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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Virtual Histology Analysis of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque: Plaque Composition at the Minimum Lumen Site and of the Entire Carotid Plaque

Miyachi, Shigeru, Izumi, Takashi, Matsubara, Noriaki, Hososhima, Osamu, Tsurumi, Yuko, Tsurumi, Arihito 01 1900 (has links)
No description available.
2

Can Periprocedural Hypotension in Carotid Artery Stenting Be Predicted ? : A Carotid Morphologic Autonomic Pathologic Scoring Model Using Virtual Histology to Anticipate Hypotension

WAKABAYASHI, T., NAITO, T., KINKORI, T., MATSUBARA, N., OHSHIMA, T., IZUMI, T., HOSOSHIMA, O., MIYACHI, S., TSURUMI, A. 03 1900 (has links)
名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類 : 博士(医学)(課程) 学位授与年月日:平成21年3月25日 靍見有史氏の博士論文として提出された
3

Investigação das modificações na geometria vascular nas bordas de stents farmacológicos e não-farmacológicos e a correlação com a composição dos ateromas: estudo seriado com ultrassom intracoronário e Histologia Virtual® / Investigation of the modifications in vascular geometry at the edges of bare-metal and drug-eluting stents and the correlation of modifications in plaque composition: a serial with grey-scale intravascular ultrasound and Virtual Histology(TM)

Costa Junior, José de Ribamar 07 July 2011 (has links)
Até o momento, pouco se sabe sobre a influência da modificação na composição do ateroma nas bordas dos stents e a ocorrência de alterações na geometria vascular. Este estudo objetiva correlacionar, utilizando de maneira seriada (pós-implante do stent e reestudo aos nove meses) o ultrassom monocromático e a Histologia Virtual®, as modificações na composição dos ateromas nas bordas proximais e distais de stents nãofarmacológicos e farmacológicos e as alterações ocorridas nas dimensões do vaso, luz e placa que possam explicar a ocorrência da reestenose nestes segmentos. Estudo prospectivo, de centro único, que randomizou (1:1) pacientes com síndrome coronária aguda para receberem stents nãofarmacológicos (Driver®, n=20 pacientes) ou farmacológicos (Cypher®, n=20 pacientes). Após a realização do procedimento, todos os pacientes submeteram-se a avaliação com ultrassom e Histologia Virtual®, que foi repetido ao final de nove meses de seguimento. O objetivo primário foi avaliar as modificações na área do vaso, luz e placa ao ultrassom e na composição do ateroma pela Histologia Virtual® no período entre o implante e o reestudo, buscando correlacionar as alterações no ateroma com as modificações na geometria vascular. Observou-se que na borda proximal, stents farmacológicos e não-farmacológicos tem um comportamento semelhante na avaliação ultrassonográfica, com tendência a remodelamento expansivo da área do vaso para compensar o crescimento na área da placa. Por outro lado, na borda distal, há menor crescimento da área da placa entre os pacientes tratados com stents farmacológicos, resultando em maior área da luz no reestudo de nove meses. Do ponto de vista da análise com Histologia virtual, nos dois grupos e em ambas as bordas houve redução do componente fibroso e núcleo necrótico com aumento no conteúdo fibrolipidico. Observou-se ainda importante correlação entre a variação do componente fibrótico e o aumento na área da placa (r=0.78, p=0.01). O uso de stents farmacológicos não se correlaciona com \"efeito de borda\". Ao contrário, parece haver menor crescimento da placa na borda distal destas endopróteses quando comparadas às sem fármaco. A modificação na composição do ateroma, com aumento do conteúdo fibro-lipídico pode explicar em parte estes achados. / To the present, little is known about the correlation between modifications in plaque composition at stent edges and the changes in vessel geometry. This study sought to evaluate, by serial grey-scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and Virtual Histology(TM), the modifications in plaque composition at the edges of drug-eluting and bare-metal stents and the correlation of these findings with changes in the measuremntes of vessel, lumen and plaque area at those segments. Single-center, prospective and randomized (1:1) evaluation of 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with bare-metal (Driver(TM), n=20 patients) or drug-eluting stents (Cypher(TM), n=20 patients). Following stent deployment, all individuals underwent gray scale IVUS and Virtual Histology(TM) evaluation, which were repeated at nine months. Primary endpoint included the modification in vessel, lumen and plaque area and in the composition of the plaque in the mean time between the baseline and follow-up procedure. Additionally, we tried to determine a correlation between plaque composition variation and changes in vessel geometry. At the proximal edge of both drug-eluting and bare-metal stents there was a trend to positive vessel remodeling which compensated the modest increase in plaque area. At the distal edge, patients treated with drug-eluting stents had less plaque growth resulting in a larger lumen area at follow-up. By Virtual Histology, there was a marked reduction in the % of fibrotic tissue and necrotic core in both edges of the two stents and a positive, strong correlation was seen between increase in % of fibrofatty component and augmentation in plaque area(r=0.78, p=0.01). The use of drug-eluting stents was not associated with \"edge effect\". On the contrary, patients treated with these devices experienced less plaque growth, especially at the distal edge of the stents. Modifications in plaque composition, with increase in fibrofatty content, might partially explain these findings.
4

