Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-31T13:23:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CIBELLE MARA REZENDE FELINTO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2016.pdf: 3852337 bytes, checksum: 70e2fd1ed39a58e0a5b5613b077460c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T13:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CIBELLE MARA REZENDE FELINTO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2016.pdf: 3852337 bytes, checksum: 70e2fd1ed39a58e0a5b5613b077460c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-23 / Capes / Nesse estudo objetivou-se identificar a sustentabilidade da utilização dos recursos hídricos para João Pessoa, capital do Estado da Paraíba e localizada na Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Paraíba. Foram identificadas as principais forças motrizes, pressões, estado do meio ambiente e impacto sobre os recursos hídricos exercidos por essa cidade nas bacias em que ela está inserida, bem como as referidas medidas de respostas existentes e potenciais. A pesquisa utilizou-se do Sistema de Indicadores de Sustentabilidade Força Motriz-Pressão-Estado-Impacto-Resposta (FPEIR) para alcançar os seus objetivos. Após a montagem do modelo, foram selecionados 26 indicadores para representar a sustentabilidade das bacias, e alguns dos quais foram analisados em conjunto. Esses indicadores ajudaram a analisar a disponibilidade e a qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas da região estudada. A aplicação do modelo FPEIR mostrou que os mananciais das duas bacias que abastecem João Pessoa não estão sendo geridos sustentavelmente. Os resultados mostram que a população de João Pessoa exerce notável pressão sobre os recursos hídricos das bacias em estudo em ambos os aspectos: qualitativo e quantitativo. Evidencia-se, ainda, a necessidade de serem realizadas avaliações frequentes das condições de sustentabilidade das bacias hidrográficas envolvidas. Para isso, é necessário a atualização periódica dos dados referente às bacias, desenvolvendo estudos que possam auxiliar no planejamento integrado. / This study aimed to identify the sustainable use of the water resources to João Pessoa, the state capital of Paraíba, located in the basin of the river Paraíba. The main driving forces were identified, pressures, state of the environment and impact on the water resources held by this city in the basins in which it operates, as well as the measures of existing and potential responses. The research used the Sustainability Indicator System Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) to achieve their goals. After fitting the model, were selected 26 indicators to represent the sustainability of basins and indicators 26 have been identified, some of which were analyzed together. These indicators helped to analyze the availability and quality of the surface and groundwater in the region studied. The application of DPSIR model showed that the sources of the two basins that supply Joao Pessoa are not being managed sustainably. The results show that the population of Joao Pessoa exerts considerable pressure on the water resources in the basins studied in both aspects: qualitative and quantitative. It is evident also need to be carried out frequent assessments of the conditions of sustainability of watersheds involved. This requires periodic updating of data related to basins, developing studies that can assist in the integrated planning.

Submitted by ANDREA TEIXEIRA DE LIMA FRANCESCHINI null (andreafranceschini@globo.com) on 2016-04-29T15:19:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDREA_FINAL_UHU.pdf: 3602762 bytes, checksum: c42ba78af6b7cd87356ba1f56a3f2c3c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-02T18:27:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 franceschini_atl_me_soro.pdf: 3602762 bytes, checksum: c42ba78af6b7cd87356ba1f56a3f2c3c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T18:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 franceschini_atl_me_soro.pdf: 3602762 bytes, checksum: c42ba78af6b7cd87356ba1f56a3f2c3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-02 / Este estudo analisou a variabilidade das precipitações ocorridas na área da Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos Sorocaba e Médio Tietê da Região Hidrográfica do rio Tietê (UGRHI 10) e suas anomalias. Foram escolhidos 50 postos pluviométricos que representaram a área de estudo e adotou-se como intervalo de tempo o período de 1974 a 2008. Foi estudada a precipitação através dos seguintes parâmetros estatísticos: média, desvio padrão, coeficiente de variação, máximos, mínimos e amplitude. Também foi realizado a análise de séries temporais, sendo calculados os índices de concentração diário IC e mensal ICP, além da relação entre a porcentagem de dias consecutivos chuvosos e os percentuais acumulados de precipitação que contribuíram com as percentagens acumuladas de dias durante a ocorrência: PP5, PP10, PP15, PP20, PP50. A heterogeneidade da precipitação mensal foi analisada utilizando o índice de concentração da chuva (ICP), que é a quantidade de chuvas do mês, calculada para cada um dos pluviômetros e para cada ano, durante o período de estudo. A quantificação do déficit ou do excesso de precipitação em diferentes escalas de tempo foi realizada através do cálculo do Índice Padronizado de Precipitação (IPP) verificando a disponibilidade hídrica da área de estudo. Foi aplicada a Geoestatística