Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The possible advantages of vitamin D supplementation on various cardiometabolic conditions have been examined over the past few years. Vitamin D supplementation has possibly shown effects on each of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome i.e.: obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and glucose intolerance. The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain whether or not vitamin D supplementation has any effect on any of the components of the metabolic syndrome. We searched the (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails (Central), Medline, Science direct, ISI Web of knowledge and Scopus during 2010 (repeated search in 2012). We found four randomized controlled trials that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three hundred and seventy three patients were included in these four randomized controlled trails comparing vitamin D supplementation with placebo. Duration of treatment was a minimum of 4 weeks, through to a maximum of on-year. The different trials looked at various components of the metabolic syndrome as outcomes. The results were not consistent amongst the trials and the results could not be combined in a meta-analysis due to heterogeneity in study design and outcomes measured. The current systematic review highlights the shortcomings in the published data and we recommend further trials be undertaken before vitamin D supplementation can be recommended as beneficial for patients with the metabolic syndrome. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die moontlike voordele van vitamien D-aanvullings op verskillende kardiometaboliese toestande is oor die afgelope paar jaar ondersoek. Daar is aangetoon dat vitamien Daanvullings uitwerkings het op elk van die individuele komponente van die metaboliese sindroom naamlik vetsug, hipertensie, dislipidemie en glukose-intoleransie. Die doel van hierdie sistematiese oorsig was om vas te stel of vitamien D-aanvullings enige uitwerking het op enige van die komponente van die metaboliese sindroom of nie. Ons het gedurende 2010 soektogte uitgevoer op die Cochrane Sentrale register van gekontroleerde proewe (Central), Medline, Science Direct, ISI Web of Knowledge en Scopus (soektog is in 2012 herhaal). Ons het vier verewekansigde gekontroleerde proewe wat aan ons insluiting- en uitsluitingskriteria voldoen het, opgespoor. Driehonderd drie en sewentig pasiënte is by die vier proewe ingesluit. Al vier proewe het vitamien D-aanvullings met plasebo vergelyk. Die duur van behandeling het van 4 weke tot een jaar gestrek. Die verskillende proewe het gekyk na verskillende komponente van die metaboliese sindroom as uitkomste. Die resultate van die onderskeie proewe was nie konsekwent nie. Die huidige sistematiese oorsig belig die tekortkominge in die gepubliseerde data en ons beveel aan dat verdere proewe onderneem word om vas te stel of dit nuttig is om vitamien D aanvullings vir pasiënte met die metaboliese sindroom aan te beveel, en of dit dalk skadelik kan wees.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-13T13:28:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-23. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-13T13:33:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855702.pdf: 1803642 bytes, checksum: dea7988d55fe2132d8ebc5a1236956ae (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A vitamina A tem importância na nutrição humana, uma vez que a sua deficiência é considerada um sério problema de saúde pública e de morbimortalidade infantil. Carotenóides pró-vitamina A, particularmente o β-caroteno proveniente de determinados alimentos de origem vegetal, são importantes fontes de vitamina A para muitas populações. Durante o processo de bioconversão os carotenóides são clivados pela enzima citossólica β-caroteno 15,15'-monooxigenase 1 (BCMO1). Dois polimorfismos (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms - SNPs) no gene BCMO1, R267S: rs12934922 e A379V: rs7501331, foram identificados em populações de etnias Caucasiana, Japonesa e Chinesa, podendo causar redução da atividade enzimática da BCMO1 e justificar a ampla diferença inter-individual na bioconversão do β-caroteno em vitamina A. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar a frequência das variantes polimórficas A379V e R267S/A379V do gene BCMO1 em três grupos populacionais brasileiros (brancos, negros e japoneses) e avaliar a relação entre os SNPs com as concentrações séricas de β-caroteno e retinol entre os três diferentes grupos étnicos. Cada grupo foi composto de 100 indivíduos voluntários, com ancestralidades Europeia, Africana e Japonesa, sendo 50% do gênero feminino e 50% do gênero masculino. Foram avaliadas as concentrações séricas de β-caroteno, retinol, zinco eritrocitário, linfócitos, proteína C-reativa, α-1-glicoproteína ácida e a ingestão alimentar de Vitamina A. Amostras de saliva e esfoliado de células da mucosa oral foram coletadas para a extração de DNA com posterior genotipagem dos SNPs A379V: rs7501331 e R267S: rs12934922 por RT-PCR. As frequências das variantes alélicas R267S e A379V com, pelo menos, um alelo T para os indivíduos com ancestralidade Europeia foram 63,0% e 44,0%, respectivamente, com ancestralidade Africana, 48,0% e 18,0%, respectivamente, e com ancestralidade Japonesa, 21,0% e 27,0%,... / Vitamin A is important in human nutrition, since deficiency is considered a serious public health and child mortality. Provitamin A carotenoids, particularly β-carotene from certain plant foods are important sources of vitamin A for many populations. During the bioconversion process carotenoids are cleaved by cytosolic enzyme β-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1). Two polymorphisms (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms - SNPs) in BCMO1 gene, R267S: rs12934922 and A379V: rs7501331, were identified in ethnic populations of Caucasian, Japanese and Chinese, and it may cause reduced enzyme activity BCMO1 and justify the wide inter-individual differences in bioconversion of β-carotene into vitamin A. The aims of this study were to identify the frequency of polymorphic variants A379V and R267S/A379V of BCMO1 gene in three population groups (whites, blacks and Japanese) and evaluate the relationship between SNPs with serum β-carotene and retinol among three different ethnic groups. Each group was composed of 100 volunteers, with European, African and Japanese ancestry, and 50% were female and 50% male. Were evaluated plasmatic concentrations of β-carotene, retinol, zinc erythrocyte, lymphocytes, C-reactive protein, α-1-acid glycoprotein and dietary intake of Vitamin A. Samples of saliva and oral mucosa exfoliated cells were collected for DNA extraction with subsequent genotyping of SNPs R267S: rs12934922 and A379V: rs7501331 by RT-PCR. The frequencies of allelic variants R267S and A379V at least one T allele for individuals with European ancestry were 63.0% and 44.0%, respectively, African ancestry, 48.0% and 18.0%, respectively, and Japanese ancestry, 21.0 % and 27.0%, respectively. The results show, so unique, that the frequencies of polymorphic variants of the polymorphic variants A379V and R267S BCMO1 gene in Brazilian population groups evaluated depend on ethnicity for both SNPs. The polymorphic variants observed do not seem to ... / FAPESP: 2011/07057-2