Investigation into the role of biomechanical forces in determining the behaviour of coronary atherosclerotic plaques

Costopoulos, Charis January 2018 (has links)
Ischaemic heart disease remains the single leading cause of death throughout the world. Rupture of an advanced atheromatous coronary plaque precipitates the majority of these clinical events, resulting in thrombosis and myocardial infarction. Post-mortem studies have identified thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) as the plaque subtype most prone to rupture with prospective virtual-histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) studies linking VH-TCFA to future adverse clinical events. VH-TCFA are however common along the coronary tree with the majority remaining clinically silent, suggesting that factors other than plaque phenotype play an important role in determining rupture and future plaque behaviour. Rupture is thought to occur when the structural stress within the plaque exceeds the material strength of the overlying fibrous cap. Previous histological work has demonstrated that ruptured plaques are associated with higher stress compared to non-ruptured controls, with in vivo VH-IVUS studies linking higher plaque structural stress (PSS) with the presentation of acute coronary syndrome. Wall shear stress (WSS) on the other hand has been implicated in early plaque development and plaque growth suggesting that both PSS and WSS can influence future plaque behaviour. The work presented in this thesis is associated with a number of novel findings. First, it is the only work to demonstrate that in vivo PSS is higher in coronary atherosclerotic plaques with rupture vs. no rupture across a range of plaque subtypes and irrespective of whether analysis of the entire plaque or of regions close to the minimal luminal area is performed. Second, it shows that the pattern and extent of plaque progression and regression defined as an increase and decrease in plaque area, respectively, are associated with specific biomechanical environments at baseline, in the only study that examines the role of both PSS and WSS in this process. More specifically, high PSS is associated with changes consistent with increased vulnerability both in areas of progression and regression. On the other hand, lower WSS at baseline is associated with greater increases in plaque area and burden in areas that progress and with smaller decreases in areas that regress largely due to changes in fibrous tissue. Although the role of WSS in determining future plaque behaviour has been previously examined, this is the first time that this is assessed specifically in areas of progression and regression, particularly important in view of the dynamic nature of atherosclerotic plaques. More importantly, the work presented in this thesis demonstrates that the interplay of these biomechanical forces is associated with specific patterns of plaque progression and regression despite the fact that PSS and WSS are independent of each other. This has never been previously demonstrated and further suggests that incorporation of biomechanical analysis can play role in the identification of plaques that lead to future clinical events. Finally, the ability of PSS to identify plaques that lead to adverse clinical events was assessed through a propensity core matched analysis of the PROSPECT (A Prospective Natural-History Study of Coronary Atherosclerosis) study. The analysis presented here is the largest, most extensive and thus most significant work to ever examine this with results suggesting that incorporation of PSS and associated parameters can improve the capability of VH-IVUS to identify plaques that lead to such events. In summary, the results of this thesis suggest that coronary PSS plays an important role in the pathophysiology of plaque rupture, and that its incorporation in routine plaque assessment may improve our current ability to identifying coronary plaques that lead to future adverse clinical events. The interplay between PSS and WSS may also affect future plaque behaviour and in particular progression and regression. Prospective studies are now required to fully evaluate the role of these biomechanical forces in plaque development, and whether their incorporation in plaque evaluation can be of clinical significance.
5