para verificação da correlação espacial existente entre os postos pluviométricos escolhidos. No resultado destacam-se duas áreas: a primeira abrangendo as regiões sudeste e noroeste e a segunda as regiões centro-leste e centro-oeste. Na primeira que apresenta altitudes e declividades elevadas ocorreram os maiores valores do índice de concentração, enquanto a segunda que apresenta relevo suave e colinas amplas ocorreram os menores valores. Em relação as chuvas mensais, toda a Unidade apresentou concentração moderada. O ano de 1983 foi úmido apresentando excesso de precipitação, conforme observado nos valores de IPP positivos; já 1985 foi um ano seco, com déficit de precipitação onde foram encontrados os maiores valores negativos de IPP. / This study analyzed the variability of precipitation occurred in the area of Sorocaba Water Resources Management Unit and the Middle Tietê River Basin River Tietê (UGRHI 10) and its anomalies 50 rain gauges were chosen representing the study area and adopted as range the time period from 1974 to 2008. He was studying the fallout and its statistical parameters: mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, maximum, minimum and amplitude. It was performed the analysis of time series, with calculation of indices of daily IC and monthly ICP concentration and the relation between the percentage of rainy days in a row and the cumulative percentage of precipitation that contributed to the cumulative percentages of days the occurrence: PP5 , PP10, PP15, PP20, PP50. The heterogeneous monthly rainfall was analyzed using the concentration ratio rain ICPs is the amount of rainfall in the month calculated for each of the gauges and for each year during the study period. The quantification of the deficit or excess rainfall in different time scales was performed by calculating the Standardized Precipitation Index (IPP) checking the water availability in the study area. It was applied to Goestatistics to verify the existing spatial correlation between the selected rainfall stations. In the result we highlight two areas: the first covering the southeast and northwest and the second the central-eastern region and the midwest. In the first presenting elevations and slopes occurred the highest values of the concentration index and the second presenting mild relief and large hills showed the lowest values. Regarding the monthly rainfall, the entire unit had moderate concentration. The year 1983 was humid presenting excess rainfall, as noted in its positive IPP values since 1985 was a dry year with rainfall deficit where the biggest negative IPP were found.

The grant of water use is an instrument of the Brazilian Water Resources Policy that must be analyzed according to its legal, technician and social character. Concerning the legal character, the grant process structure must attend the current law; as regards the technique questions, the process assessment passes for the balance of water availability and demand; the social character is attended in the analysis of the preferential water uses in the river basin, to be definite by the population and considered in the balance calculation. The objective of the present research is the procedural improvement of water balance for grant, considering in an articulated manner in the technician, legal and social and aspects and the interaction between basins of rivers with different domains. The Ibicuí river basin, object of study, is characterized by the intense water use for irrigation of the rice cultivation. The basin has two well characterized conditions of contour: one in upstream, defined for the Santa Maria basin river, and other, downstream next to the outfall in the Uruguay river (river of national domain). The water balance is made with the aid of two decision support tools: the models CRUZ and OutorgaLS. The applicability of the models in solution of problems of grant for the study area is analyzed, considering the months of irrigation (November to February) of years whose water offers is equal to the lower limit of the reliable interval of 90% (dry years). The results, although different, demonstrate that the two models can be used for the formulation of scenes. These differences are based on the models characteristics, that possess different ways of presentation, but result in analysis of same trend. A social prospection, with questionnaire use, was ccomplished with the aim to get a vision of the society regarding the questions related to water resources. Moreover, the questionnaire served as spreading of the National System of Water Resources, since that, during the application, people had demonstrated interest in knowing the responsible by decision in the basin. As conclusion, it is observed that it is possible to use the models of integrated manner, using the best characteristics of both. The OutorgaLS model reveals adequate for simulation between different types of use, therefore, for users of same priority, the optimization model can not converge. In this case, for users of same type of use, the model CRUZ gets to optimize the water balance, to consider the ambient reserve and also to propose rationings. / A outorga de direito de uso dos recursos hídricos é um instrumento da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos brasileira que deve ser analisado segundo seu caráter legal, técnico e social. Quanto ao caráter legal, a estruturação do processo de outorga deve atender a legislação vigente; no que se refere às questões técnicas, o equacionamento passa pela realização do balanço de disponibilidade hídrica e demanda; já o caráter social é atendido com a análise dos usos preferenciais da água na bacia hidrográfica, a serem definidos pela população e considerados no equacionamento do balanço. