture régionale a occasionné des conditions de mise en place des IP, dont les associations de producteurs ont utilisé des images de paysages viticoles pour construire le lien espace-région-toponyme-vin. L'analyse des paysages a révélé six types et un sous-type avec deux formes de paysages viticoles traditionnels et cinq types de paysages viticoles modernes, y compris les éléments emblématiques naturels et construits, entre lesquels se remarquent l’Araucaria angustifolia, et l'usage des Platanus acerifolia pour soutenir les vignobles, héritage de la tradition viticole étrusque. L'analyse des images des paysages viticoles utilisées par les associations a montré qu'il y a des différences significatives et la majorité sont des paysages viticoles traditionnels. Les associations de l’IP Vale dos Vinhedos et IP Monte Belo ont établi des liaisons directes entre espace-vin-paysage, mais non celles de IP Pinto Bandeira. La recherche a montré que le paysage viticole est un symbole de la représentation de l'espace régional et du vin des IP Vale dos Vinhedos, Pinto Bandeira et Monte Belo. / The theme of this thesis is the landscape in its specificity vineyard analyzed as a spatial representation in the building process of the geographical area of viticulture growing and the use of image of vineyard landscape as spatial landscape of the wine of the regions of Geographical Indication (GI’s) Vale dos Vinhedos, Pinto Bandeira and Monte Belo, Brazil. The objective was to explain the use of vineyard landscape as spatial representation and the images of vineyard landscape as spatial symbol for the wines of GI’s. The theoretical sources to analyze are related to the Critical geography and with the Cultural geography. The organization of the geographic area of the regions of GI’s comes within the context of the Italian colonization process in which its culture was part of the cultivation of vines. The vineyard regional industry development took the conditions of implementation of GI’s, whose producers associations begun to use images of landscape wine to build wine-region-toponym. The landscape analysis revealed six types of landscapes and a sous-type of traditional wine-growing landscapes and five types of modern wine landscapes, occurring in both natural and constructed features characteristic among these was the Araucaria angustifolia and the use of Platanus acerifolia in support of the vineyards, and is the Etruscan wine growing tradition. The analysis of the landscape wine images used by associations showed that there are significant differences; the most are images of traditional wine landscape. The association of Vale dos Vinhedos and Monte Belo established direct links of wine-region- landscape, but not Pinto Bandeira. The survey showed that landscape is a representational symbol of regional area and of the wine of GI’s from Vale dos Vinhedos, Pinto Bandeira and Monte Belo.