Investigação das modificações na geometria vascular nas bordas de stents farmacológicos e não-farmacológicos e a correlação com a composição dos ateromas: estudo seriado com ultrassom intracoronário e Histologia Virtual® / Investigation of the modifications in vascular geometry at the edges of bare-metal and drug-eluting stents and the correlation of modifications in plaque composition: a serial with grey-scale intravascular ultrasound and Virtual Histology(TM)

José de Ribamar Costa Junior 07 July 2011 (has links)
Até o momento, pouco se sabe sobre a influência da modificação na composição do ateroma nas bordas dos stents e a ocorrência de alterações na geometria vascular. Este estudo objetiva correlacionar, utilizando de maneira seriada (pós-implante do stent e reestudo aos nove meses) o ultrassom monocromático e a Histologia Virtual®, as modificações na composição dos ateromas nas bordas proximais e distais de stents nãofarmacológicos e farmacológicos e as alterações ocorridas nas dimensões do vaso, luz e placa que possam explicar a ocorrência da reestenose nestes segmentos. Estudo prospectivo, de centro único, que randomizou (1:1) pacientes com síndrome coronária aguda para receberem stents nãofarmacológicos (Driver®, n=20 pacientes) ou farmacológicos (Cypher®, n=20 pacientes). Após a realização do procedimento, todos os pacientes submeteram-se a avaliação com ultrassom e Histologia Virtual®, que foi repetido ao final de nove meses de seguimento. O objetivo primário foi avaliar as modificações na área do vaso, luz e placa ao ultrassom e na composição do ateroma pela Histologia Virtual® no período entre o implante e o reestudo, buscando correlacionar as alterações no ateroma com as modificações na geometria vascular. Observou-se que na borda proximal, stents farmacológicos e não-farmacológicos tem um comportamento semelhante na avaliação ultrassonográfica, com tendência a remodelamento expansivo da área do vaso para compensar o crescimento na área da placa. Por outro lado, na borda distal, há menor crescimento da área da placa entre os pacientes tratados com stents farmacológicos, resultando em maior área da luz no reestudo de nove meses. Do ponto de vista da análise com Histologia virtual, nos dois grupos e em ambas as bordas houve redução do componente fibroso e núcleo necrótico com aumento no conteúdo fibrolipidico. Observou-se ainda importante correlação entre a variação do componente fibrótico e o aumento na área da placa (r=0.78, p=0.01). O uso de stents farmacológicos não se correlaciona com \"efeito de borda\". Ao contrário, parece haver menor crescimento da placa na borda distal destas endopróteses quando comparadas às sem fármaco. A modificação na composição do ateroma, com aumento do conteúdo fibro-lipídico pode explicar em parte estes achados. / To the present, little is known about the correlation between modifications in plaque composition at stent edges and the changes in vessel geometry. This study sought to evaluate, by serial grey-scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and Virtual Histology(TM), the modifications in plaque composition at the edges of drug-eluting and bare-metal stents and the correlation of these findings with changes in the measuremntes of vessel, lumen and plaque area at those segments. Single-center, prospective and randomized (1:1) evaluation of 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with bare-metal (Driver(TM), n=20 patients) or drug-eluting stents (Cypher(TM), n=20 patients). Following stent deployment, all individuals underwent gray scale IVUS and Virtual Histology(TM) evaluation, which were repeated at nine months. Primary endpoint included the modification in vessel, lumen and plaque area and in the composition of the plaque in the mean time between the baseline and follow-up procedure. Additionally, we tried to determine a correlation between plaque composition variation and changes in vessel geometry. At the proximal edge of both drug-eluting and bare-metal stents there was a trend to positive vessel remodeling which compensated the modest increase in plaque area. At the distal edge, patients treated with drug-eluting stents had less plaque growth resulting in a larger lumen area at follow-up. By Virtual Histology, there was a marked reduction in the % of fibrotic tissue and necrotic core in both edges of the two stents and a positive, strong correlation was seen between increase in % of fibrofatty component and augmentation in plaque area(r=0.78, p=0.01). The use of drug-eluting stents was not associated with \"edge effect\". On the contrary, patients treated with these devices experienced less plaque growth, especially at the distal edge of the stents. Modifications in plaque composition, with increase in fibrofatty content, might partially explain these findings.
6

Utilização do ultra-som intracoronário com Histologia Virtual® na identificação de lesões propensas à reestenose após o implante de stents / Application of Virtual Histology®-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) to identify restenosis-prone lesions after baremetal and sirolimus-eluting stents

