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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

CULTURAL FACTORS RELATED TO THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VIRAL HEPATITIS IN A SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES COUNTY (INFECTIOUS DISEASE, SOCIOECONOMIC, PUBLIC HEALTH, BEHAVIOR, COMMUNICABLE).

MCCOMBIE, SUSAN CAROLE. January 1986 (has links)
Viral hepatitis has been a universal human affliction for thousands of years. Only recently has it become understood, and there are still many unanswered questions. This dissertation examines the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in a county in the southwestern United States. An historical review traces the history of concepts of jaundice and details recent advances in the understanding of the transmission of the clinical entities grouped under the heading of viral hepatitis. Age specific incidence rates for all forms of hepatitis in the study population are compared to national rates. Data indicate that the study population experiences higher rates of enteric disease and lower rates of sexually transmitted disease than the nation as a whole. The hypothesis that diseases with similar routes of transmission will be associated with each other and show similar socioeconomic patterns was tested using three year average census tract incidence rates for 1982-84. In almost all samples, hepatitis A and shigellosis are more similar to each other than either is to hepatitis B. A similarity between hepatitis B and syphilis is also evident, but in fewer samples, reflecting their more disparate routes of transmission. Different relationships between incidence rates and socioeconomic variables are evident when the analysis is done using data from the fifty states for 1982. Participant observation as a disease investigator generated information on beliefs about hepatitis among lay and medical personnel. Often these beliefs diverge significantly from accepted facts about hepatitis. These findings have implications for the design of public health programs to control communicable diseases with similar modes of transmission.
2

Apport des récentes évolutions de la cryo-microscopie électronique et du traitement d’images dans l’étude structurale de virus de plantes / Contribution of latest developments in cryo-electron microscopy and image processing for the structural study of plant viruses

Lecorre, François 14 December 2016 (has links)
La cryo-microscopie électronique a connu une révolution majeure ces dernières années, liée à des évolutions technologiques importantes, tant au niveau des microscopes, que des caméras ou des logiciels de traitement d’images. Ainsi, avec l’arrivée de microscopes électroniques plus stables mécaniquement et électroniquement, il est possible d’enregistrer plusieurs milliers d’images de façon automatique en quelques jours, et par conséquent d’obtenir un jeu initial d’images conséquent des particules des complexes protéiques étudiés. Sauf que maintenant, il ne s’agit plus d’image au sens strict, mais de film. En effet, les nouvelles caméras, dites à détection directe d’électrons, permettent de décomposer l’image en plusieurs fractions d’images au cours de l’exposition, et ce, avec une sensibilité dix fois supérieure par rapport à celle des anciennes caméras. L’analyse de ces fractions d’images a permis de montrer que les particules protéiques, bien que piégées dans une mince pellicule de glace, bougeaient sous l’effet du faisceau d’électrons. L’alignement des fractions et leur sommation permettent ainsi de corriger ces mouvements, améliorant la qualité du signal contenu dans chaque image. Ainsi, alors que pendant des dizaines d’années, les informations structurales extraites des images des microscopes électroniques étaient limitées à la moyenne résolution, c’est à dire entre 5 et 15 Å de résolution, nous voyons apparaître depuis ces deux-trois dernières années, de très nombreuses cartes de densités électroniques de complexes protéiques issues de la microscopie électronique, à des résolutions inférieures à 4 Å, permettant de construire des modèles atomiques à l’aide d’outils jusqu’alors réservés à la cristallographie aux rayons X. C’est dans ce contexte, que j’ai étudié par cryo-microscopie électronique et traitement d’images, l’organisation structurale de trois virus de plante :- Le virus de la mosaïque de l’arabette (ArMV), un Nepovirus uniquement transmis par le nématode Xiphinema diversicaudatum, qui est responsable de la maladie du court-noué de la vigne. -Le virus de la tâche de la fève (BBSV), un Comovirus transmis par les coléoptères, responsable de la dégénération chez les légumineuses.- Le virus de la mosaïque du chou-fleur (CaMV), un Caulimovirus servant de virus modèle pour l’étude de la transmission des virus non circulants.Les virus sont des parasites endocellulaires obligatoires, dont l’efficacité dépend de leur capacité de réplication au sein de la cellule infectée et de leur transmission vers de nouveaux hôtes. En raison de l’immobilité des plantes, les phytovirus font souvent appel à des vecteurs pour la transmission plante à plante, qui sont principalement des insectes, des nématodes, des champignons ou des acariens. Les phytovirus sont généralement responsables d’une baisse importante de croissance de la plante et des fruits, voire de la mort de l’hôte infecté. Les dégâts ainsi causés engendrent des pertes de rendement dans les cultures partout dans le monde, se traduisant par d’énormes pertes économiques pour les cultivateurs. Ce travail de thèse présente les structures atomiques de l’ArMV et du BBSV obtenues par cryo-microscopie électronique, ainsi que les premiers résultats obtenus sur la structure de la capside du CaMV, et sa protéine de transmission P2. / A revolution has taken over the world of cryo-electron microscopy for the last years, by dint of a major breakthrough both in technology, with the rise of new microscopes and cameras, and in image processing. With the advent of high-end microscopes, mechanically and electronically more stable, one can expect to record an initial data set of thousand images in few days, thanks to automated acquisition. Besides, the new direct electron detectors can not only record images, but also movies with a better sensitivity than the one we used to have. The movie processing revealed the existence of a beam-induced motion occurring during acquisition. The correction of the motion through frame alignment improves significantly the quality of data. Thus, cryo-electron microscopy was only limited to a middle resolution range (5 to 15 Å) until two or three years ago, when several density maps above 4 Å started to appear, allowing the building of atomic model using tools that were only restricted to X-ray crystallography.In this context, I have studied the structural organization of three plant viruses, using cryo-electron microscopy and image processing:- Arabis Mosaic Virus (ArMV), it’s a Nepovirus only transmitted by the nematode Xiphinema diversicaudatum, responsible for disease of vineyards.- Broad Bean Stain Virus (BBSV), it’s a Comovirus transmitted by beetles, responsible for the degeneration of leguminous plants.- Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV), it’s a Caulimovirus used as model to characterize the transmission of non circulative viruses.Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, which efficiency is directly related to its replicative capacity inside the infected cell, and its transmission to new hosts. Due to the immobility of plants, plant viruses often use vectors for the transmission plant to plant, which are mainly insects, nematodes, fungi or mites. Plant viruses are generally responsible for a significant decrease in plant and fruit growth, and even the death of the plant. The plant viruses are devasting fields worldwide, causing huge loss in crop yield each year. This study highlights the atomic structures of ArMV and BBSV, as well as the first data about the CaMV capsid and its transmission protein.
3

