Ce mémoire vise à mettre à l'épreuve les contributions scientifiques des auteurs qui critiquent la médicalisation de l'enjeu suicidaire. Selon eux, l'idée d'une relation causale entre le suicide et la maladie mentale est devenue une évidence acceptée dans les milieux scientifiques et profanes. Cette conception dominante est critiquée car elle oriente les stratégies de prévention du suicide vers des interventions médicales, négligeant ainsi l'importance des facteurs structurels. Nous proposons d'explorer comment ces critiques résonnent avec le contexte québécois. Nous interrogeons également ces critiques en les replaçant au sein d'un large éventail d'approches concernant le suicide, y compris les expertises élaborées en sociologie, psychologie et épidémiologie. En étayant notre examen de la littérature par une démonstration de la complexité théorique du suicide, nous explorons la manière dont les experts intègrent les discours "médicalisés" parmi la diversité de ces connaissances. L'analyse proposée se concentre spécifiquement sur l'établissement d'une cartographie des représentations concernant les causes du suicide et les pratiques de prévention privilégiées. Pour mener cette analyse, nous étudierons les discours de douze professionnels québécois et analyserons le contenu de divers documents institutionnels rédigés par le gouvernement du Québec. / This master’s thesis aims to challenge the scientific contributions of authors who criticize the medicalization of concepts and treatments surrounding the topic of suicide. According to their arguments, the notion of a causal link between suicide and mental illness has become widely acknowledged within scientific and non-expert circles. This prevailing notion also plays a significant role in the public management of suicide, as it narrows down suicide prevention strategies to medical interventions. We intend to investigate how these critiques resonate within the context of Quebec. Furthermore, we also suggest interrogating these criticisms by situating them within a broad a broad range of approaches concerning suicide, including expertise from sociology, psychology, and epidemiology. By grounding our literature review in a demonstration of the intricate theoretical nature of suicide, we will delve into how professionals incorporate "medicalized" discourses within the scope of these competencies. The proposed analysis is specifically directed towards constructing a map of representations regarding the causes of suicide and prevention practices. To accomplish this, we will analyze the viewpoints of twelve Quebec-based professionals, as well as scrutinize the content of various institutional documents produced by the Quebec government.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nilson Berenchtein Netto.pdf: 2658260 bytes, checksum: 8c4838c57f3b600144ade495c2e584f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-28 / This research is a historical investigation, of bibliographical matrix, which aims to contribute to the building of a history of suicide in Brazil, from the role played by the education in relation to this phenomenon. The studied period circumscribes to that in which such lands were a Portuguese colony. The colonial period was structured under the slavery and has as main form of education that one promoted by the religious orders, especially the Society of Jesus (until 1759, when the Marquis of Pombal drove them out). We take education here in its broad sense, not restricted to the formal aspect. Such religious education was intended to control the life and the death of slaves. It is necessary to clearly understand that both, the Indians and Africans who were enslaved,had cultural and religious traditions very different from European, which made connect in different ways with death. Thus, compared to the excesses committed by settlers and the fact that these slaves commonly dying from overwork to which they were exposed, it became a common occurrence among these enslaved workers give themselves up voluntarily to death, to escape to the destiny of a short life, full of sufferings, and to undermine the slave masters or to escape punishment or separation of family and friends. Faced with this situation, the Catholic Church had a vital role, to inculcate in these individuals (mostly slaves, but also in the settlers) the guilt and the fear related to the voluntary death, a fact which allowed a strong entrance of the church in the control of the colony and fiercer exploitation by masters to their slaves, because each one shall bear his cross. In general, these lessons were transmitted through the sermons and prayers (mainly funeral and Lenten) uttered in public by the priests, but also in other types of situations, like for sermons printed in Portugal and circulated in the the colony or during the confessions. The Treatises of Moral Theology used in the formation of priests sometimes also devoted several pages to the issue of voluntary death and the way in which should the religious deal with and it and with those who search of it or conquer it. All items shown here, more extensive and detailed are presented and analyzed in this. The documental sources are the mentioned sermons and treatises, as well as texts of that period that could contribute to the contextualization of the phenomenon in the studied time and/or in the preceding history aiding in it s understanding. The documents are analyzed from a Marxist perspective in the History of Psychology and of the Cultural Historical Psychology / Esta pesquisa é uma investigação histórica, de cunho bibliográfico, que busca contribuir para a construção de uma história do suicídio no Brasil, a partir do papel que teve a educação em relação a tal fenômeno. O período estudado circunscreve-se àquele em que essas terras eram colônia portuguesa. O período colonial estruturou-se sobre o escravagismo e teve como principal forma de educação aquela promovida pelas ordens religiosas, principalmente pela Companhia de Jesus, além disso, toma-se aqui a educação em sentido amplo, sem restringir-se a seu aspecto formal. Tal educação religiosa tinha o objetivo de controlar a vida e a morte de colonos e escravos. Tanto os indígenas quanto os africanos que foram escravizados, tinham tradições culturais e religiosas bastante diferentes das europeias, o que fazia com que se relacionassem de formas diferentes com a morte. Com isso, frente aos excessos cometidos pelos colonizadores e o fato de comumente esses escravos morrerem devido ao sobretrabalho a que eram expostos, tornou-se fato comum entre esses trabalhadores escravizados darse voluntariamente à morte, tanto para escapar ao destino de uma vida curta, cheia de sofrimentos, como para prejudicar aos senhores de escravos ou para fugir de castigos ou da separação dos familiares e amigos. A igreja católica teve um papel fundamental nesse processo, o de inculcar nesses indivíduos a culpa e o medo relacionados à morte voluntaria, fato que permitia uma forte entrada da igreja no controle da colônia e a exploração mais acirrada por parte dos senhores a seus escravos. Esses ensinamentos eram transmitidos através dos sermões e orações proferidos publicamente pelos sacerdotes, mas também em outras situações, como sermões impressos e confissões. Os Tratados de Teologia Moral muitas vezes dedicavam algumas páginas à questão da morte voluntária e da forma como deveria o religioso lidar com ela. Todos os elementos aqui expostos, de maneira mais abrangente e pormenorizada são analisados neste trabalho. As fontes documentais são os já mencionados sermões e tratados, além de textos de época que possam contribuir para a contextualização do fenômeno tanto no momento estudado quanto na história precedente ajudando em sua melhor compreensão. Os documentos são analisados a partir de uma perspectiva marxista em História da Psicologia e da Psicologia Histórico-cultural