Siqueira, Dimytri Alexandre de Alvim 13 July 2011 (has links)
A intervenção percutânea com implante de stents constitui-se na principal forma de revascularização miocárdica empregada, e associa-se à redução de sintomas, à melhoria na qualidade de vida e ao aumento da sobrevida em pacientes acometidos por síndrome coronária aguda. Entretanto, o implante de stents pode acompanhar-se de exagerada hiperplasia intimal, principal determinante da reestenose destes dispositivos. Diversos fatores clínicos, anatômicos e técnicos associam-se a maiores taxas de reestenose, porém a hipótese de que o tipo ou a composição da lesão aterosclerótica tratada possa correlacionar-se com o fenômeno ainda não foi esclarecida. Determinar a relação entre a composição da placa aterosclerótica tratada conforme análise pela Histologia Virtual® - e a magnitude da hiperplasia intimal após o implante de stents farmacológicos e não-farmacológicos. No período de setembro de 2008 a novembro de 2009, selecionamos 52 pacientes prospectivos com o diagnóstico de síndrome coronária aguda com ou sem supra ST, submetidos à cinecoronariografia e candidatos à intervenção percutânea. Estes foram randomizados para o tratamento com stents farmacológicos com sirolimus (Cypher® Cordis, Johnson & Johnson) ou com stents não-farmacológicos (Driver®,Medtronic Inc.). O ultra-som com Histologia Virtual® foi realizado antes do tratamento das lesões culpadas, e correlacionou-se o porcentual dos componentes fibrótico, fibrolipídico, núcleo necrótico e cálcio com o grau de hiperplasia intimal, em reestudo ultrasonográfico realizado aos 9 meses. A média de idades foi de 55,3 anos (DP 4,9 anos), sendo 77% homens. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos no que se refere às variáveis clínicas e angiográficas. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava obstrução coronária uniarterial, e o vaso mais freqüentemente tratado foi a descendente anterior. À Histologia Virtual®, não foram detectadas diferenças em relação ao tipo de placa tratada, sendo predominantes as lesões do tipo fibroateroma e fibroateroma calcificado. O tecido fibrótico foi o componente preponderante [59,6% (DP 15,8%) do volume total das placas analisadas], e cerca de 20% do volume das lesões era composto por núcleo necrótico. Após 9 meses, o reestudo ultrasonográfico foi realizado em 49 (94%) dos pacientes. Tanto o volume como o porcentual de hiperplasia intimal foram significativamente maiores no grupo tratado com stents não-farmacológicos [60,8 mm3 [DP 32 mm3] versus 14 mm3 (DP 9,2 mm3), p<0,0001 e [31,9% (DP 12,9%) versus 8,2% (DP 7,6%) , p<0,0001, respectivamente]. Contudo, não foi observada associação entre os porcentuais dos componentes fibrótico (corr. 0,038, p=0,81), fibrolipídico (corr. 0,109, p=0,49), cálcio (corr. -0,073, p=0,64) e núcleo necrótico (corr. -0,062, p=0,69) das lesões tratadas com o tecido neointimal intra-stent. Os resultados desta investigação prospectiva e randomizada indicam que as informações providas pela Histologia Virtual® na caracterização das placas ateroscleróticas não auxiliam na identificação de lesões mais propensas à reestenose, após o implante de stents farmacológicos e não-farmacológicos. / To the present, little is known about the correlation between modifications in plaque composition at stent edges and the changes in vessel geometry. This study sought to evaluate, by serial grey-scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and Virtual Histology(TM), the modifications in plaque composition at the edges of drug-eluting and bare-metal stents and the correlation of these findings with changes in the measuremntes of vessel, lumen and plaque area at those segments. Single-center, prospective and randomized (1:1) evaluation of 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with bare-metal (Driver(TM), n=20 patients) or drug-eluting stents (Cypher(TM), n=20 patients). Following stent deployment, all individuals underwent gray scale IVUS and Virtual Histology(TM) evaluation, which were repeated at nine months. Primary endpoint included the modification in vessel, lumen and plaque area and in the composition of the plaque in the mean time between the baseline and follow-up procedure. Additionally, we tried to determine a correlation between plaque composition variation and changes in vessel geometry. At the proximal edge of both drug-eluting and bare-metal stents there was a trend to positive vessel remodeling which compensated the modest increase in plaque area. At the distal edge, patients treated with drug-eluting stents had less plaque growth resulting in a larger lumen area at follow-up. By Virtual Histology, there was a marked reduction in the % of fibrotic tissue and necrotic core in both edges of the two stents and a positive, strong correlation was seen between increase in % of fibrofatty component and augmentation in plaque area(r=0.78, p=0.01). The use of drug-eluting stents was not associated with \"edge effect\". On the contrary, patients treated with these devices experienced less plaque growth, especially at the distal edge of the stents. Modifications in plaque composition, with increase in fibrofatty content, might partially explain these findings.
7