Riding the Viral Wave: Generation Z consumer behaviour during viral demand in relation to Brand Management : A qualitative study on how to strategize brand equity management to prolong customer retention from viral demand based on Generation Z consumer behaviour.

Husain Jinnah, Aini Safiya, Ismail, Lolav January 2023 (has links)
Background: Following the development brought by the digital age, social networks and consumer behaviour has significantly changed. The network connectivity of WEB 2.0 enables information to spread at an accelerated rate to a wide scope, creating viral demand. This phenomenon presents an opportunity for brands to increase their customer base. Building brand resonance through brand equity management will result in a stronger brand-to-consumer relationship from viral demand, leading to improved customer retention and overall brand growth. Purpose: This paper focuses on theory development of Kevin Keller’s (1993) CBBE model. The remodelling aims to strategize brand equity management to optimize long-term customer retention from viral demand based on Generation Z consumer behaviour. The framework provides value for brands as it allows to recognize key drivers influencing Gen-Z's customer retention within the context of virality. Method: The study follows a qualitative design, which is inspired by grounded theory methodology, enabling us to develop a framework based on the CBBE-model (Keller, 1993). An open-ended survey was conducted to understand Generation Z consumer behaviour during viral trends. The survey was systematically analysed, and empirical conclusions were made, respectively. Conclusion: An interest in product over brand during viral trends disrupts the customer retention longevity, explaining why the individual Gen-Z customer lifetime is rather short lived. Furthermore, the proposed CVRM model strategizes how to (1) create willingness for the customer to return and (2) how to prolong customer retention and thus generate long term benefits from a short-term phenomenon.
4

Rôle des polymorphismes dans la région C-Terminale de l'enveloppe du VIH dans l'infection de cellules primaires / Impact of polymorphisms in the C-terminal region of the HIV envelope on infection of primary cells

Santos da Silva, Eveline 12 December 2013 (has links)
Le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) est responsable du syndrome d'immunodéficience humaine acquise (SIDA). Le virus est très variable et est classé en divers sous-types dont le sous-type B qui est le plus étudié et le C qui est le plus répandu. L'enveloppe (Env) à la surface du virus lui permet d'infecter des cellules du système immunitaire, parmi lesquelles les lymphocytes T CD4 (LT CD4) et les macrophages sont des cibles privilégiées. Nous avons étudié le rôle de variations de séquences dans la partie de Env qui n'est pas exposée à la surface du virus (la queue intravirale (gp41CT)). Nos résultats montrent que ce domaine contribue à la réplication du virus dans les LT CD4 et que des variations dans ce domaine entravent l'assemblage des protéines de structure du virus, diminuant la production de nouveaux virus. Ce défaut n'est pas observé dans les macrophages, suggérant qu'un facteur cellulaire est impliqué. Identifier ce facteur pourrait fournir de nouvelles cibles antivirales / The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is responsible for the pandemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Being highly variable, the virus has been subdivided into viral subtypes. Subtype B is the most studied, while subtype C is the most spread. The envelope (Env) expressed at the surface of the virion enables infection of cells involved in the immune system, like CD4 cells (CD4 TL) and macrophages. We studied the Env region not exposed at the viral surface (intraviral tail, gp41CT), which also harbors sequence characteristics linked to viral subtype. Viruses with subtype C gp41CT had lower replication capacities in CD4 TL. Microscopy analysis showed a defect in clustering of the viral structural protein Gag, revealing that changes in gp41CT affect assembly of all viral components. This defect was seen in CD4 TL but not in macrophages, suggesting the involvement of a cellular factor. Identifying this factor could open new therapeutic leads

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