Orientador: Lúcia Regina Ribeiro / Coorientador: Daisy Maria Favero Salvadori / Banca: Marcos Ferreira Minicucci / Banca: Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira / Banca: Mário Sérgio Mantovani / Banca: Raquel Alves dos Santos / Resumo: A vitamina A tem importância na nutrição humana, uma vez que a sua deficiência é considerada um sério problema de saúde pública e de morbimortalidade infantil. Carotenóides pró-vitamina A, particularmente o β-caroteno proveniente de determinados alimentos de origem vegetal, são importantes fontes de vitamina A para muitas populações. Durante o processo de bioconversão os carotenóides são clivados pela enzima citossólica β-caroteno 15,15'-monooxigenase 1 (BCMO1). Dois polimorfismos (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms - SNPs) no gene BCMO1, R267S: rs12934922 e A379V: rs7501331, foram identificados em populações de etnias Caucasiana, Japonesa e Chinesa, podendo causar redução da atividade enzimática da BCMO1 e justificar a ampla diferença inter-individual na bioconversão do β-caroteno em vitamina A. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar a frequência das variantes polimórficas A379V e R267S/A379V do gene BCMO1 em três grupos populacionais brasileiros (brancos, negros e japoneses) e avaliar a relação entre os SNPs com as concentrações séricas de β-caroteno e retinol entre os três diferentes grupos étnicos. Cada grupo foi composto de 100 indivíduos voluntários, com ancestralidades Europeia, Africana e Japonesa, sendo 50% do gênero feminino e 50% do gênero masculino. Foram avaliadas as concentrações séricas de β-caroteno, retinol, zinco eritrocitário, linfócitos, proteína C-reativa, α-1-glicoproteína ácida e a ingestão alimentar de Vitamina A. Amostras de saliva e esfoliado de células da mucosa oral foram coletadas para a extração de DNA com posterior genotipagem dos SNPs A379V: rs7501331 e R267S: rs12934922 por RT-PCR. As frequências das variantes alélicas R267S e A379V com, pelo menos, um alelo T para os indivíduos com ancestralidade Europeia foram 63,0% e 44,0%, respectivamente, com ancestralidade Africana, 48,0% e 18,0%, respectivamente, e com ancestralidade Japonesa, 21,0% e 27,0%,... / Abstract: Vitamin A is important in human nutrition, since deficiency is considered a serious public health and child mortality. Provitamin A carotenoids, particularly β-carotene from certain plant foods are important sources of vitamin A for many populations. During the bioconversion process carotenoids are cleaved by cytosolic enzyme β-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1). Two polymorphisms (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms - SNPs) in BCMO1 gene, R267S: rs12934922 and A379V: rs7501331, were identified in ethnic populations of Caucasian, Japanese and Chinese, and it may cause reduced enzyme activity BCMO1 and justify the wide inter-individual differences in bioconversion of β-carotene into vitamin A. The aims of this study were to identify the frequency of polymorphic variants A379V and R267S/A379V of BCMO1 gene in three population groups (whites, blacks and Japanese) and evaluate the relationship between SNPs with serum β-carotene and retinol among three different ethnic groups. Each group was composed of 100 volunteers, with European, African and Japanese ancestry, and 50% were female and 50% male. Were evaluated plasmatic concentrations of β-carotene, retinol, zinc erythrocyte, lymphocytes, C-reactive protein, α-1-acid glycoprotein and dietary intake of Vitamin A. Samples of saliva and oral mucosa exfoliated cells were collected for DNA extraction with subsequent genotyping of SNPs R267S: rs12934922 and A379V: rs7501331 by RT-PCR. The frequencies of allelic variants R267S and A379V at least one T allele for individuals with European ancestry were 63.0% and 44.0%, respectively, African ancestry, 48.0% and 18.0%, respectively, and Japanese ancestry, 21.0 % and 27.0%, respectively. The results show, so unique, that the frequencies of polymorphic variants of the polymorphic variants A379V and R267S BCMO1 gene in Brazilian population groups evaluated depend on ethnicity for both SNPs. The polymorphic variants observed do not seem to ... / Doutor