Utilização do ultra-som intracoronário com Histologia Virtual® na identificação de lesões propensas à reestenose após o implante de stents / Application of Virtual Histology®-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) to identify restenosis-prone lesions after baremetal and sirolimus-eluting stents

Dimytri Alexandre de Alvim Siqueira 13 July 2011 (has links)
A intervenção percutânea com implante de stents constitui-se na principal forma de revascularização miocárdica empregada, e associa-se à redução de sintomas, à melhoria na qualidade de vida e ao aumento da sobrevida em pacientes acometidos por síndrome coronária aguda. Entretanto, o implante de stents pode acompanhar-se de exagerada hiperplasia intimal, principal determinante da reestenose destes dispositivos. Diversos fatores clínicos, anatômicos e técnicos associam-se a maiores taxas de reestenose, porém a hipótese de que o tipo ou a composição da lesão aterosclerótica tratada possa correlacionar-se com o fenômeno ainda não foi esclarecida. Determinar a relação entre a composição da placa aterosclerótica tratada conforme análise pela Histologia Virtual® - e a magnitude da hiperplasia intimal após o implante de stents farmacológicos e não-farmacológicos. No período de setembro de 2008 a novembro de 2009, selecionamos 52 pacientes prospectivos com o diagnóstico de síndrome coronária aguda com ou sem supra ST, submetidos à cinecoronariografia e candidatos à intervenção percutânea. Estes foram randomizados para o tratamento com stents farmacológicos com sirolimus (Cypher® Cordis, Johnson & Johnson) ou com stents não-farmacológicos (Driver®,Medtronic Inc.). O ultra-som com Histologia Virtual® foi realizado antes do tratamento das lesões culpadas, e correlacionou-se o porcentual dos componentes fibrótico, fibrolipídico, núcleo necrótico e cálcio com o grau de hiperplasia intimal, em reestudo ultrasonográfico realizado aos 9 meses. A média de idades foi de 55,3 anos (DP 4,9 anos), sendo 77% homens. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos no que se refere às variáveis clínicas e angiográficas. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava obstrução coronária uniarterial, e o vaso mais freqüentemente tratado foi a descendente anterior. À Histologia Virtual®, não foram detectadas diferenças em relação ao tipo de placa tratada, sendo predominantes as lesões do tipo fibroateroma e fibroateroma calcificado. O tecido fibrótico foi o componente preponderante [59,6% (DP 15,8%) do volume total das placas analisadas], e cerca de 20% do volume das lesões era composto por núcleo necrótico. Após 9 meses, o reestudo ultrasonográfico foi realizado em 49 (94%) dos pacientes. Tanto o volume como o porcentual de hiperplasia intimal foram significativamente maiores no grupo tratado com stents não-farmacológicos [60,8 mm3 [DP 32 mm3] versus 14 mm3 (DP 9,2 mm3), p<0,0001 e [31,9% (DP 12,9%) versus 8,2% (DP 7,6%) , p<0,0001, respectivamente]. Contudo, não foi observada associação entre os porcentuais dos componentes fibrótico (corr. 0,038, p=0,81), fibrolipídico (corr. 0,109, p=0,49), cálcio (corr. -0,073, p=0,64) e núcleo necrótico (corr. -0,062, p=0,69) das lesões tratadas com o tecido neointimal intra-stent. Os resultados desta investigação prospectiva e randomizada indicam que as informações providas pela Histologia Virtual® na caracterização das placas ateroscleróticas não auxiliam na identificação de lesões mais propensas à reestenose, após o implante de stents farmacológicos e não-farmacológicos. / To the present, little is known about the correlation between modifications in plaque composition at stent edges and the changes in vessel geometry. This study sought to evaluate, by serial grey-scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and Virtual Histology(TM), the modifications in plaque composition at the edges of drug-eluting and bare-metal stents and the correlation of these findings with changes in the measuremntes of vessel, lumen and plaque area at those segments. Single-center, prospective and randomized (1:1) evaluation of 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with bare-metal (Driver(TM), n=20 patients) or drug-eluting stents (Cypher(TM), n=20 patients). Following stent deployment, all individuals underwent gray scale IVUS and Virtual Histology(TM) evaluation, which were repeated at nine months. Primary endpoint included the modification in vessel, lumen and plaque area and in the composition of the plaque in the mean time between the baseline and follow-up procedure. Additionally, we tried to determine a correlation between plaque composition variation and changes in vessel geometry. At the proximal edge of both drug-eluting and bare-metal stents there was a trend to positive vessel remodeling which compensated the modest increase in plaque area. At the distal edge, patients treated with drug-eluting stents had less plaque growth resulting in a larger lumen area at follow-up. By Virtual Histology, there was a marked reduction in the % of fibrotic tissue and necrotic core in both edges of the two stents and a positive, strong correlation was seen between increase in % of fibrofatty component and augmentation in plaque area(r=0.78, p=0.01). The use of drug-eluting stents was not associated with \"edge effect\". On the contrary, patients treated with these devices experienced less plaque growth, especially at the distal edge of the stents. Modifications in plaque composition, with increase in fibrofatty content, might partially explain these findings.
8

