Trauma has been studied sporadically in the past. The Council on Accreditation for Counseling and Related Programs (CACREP, 2016) created several standards that address crises, disasters, and other trauma-causing events. These standards address the importance of the studying of trauma for those in the counseling profession. The broadly written standards do not have competencies that would address more specifically how best to implement the standards. This study used the Delphi Method to seek the experts help with creating competencies for the standards created by CACREP that address crises, disasters, and other trauma-causing events. The results will be the development of trauma competencies that can be used by counselor educators to train future counselors about trauma.

The scholarly literature surrounding counselor supervision suggests that relational bonds built on liking, trusting, and caring between supervisors and counselors positively impact counselor willingness to disclose practice errors and ethical issues in supervision. This Delphi study explored the opinions of expert public rehabilitation supervisors regarding issues that affect the development and maintenance of relational bonds, as well as what factors affect counselor willingness to disclose in supervision, particularly minor ethical issues that may become more serious if not openly addressed. Forty-three supervisors who met the study criteria for experts were nominated for participation by TACE directors and public VR administrators. Expert criteria included five or more years of counselor supervision experience, possession of a Master's degree in Rehabilitation Counseling or related fields, and previous supervision training. This Delphi study was designed to solicit the insights of expert supervisors and add to the base of research knowledge concerning counselor supervision. The study is significant because it is the first of its kind to be pursued exclusively among public rehabilitation supervisors exploring how relational bonds, counselor disclosure, and ethics are integrated into rehabilitation counseling practice. Experts submitted their input using online questionnaires and were anonymous to other group members. In Round One, experts answered four open-ended questions regarding bonds and disclosure. In Rounds Two and Three, they ranked the importance of 39 Likert-scaled questions developed from Round One responses. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each round, and significance was tested using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The major findings of this Delphi study were that trust has the most impact on the development of relational bonds, and that anticipated supervisor reactions are the biggest factor in counselor disclosure. Experts rated availability and fairness as the most important factors for bond development, and cultivation of trust as the highest-ranked strategy for facilitating disclosure. Experts ranked counselor fear of recrimination of lower importance than the literature indicates. The extent of expert understanding regarding the differences between egregious and non-egregious ethical behaviors was unclear. Suggestions for further investigation include (a) a Delphi study of expert rehabilitation counselors regarding bonds and disclosure, (b) examining supervisor needs for support from administration, (c) continuing education for supervisors and counselors regarding non-egregious ethical errors, and (d) reviewing ethics training opportunities for non-CRC supervisors and counselors in public rehabilitation agencies.

This study used qualitative research method to examine the values and experiences of parents raising adolescent children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It aimed to understand their perspectives, priorities, practices and concerns. Such contextual knowledge can inform practitioners to help parents achieve their parenting goals. Ethiopia is also undergoing numerous cultural, economic and social changes that call for examining existing approaches to raising adolescent children. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) guided the process of this study. This qualitative method is useful to study daily experiences that have significance to participants (Brocki & Wearden, 2006). Eight Ethiopian parents from Addis Ababa who raised at least one adolescent child during the period of this study were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were used to ask parents about their perspectives on an array of topics including the meaning of adolescence, parental aspirations, parental expectations, discipline, parent-child communication and parenting concerns. Nvivo, a Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQAS) was used to manage all data and theme development process. Data analysis generated obedience and marriage, dating and sexuality as superordinate themes. The following subthemes were developed under obedience: culture and family; respect and Relationships; educational and career success; approaches to raising obedient children and challenges against raising obedient children. Findings showed that parents aspire to raise obedient children. The second theme, marriage dating and sexuality showed the emphasis participants gave to delaying dating and intimacy experiences of their children until after their children were closer to getting married or became economically independent. Most parents described the period of adolescence as a time when children show more defiance toward parental expectations and thereby a call for more parental control and monitoring. Participants often used advice giving, supervision, limiting their children’s exposures and punishment to achieve their parenting goals. Few parents advocated for the use of high control on adolescent children while most parents stated that coercive measures do not help to raise obedient children. The results of this study showed that most participants expressed authoritarian perspectives and approaches that impose high expectations on children while providing low parental support that help children achieve parental goals. Recommendations and implications for future research, teaching and practice called for the importance of developing and using contextual knowledge to help parents in Ethiopia raise healthy and successful children.

With over 2.3 million individuals in a states, federal prison and/or local jail, the United States has the largest prison population in the world. Ninety-five percent of all offenders incarcerated will return to society at some point in their lives; nevertheless, at least two-third recidivate within three years of their parole/post-release and return to prison. The high volume of offenders contributing to the crime rates, enormous prison growth and the budget needed for correctional operation, has led scholars, policymakers, and correctional officials, in addition to society as a whole, to give great attention in discovering and determining ways to break the repetitive cycle of incarceration and recidivism. Once an offender returns to society after incarceration, they face perplexing challenging barriers, and obstacles that impedes upon their ability to resist crime and complete parole supervision. For African American men, these challenging barriers and obstacles are exacerbated, because of their race and gender. Research shows that African American men are disproportionally represented, among the incarceration rates, prison population and are highly susceptible to factors that lead to recidivism. The purpose of this study sought to gain more in-depth understanding of former African American male offenders’ experiences and perceptions of resisting crime and completing parole/post-release supervision. In particular, this study used qualitative methods to interview six African American men, in order to determine the significant impact which social and personal factors led them to successful parole/post-release supervision completion. The results of this study indicated that African American male offenders have the ability to complete parole/post-release supervision, when provided the opportunity to gain employment, higher levels of education and vocational training, strong support from their family and friend, establish positive social networks, participate in rehabilitative programs. The research further revealed other contributing factors aids in their success as well.

The possibility that there are clients who are battered presenting themselves for vocational services without the battering relationship being identified or addressed was explored. Implications were drawn as to the influence early identification will have upon the formulation and successful completion of the Individualized Written Rehabilitation Plan.

This project investigates the many influences throughout the life span that interact to cause obesity. Heredity factors, overfeeding in infancy and childhood, repeated dieting, inactivity, lifestyle and psychosocial conditions all contribute to the incidence of obesity.

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As counselors become aware of the importance of providing culturally sensitive counseling, they can use evaluation and assessment to support client career development (Swanson & Fouad, 2014). For culturally sensitive career assessment, counselors should understand cultural factors, including the values and level of acculturation that may influence the career development process (Byars-Winston, 2014; Leong & Gim-Chung, 1995). To address this issue, this study developed and validated the Career Maturity Inventory: A Korean Form based on the Career Maturity Inventory - Counseling Form C (Savickas & Porfeli, 2011). Using Korean high students, this study validated the Korean version of the Career Maturity Inventory by translating it from English into Korean and then back from Korean into English. The structures of the two versions of the Career Maturity Inventory were comparable. This is meaningful because cross-culturally valid career inventories for adolescents who have different ethnic and cultural backgrounds create opportunities for evaluating career development and supporting career issues.