Previous studies have revealed that marginal vitamin A deficiency poses a common public health problem among poor population groups in Southern Brazil. Nutrification programs in Guatemala (sugar) and in the Philippines (MSG) have resulted in improved vitamin A status, accompanied by positive changes in the anthropometric and general health status. Accordingly, the main purpose of the present pilot study was to evaluate the potential impact of vitamin A nutrified soybean oil on the vitamin A status of a selected community in Southern Brazil. Additional objectives were to assess the vitamin A and general nutritional status of the participants. The study was conducted in Vila Piratininga, a shanty town located on the periphery of Ribeirao Preto, a typical agricultural town in the sugarcane and coffee region of the state of Sao Paulo. Fifty-seven families were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups and were provided for four months with soybean oil that was either fortified with vitamin A (92,000 IU of retinyl palmitate per one litre can) or unfortified. To evaluate the impact of nutrification, biochemical and dietary indicators of vitamin A status were assessed before and after the supplementation. Dietary intake data were obtained from the female head of each household using the 24 hour recall method. Additional information on the usual consumption pattern of vitamin A containing foods was collected at the start of the study, using a food frequency questionnaire. Plasma retinol and (β-carotene levels of all subjects were analysed. Anthropometric measurements served as additional indicator of general nutritional status. Furthermore, throughout the intervention mothers, were questioned about the incidence of diarrhea and respiratory diseases among their children. Results from the serum vitamin A analysis at baseline confirmed that vitamin A deficiency was a public health problem among this low income population. Forty percent (control group) and 59% (experimental group) of preschool children, the most vulnerable age group, had low or deficient serum retinol concentrations. Plasma (β -carotene and dietary data showed that the intake of vitamin A and carotenoids from the rice and bean based diet was very low. The consumption of nutrified soybean oil increased the estimated daily vitamin A intake of the experimental group by 500% (p<0.001). However, this improved intake was not reflected in plasma retinol levels. Plasma vitamin A values of supplemented individuals dropped significantly (p<0.001) during the intervention, indicating that vitamin A nutrified soybean oil was not effective in improving their vitamin A status. The lack of response to supplementation in this study does not necessarily suggest that soybean oil is not a feasible vehicle for vitamin A nutrification. The fortified oil was well accepted by the participants and used daily for the preparation of meals; eventual losses of vitamin A during cooking and/or storage can be regarded as minimal. Therefore, this negative impact is more likely due to other factors. In populations with marginal vitamin A deficiency, as in Vila. Piratininga, the limitations of serum retinol levels as an accurate indicator of vitamin A body reserves should be appreciated. In addition, morbidity data revealed that infections were common among participating children. Infections may have impaired vitamin A absorption and utilization, increased requirements and consequently interfered with a successful nutrification. This was the first study to use vegetable oil as the carrier for vitamin A. Although this trial did not result in the expected impact on vitamin A status of the present study population, the feasibility of this vehicle should be further studied. In future investigations, the relative dose response test (RDR), which is a more sensitive index of vitamin A body reserves, should be performed on a subsample of the whole study population. Furthermore, concurrent reduction in the magnitude and severity of precipitating or contributary risk factors such as parasitic infestation, diarrheal and respiratory infections could improve the outcome of a nutrification intervention. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