3d virtual histology of neuronal tissue by propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography

Töpperwien, Mareike 25 May 2018 (has links)
No description available.
9

Approche informationnelle de l’imagerie de contraste de phase par rayonnement synchrotron : Applications précliniques à l’imagerie du cerveau du petit animal / Information based approach of the phase contrast imaging by synchrotron radiation : Preclinical applications to brain imaging of the small animal

Rositi, Hugo 23 October 2015 (has links)
L’histologie virtuelle est un domaine qui suscite un intérêt de recherche croissant. Nous nous intéressons à une de ces techniques en particulier via l’imagerie de contraste de phase par rayonnement synchrotron. Cette imagerie nous permet d’observer des cerveaux de souris intacts avec une résolution spatiale de 8µm isotropique, soit une résolution similaire à celle d’une histologie optique classique mais sans endommager les tissus par des colorations ou des marquages spécifiques. Ces travaux de thèse sont organisés autour de trois grands axes. Un premier axe présente l’instrumentation photonique qui permet l’obtention du contraste de phase et le paramétrage original qui est proposé pour l’acquisition d’échantillons biologiques de composition hétérogène. Un second axe présente différents traitements d’images développés pour des tâches informationnelles précises telles que l’optimisation de la visualisation, la détection d’agrégats cellulaires et la tractographie de structures fibreuses. Enfin, une application biomédicale de ces traitements est proposée via la détection et la quantification de nanoparticules d’oxyde de fer dans un modèle expérimental d’accident vasculaire cérébral. / Virtual histology is a field of investigation with growing interest in the commmunity of bioimage analysis. We focus on one of these techniques with the phase contrast tomography using synchrotron radiation. This technique allows us to visualize mice brains with no impact and with a spatial resolution of 8µm isotropically, which is a resolution similar to the one obtained with classic optical histology but without damaging samples with specific dyeing. This thesis is organized along three main axes. The first one presents photonic instrumentation which gives us access to the phase information and the original setting of a reconstruction parameter for the acquisition of biological heterogeneous samples. A second axis shows several image processing developed in order to address different informational tasks such as visual optimization, cellular aggregates detection or fiber tractography. Eventually, a biomedical application of these process is proposed by adressing detection and quantification of iron oxide nanoparticles in an experimental model of stroke.
10

Comparação das dimensões das artérias coronárias e da composição da placa aterosclerótica entre a angiografia coronária por tomografia de 64 colunas de detectores e a ultrassonografia intracoronária com a técnica de histologia virtual / Comparison of coronary artery dimensions and atherosclerotic plaque composition between coronary angiography by 64-slice computed tomography and by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound technique

