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This thesis studies the relationship of irony, as defined in Kierkegaard's The Concept of Irony to the text and subject of Fear and Trembling. Irony is interpreted in this thesis as negative space, which both binds and separates and which assumes meaning equal to or greater than the positive space that binds it. This definition applies to Kierkegaard's Socrates who lived ironically in the space between actuality and ideality. This thesis considers how Abraham also lived in ironic space and why ironic space is a prerequisite for faith. Unlike Socrates, Abraham did not stop with irony, but used irony to open ironic space in which a knight of faith can be both separated from and reconciled to his actuality. Because in Fear and Trembling the Virgin Mary is compared to Abraham, this thesis examines at length how irony is related to Mary both in terms of her faithfulness and her maternity. Irony can then be seen as a necessary circumstance of maternity. The negative space of the female anatomy becomes ironic because it can take on more meaning than it can have alone, particularly in its ability to create (an)other person. Faith and maternity share irony as a requirement for their modes of living because both require an ironic separation from the masculine sphere. Applying the relationship of irony to faith and the maternal offers a interpretive possibilities for the knight of faith that otherwise go unnoticed.

Question: Has the basal area of pine and spruce in a protected forest changed between 1937 and 2022? And has there been a change in size distribution?Location: Säby Västerksog, a pine-dominated coniferous forest protected for 100 years.Method: A part of the reserve was mapped, and diameter at breast height, using the same methods as used in 1937.Results: Basal area had increased for both pine and spruce but mostly for pine. More pine than spruce had survived from 1937. On the other hand, more spruce than pine had become established after 1937. The size distribution of pine had shifted towards larger trees, with few smaller ones. The corresponding distribution among spruce showed a decline towards larger trees (except the largest ones).Conclusion: The reason for the poor regeneration of pine is probably due to a combination of shade intolerance and a lack disturbances needed for this species (e.g. forest fires). Due to these hindrances pine is expected to decrease within a longer time frame, while spruce is expected to increase.

This mixed-methods study uses ritual analysis, key informant interviews, and a semi-structured questionnaire to explore stressors and coping among Hispanic im/migrants to rural Mississippi. The study applies Turner’s model of ritual analysis to the procession of la Virgen de Guadalupe for insight into the values, concerns, actions, and motivations of the community. Results from ritual analysis suggest the precession of la Virgen de Guadalupe unites the multi-national community and empowers the participants through their faith in God and la Virgen de Guadalupe. Results from the semi-structured questionnaire identify stressors among the Hispanic community relating to separation from family and friends, job shortage, transportation barriers, and language barriers.

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