The purpose of this study is to determine the thiamine values of college women using Najjar and Holt's "fasting hour test."

No description available.

The vitamin B-6 status of seemingly healthy adolescent girls was determined using several accepted and proposed parameters in an effort to establish guidelines for status evaluation. HPLC-derived plasma B-6 vitamer [pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), pyridoxine phosphate (PNP), pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), and pyridoxamine (PM)] and 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) concentrations and urinary 4-PA levels of 28 white adolescent females, 12-15 years, having radiomonitored plasma PLP concentrations and coenzyme stimulation of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activities indicative of adequate status were determined. Mean daily vitamin B-6 and protein intakes of the subjects were 1.48 mg and 78.3 g, respectively. The ranges for plasma B-6 vitamer and 4-PA concentrations for these subjects which had seemingly adequate vitamin B-6 status were as follows: (nmol/L) PLP, 40.9-122.2; PNP, 0-16.1; PMP, 0-8.1; PL, 0- 15.0; PN, 0-21.9; PM, 0-17.8; and 4-PA, 0-55.7. PLP was the predominant plasma B-6 vitamer as well as being the only vitamer found in plasma of all subjects. Urinary 4-PA concentrations of the girls ranged from 0.11-2.50 pmol/mmol creatinine. The B-6 vitamer values of these white adolescent girls should be of use in the establishment of normal ranges for vitamin B-6 status parameters. HPLC methodologies seem to be advantageous for the rapid and accurate assessment of vitamin B-6 status. / Ph. D.

published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Public Health

In this investigation the seric retinol levels were determined in order to relate them with consumed diets by preschool- and school-aged children and the prevalence of anemia in the communities of Cuambo and La Rinconada, Imbabura province, in order to later compare them with reference values. Blood samples were taken from 74 children from the two communities, 30 in La Rinconada and 44 in Cuambo, beneficiaries of the Benson Institute, to determine retinol, ferritin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Also, a 24-hour record with frequency of food consumption survey was given to the studied children's parents, making a sample of 56 families. Among the principal results we can determine that the inhabitants of the two communities have a low consumption of foods rich in Vitamin A compared to recommendations, despite having family gardens that include a large quantity of foods rich in this micronutrient.