Falcão, João Luiz de Alencar Araripe 24 February 2010 (has links)
Introdução: No momento, pouco se conhece sobre o desempenho diagnóstico da angiotomografia de coronárias com 64 colunas de detectores (Angio-TC 64) frente aos achados do ultrassom intracoronário com técnica de histologia virtual (USIC-HV). Este estudo compara a capacidade diagnóstica de ambos os métodos para a avaliação das dimensões vasculares e para avaliação da composição da placa aterosclerótica através da análise de toda extensão dos três vasos epicárdicos principais. Métodos e Resultados: Um total de 21 pacientes com diagnóstico de doença arterial coronária obstrutiva foi incluído neste estudo. Angio-TC 64 foi realizada em todos os pacientes antes da realização do USIC-HV, com intervalo<72horas entre os dois exames. No total, 70 vasos foram avaliados (3,3 vasos por paciente) e divididos em 641 subsegmentos de 4 mm de extensão cada. Um total de 5.972 cortes seccionais de USIC-HV e 5.233 cortes seccionais da Angio-TC 64 foram analisados. As medidas de área luminar, área do vaso, área da parede arterial e carga de placa à Angio-TC 64 e ao USIC-HV foram significativamente correlacionadas (r-Spearman: 0,81; 0,78; 0,55 e 0,49; respectivamente - p<0,001 para todas as correlações). A Angio-TC 64 subestimou a área luminar ao USIC-HV (em mediana: 0,4mm2 ,variando entre -5,6 mm2 e 10,2 mm2). A Angio-TC 64 superestimou a área do vaso, a área da parede arterial (placa+média) e a carga de placa (em mediana: 3,0 mm2; 3,2 mm2 e 13,9%, respectivamente). O aumento da densidade média da placa à Angio-TC 64 foi significativamente associado com o aumento da contribuição percentual dos componentes cálcio denso e núcleo necrótico ao USIC-HV. O aumento da densidade média da placa à Angio-TC 64 foi significativamente associado com a diminuição da contribuição percentual do componente fibro-lipídico ao USIC-HV. Parâmetros de qualidade da imagem (atenuação luminar, ruído da atenuação luminar e relação sinal ruído) influenciaram significativamente os resultados da Angio-TC 64. Conclusão: Nosso estudo demonstra que as imagens da Angio-TC 64 se correlacionam significativamente com as imagens do USIC-HV. Estes achados indicam que a Angio-TC 64 pode ser uma ferramenta útil para a avaliação quantitativa da luz arterial e da placa aterosclerótica; bem como para a avaliação da composição da placa aterosclerótica in vivo / Background: Currently, little is known about the comparative diagnostic performance for coronary assessment of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (64-MDCT) versus virtual histology intravascular ultrasound technique (VH-IVUS). The present study compares the diagnostic ability of both methods for the evaluation of coronary lumen and vessel wall dimensions as well as plaque composition in a three-vessel whole-artery analysis protocol. Methods and Results: A total of 21 patients with diagnosed obstructive coronary artery disease was included. 64-MDCT was performed within 72 hours before the VH-IVUS examination. Overall, 70 vessels were imaged (3.3 vessels per patient), and divided into 641 subsegments of 4 mm each. A total of 5,972 VH-IVUS cross-sections and 5,233 64-MDCT cross-sections were analyzed. 64-MDCT and VH-IVUS measurements for luminar area, vessel area, arterial wall area (plaque plus media area) and plaque burden were significantly correlated (r-Spearman: 0.81; 0.78; 0.55 e 0.49; respectively - p<0,001 for all correlations). 64-MDCT underestimated VH-IVUS measurements for luminar area (median: 0.4mm2, range: -5.6 mm2 to 10,2 mm2). 64-MDCT overestimated VH-IVUS measurements for vessel area, arterial wall area, and plaque burden (median: 3.0 mm2; 3.2 mm2 e 13.9%, respectively). Increasing plaque density at 64-MDCT was significantly associated with increasing dense calcium and necrotic core percent composition at VH-IVUS. Increasing plaque density at 64-MDCT was significantly associated with decreasing fibrofatty percent composition, and decreasing necrosis-to-calcium ratio at VH-IVUS. Image quality parameters (i.e. lumen attenuation, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio) significantly influenced the results of 64-MDCT. Conclusion: Our study shows that 64-MDCT imaging significantly correlates with VH-IVUS. These findings indicate that 64-MDCT may be a useful non-invasive tool for quantitative evaluation of lumen and plaque parameters, as well as for the in vivo assessment of atherosclerotic plaque composition

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