L'analyse de réseaux (représentés par des graphes) est une composante importante dans la compréhension de systèmes complexes issus de nombreuses disciplines telles que la biologie, la géographie ou la sociologie. Nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse aux décompositions de ces réseaux. Ces décompositions sont utiles pour la compression des données, la détection de communautés ou la visualisation de graphes. Une décomposition possible est un partitionnement hiérarchique des sommets du graphe. Nous traitons de l'évaluation de la qualité de telles structures (leur capacité à bien capturer la topologie du graphe) par le biais de mesures de qualité. Nous discutons ensuite l'utilisation de ces mesures en tant que fonctions objectives à maximiser dans le cadre d'algorithmes de partitionnement. Enfin, nous nous intéressons à la définition de métaphores visuelles efficaces permettant de représenter différentes décompositions de graphes.

Les caractéristiques que possède un SMA (distribution de l'intelligence, autonomie, coopération et coordination entre les différentes entités, etc.) n'ont fait qu'élargir leurs domaines d'applications. Cette multiplicité a rendu les SMA complexes, difficiles à analyser dans leur comportement et délicats à évaluer dans leurs performances. La visualisation de l'exécution est une des techniques largement utilisées en évaluation des performances pour des systèmes parallèles. Cette technique fait partie de la phase de mise au point pour les performances. Elle constitue une aide importante pour la compréhension des comportements et par conséquent pour l'étude, la comparaison et l'amélioration des performances des systèmes informatiques. Dans cette thèse nous proposons une approche d'évaluation des SMA basée sur l'étude de comportements interne des agents. Nous présentons un système de visualisation des SMA, MAS-Paje. Ce système traite des étapes de visualisation de l'étape de collecte de données jusqu'à obtenir un fichier de trace de l'exécution d'un SMA conforme au format de trace (SDDF) exigés par l'outil de visualisation Paje des SMA basées sur un modèle prédéfini. Une dimension communication est ajoutée au travail de visualisation dans le but d'étudier le travail collectif des agents. Les travaux sont validés par des expérimentations sur plusieurs SMA implémentant l'application de collecte de minerais.

Le procédé de fabrication de mélanges (PM) consiste à déterminer les proportions optimales à mélanger d'un ensemble de composants de façon que le produit obtenu satisfasse un ensemble de spécifications sur leurs propriétés. Deux caractéristiques importantes du problème de mélange sont les bornes dures sur les propriétés du mélange et l'incertitude répandue dans le procédé. Dans ce travail, on propose une méthode pour la production de mélanges robustes en temps réel qui minimise le coût de la recette et la sur-qualité du mélange. La méthode est basée sur les techniques de l'Optimisation Robuste et sur l'hypothèse que les lois des mélange sont linéaires. On exploite les polytopes sous-jacents pour mesurer, visualiser et caractériser l'infaisabilité du PM et on analyse la modification des bornes sur les composants pour guider le procédé vers le ''meilleur'' mélange robuste. On propose un ensemble d'indicateurs et de visualisations en vue d'offrir une aide à la décision.

Distances between dispersed locations may be largely overcome through efficient use of modern data transfer and communication systems. Unfortunately the conclusions drawn from research and surveys carried out in the industry show that companies generally fail in using information technologies properly and that there is a significant communication gap - therefore coordination and cooperation gap - between the site offices and the main office due to data transfer lags and lack of visualised information. How information is presented has a great bearing on quality of information and visualisation is one of the most important tools used to improve data presentation. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the extent of visualisation as a communication tool in construction industry and to determine potential benefits to be gained through implementation of visualisation. Therefore, available visualisation resources are investigated among Turkish AEC companies. The current status of visualisation use for communication in construction firms is mapped and described. Information flow contents and types are analysed to determine which information in the construction process can be visually represented. Finally, a QFD approach is used for a combined evaluation of the research findings together with the customer needs and requirements expected from visualised information.

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This thesis presents an in-depth investigation into the practical use of 3D for software visualisation. This work presents the first comprehensive user-centred study which examines the software engineering tasks users undertake currently, the issues that 3D addresses and a measure of benefit of the 3D solution compared to traditional approaches. This thesis also presents a mechanism for creating 3D software visualisations, a refined evaluation methodology and visualisation heuristics that together provide a valuable resource for further research into this area. The research results have been structured so they are directly applicable to industry and as such are already undergoing industrial adoption. This has been achieved through the following: Firstly the research augments current and accepted software visualisation approaches by basing the visual notation on the Unified Modelling Language (UML). This has enabled the current visual software engineering tasks to be studied and for representative user tasks to be captured and quantified. The 3D visualisations then complement the current working practices by solving

This thesis presents an in-depth investigation into the practical use of 3D for software visualisation. This work presents the first comprehensive user-centred study which examines the software engineering tasks users undertake currently, the issues that 3D addresses and a measure of benefit of the 3D solution compared to traditional approaches. This thesis also presents a mechanism for creating 3D software visualisations, a refined evaluation methodology and visualisation heuristics that together provide a valuable resource for further research into this area. The research results have been structured so they are directly applicable to industry and as such are already undergoing industrial adoption. This has been achieved through the following: Firstly the research augments current and accepted software visualisation approaches by basing the visual notation on the Unified Modelling Language (UML). This has enabled the current visual software engineering tasks to be studied and for representative user tasks to be captured and quantified. The 3D visualisations then complement the current working practices by solving

This thesis presents an in-depth investigation into the practical use of 3D for software visualisation. This work presents the first comprehensive user-centred study which examines the software engineering tasks users undertake currently, the issues that 3D addresses and a measure of benefit of the 3D solution compared to traditional approaches. This thesis also presents a mechanism for creating 3D software visualisations, a refined evaluation methodology and visualisation heuristics that together provide a valuable resource for further research into this area. The research results have been structured so they are directly applicable to industry and as such are already undergoing industrial adoption. This has been achieved through the following: Firstly the research augments current and accepted software visualisation approaches by basing the visual notation on the Unified Modelling Language (UML). This has enabled the current visual software engineering tasks to be studied and for representative user tasks to be captured and quantified. The 3D visualisations then complement the current working practices by solving

This thesis presents an in-depth investigation into the practical use of 3D for software visualisation. This work presents the first comprehensive user-centred study which examines the software engineering tasks users undertake currently, the issues that 3D addresses and a measure of benefit of the 3D solution compared to traditional approaches. This thesis also presents a mechanism for creating 3D software visualisations, a refined evaluation methodology and visualisation heuristics that together provide a valuable resource for further research into this area. The research results have been structured so they are directly applicable to industry and as such are already undergoing industrial adoption. This has been achieved through the following: Firstly the research augments current and accepted software visualisation approaches by basing the visual notation on the Unified Modelling Language (UML). This has enabled the current visual software engineering tasks to be studied and for representative user tasks to be captured and quantified. The 3D visualisations then complement the current working practices by solving

Habilitation - Universität, Stuttgart. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [249]-275) and index.