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Das in Europa vorkommende Dobravavirus (DOBV) gehört zu den Hantaviren und wird durch die Gelbhalsmaus Apodemus flavicollis übertragen und kann im Menschen zu einem "Hämorrhagischen Fieber mit renalem Syndrom" (HFRS) führen. Das Nukleokapsidprotein (N) von Hantaviren ist stark immunogen in Menschen und eine Impfung mit rekombinanten N Derivativen wie chimaere Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Corepartikel oder das komplette N schützt in Nagetiermodellen vor einer Hantavirusinfektion. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Immunogenität von zwei auf dem DOBV N basierende Protein Derivativen in Mäusen getestet. Es wurden in E. coli exprimierte chimaere HBV Corepartikel verwendet, die einen Teil des DOBV N trugen (HBcdDOB120), sowie in Hefen eprimiertes komplettes DOBV rN. Anschließend wurden BALB/c und C57BL/6 Mäuse mit den jeweiligen Proteinen immunisiert. Sowohl BALB/c, als auch C57BL/6 Mäuse entwickelten eine starke, langanhaltende N-spezifische Antikörperantwort, die eine starke Kreuzreaktivität gegenüber der rN anderer Hantaviren aufwiesen, nach Impfung mit HBcdDOB120 oder DOBV rN-Protein. Es wurden Antikörper aller IgG Subklassen, sowie N-spezifische IFN-( und IL-4 sekretierende Lymphozyten induziert, was auf eine gemischte Th1/Th2 Antwort schließen lies. Die Frequenz der durch die Immunisierungen induzierte N-spezifischen Lymphozyten war allerdings gering. Auch in Mäusen, die hohe HBc-spezifische Antikörpertiter aufwiesen konnte eine starke N-spezifische Antikörperantwort mittels Impfung mit HBcdDOB120 induziert werden. HBcdDOB120 und DOBV rN stellen vielversprechende Vakzinekandidaten dar, die auf ihre Protektivität hin getestet werden sollten. Da HBcdDOB120 sowie DOBV rN eine starke Antikörperantwort und nur eine schwache T-Zellantwort induzieren sollte zusätzlich die Rolle von N-spezifischen Antikörpern im Schutz gegen die Virusinfektion weiter charakterisiert werden. / In Europe, the hantavirus Dobrava (DOBV) is carried by the yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis and causes "haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome" in humans. The nucleocapsid protein (N) is very immunogenic in infections of humans and rodents. Immunisation with N protein derivatives, like chimeric hepatitis B virus core (HBc) particles and entire recombinant N could protect rodents from a hantavirus infection. In this study, the immunogenicity of the two following derivatives based on the DOBV N protein was tested in mice. Chimeric HBV core particles, consisting of truncated HBc (HBcd) particles carrying part of the DOBV N (HBcdDOB120) were expressed in E. coli and the entire DOBV rN in yeast. Hence BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were immunised subcoutanously with both antigens. Mice of both strains elicited strong and longlived N-specific antibody responses after HBcdDOB120 as well as after DOBV rN immunisation. Both derivatives induced antibodies that were highly cross-reactive to the rN of the hantaviruses Puumala, Hantaan, Andes and Sin Nombre. HBcdDOB120 and DOBV rN induced N-specific antibodies of all IgG subclasses, suggesting a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. In the same line, IFN-( and IL-4 was secreted by N-specific lymphocytes from mice immunised with HBcdDOB120 or DOBV rN after in vitro restimulation which also indicated a mixed Th1/Th2 response. However, the frequency of N-specific lymphocytes was low. In mice that exhibited a high HBc-specific antibody titer HBcdDOB120 also induced a strong N-specific immune response. HBcdDOB120 and DOBV rN represent promising vaccine candidates that should be tested for their protective potential in a DOBV challenge model as soon as one gets available. Additionally, as protection might be partially based on N-specific antibodies, their role in protecting against a hantavirus infection should be characterised further.

<p dir="ltr">The recent global pandemic, COVID-19, has revealed to all the importance of understanding the complex relationship between viruses and hosts. Before COVID-19, I started my study of viral protein-host lipid interactions in the hemorrhagic fevers Ebola and Marburg viruses. These viruses contain a matrix protein that interacts with the plasma membrane to facilitate the formation of both authentic viruses and virus-like particles. My goal was to understand the limitations of their specific host lipid interactions. However, when the COVID-19 pandemic began, so to be our swift response in the development of a biosafety level 2 compatible model. This model can be used for studying severe acute respiratory distress syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) assembly, egress, and entry. This model enabled exponentially greater access to more facilities to study the intricacies of SARS-CoV-2 assembly. With more access to studying the virus in a safe model, our goal is to push the understanding of viral assembly faster. I then began to take apart the individual pieces of the model and started to look at understanding the roles that they play independently. The membrane protein is the most abundant structural protein and I studied the specific lipid interactions of the soluble fraction of the protein. Physicians observed nucleocapsid protein mutations in the clinic with the increasing number of SARS-CoV-2 variants that are on the rise. The microscopy data collected can give us more insight into perhaps how the nucleocapsid protein induces the formation of filopodia structures at the plasma membrane. The envelope protein proved to be a challenge, but I determined a specific envelope and ceramide interaction in cells. The envelope protein was also causing the formation of microvesicles for an undefined function. I was able to determine the subcellular localization of the protein to the mitochondria. The localization to the mitochondria appears to induce depolarization of the mitochondria membrane action potential and induces the increase in mitochondria dysfunction signal, cytochrome c. Although the mitochondria were dysfunctional, there was no increase in apoptosis signal in the presence of the protein alone.</p>