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é o aprimoramento metodológico do balanço hídrico para a outorga, considerando, de forma articulada, os aspectos técnicos, legais, sociais e a interação entre bacias hidrográficas de rios de diferentes domínios. A bacia hidrográfica do rio Ibicuí, objeto do estudo, é caracterizada pelo intenso uso de água para irrigação da lavoura orizícola. A bacia possui duas condições de contorno bem caracterizadas: uma à montante, definida pela bacia do rio Santa Maria, e outra a jusante, próximo ao seu exutório junto ao rio Uruguai (rio de domínio da União). O balanço hídrico é feito com o auxílio de duas ferramentas de suporte à decisão: os modelos CRUZ e OutorgaLS. É analisada a aplicabilidade dos modelos na solução de problemas de outorga para a área de estudo, considerando os meses de irrigação (novembro a fevereiro) de anos cuja oferta hídrica iguala-se ao limite inferior do intervalo de confiança de 90% (anos secos). Os resultados obtidos, apesar de diferentes, demonstram que os dois modelos podem ser utilizados para a formulação dos cenários. Essas diferenças se fundamentam nas características dos modelos, que possuem formas diferentes de apresentação, mas resultam em análise de mesma tendência. Uma prospecção social, com utilização de questionário, foi realizada com o objetivo de obter uma visão da sociedade a respeito das questões relacionadas aos recursos hídricos. Além disso, o questionário serviu como divulgação do Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento dos Recursos Hídricos, uma vez que, durante a aplicação, as pessoas demonstraram interesse em conhecer os tomadores de decisão na bacia. Como conclusão, observa-se que é possível utilizar os modelos de forma integrada, aproveitando as melhores características de ambos. O modelo OutorgaLS mostra-se adequado para simulações entre diferentes tipos de uso, pois, para usuários de mesma prioridade, o modelo de otimização pode não convergir. Nesse caso, para usuários de mesmo tipo de uso, o modelo CRUZ consegue otimizar o balanço hídrico, considerar a reserva ambiental e inclusive propor racionamentos.

This study aims to provide subsidies for groundwater management at the basin of Rio Santa Maria-BHRSM. Located in the southwest of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, on the edge of Paraná Basin and transitioning towards the Uruguaio Sul-Riograndense Shield, has an area of 15,797,300 square kilometers. About 16 formations occur in outcrops Pavão (2004), of which 36% arises as the Guarani Aquifer System/GAS. The outcrop areas represent areas of direct recharge of GAS and of locally discharge on BHRSM. Four Hydrogeologic Domains have gathered CPRM (2007). Domains 1 and 2 form intergranular porous aquifers in 83.08%. Domains 5 and 6 form fissural aquifers in 16.92%. An outline for the use of draft coverage criteria was elaborated, for granting the use of groundwater: Global, Regional and Local. On the Global scale, were approached four Hydrogeologic Domains, three Hydrogeologic Provinces, seven Hydrogeologic Sub-Provinces; seven Hydrogeologic Systems (six aquifers and one aquitard) and sixteen Hydrostratigraphic Units. The Regional scale approaches the Catchment and its 21 Reference Hydrological Sections, designed for sectorizing the surface water studies and sometimes used for the management of groundwater. A database on 590 hydrogeological captures was developed. The potentiometric quotas indicating groundwater flow, vadose zone, concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids-TDS, nitrates concentrations and vulnerable to contamination of aquifers Method GOD Foster et al. (2006) were spacialized as thematic maps. The gathered information gave rise to the SIG-BHRSM shapefiles containing the plans relating to information for each theme. The preponderant use of groundwater supplies is human, by forming a greater amount of information in urban areas and gaps in rural areas. The predominant groundwater flow is south-to-north, along the trim of the natural terrain. As to the potentiometry, were acknowledged evidences of contribution of groundwater to the Rivers base flow, establishing a cross-border Brazil-Uruguay flow and vice versa. The prevalent vulnerability classes were: high 35.6%, moderate 30.2%, low 26.5%, negligible 5.7% and extreme 0.4%. The areas with information gaps accounted 1.1% of BHRSM. The overlap of the TDS test concentrations in classes 1 and 2 to the vulnerability to contamination of groundwater will apply as guideline for the implementation of management tools, integrated with other policies to protect the physical environment. These guidelines have been spatialized into three scales: the Global scale accounting 1: 250,000 or less (in general), the Regional scale rating between. 1: 250,000 and 1: 50,000 (semi-detailed), and the Local rating 1: 50,000 or higher (greater detail). This segmentation in scales intends to subsidize the implementation of integrated management tools for groundwater resources in a basin. / O presente estudo visa fornecer subsídios para gestão das águas subterrâneas na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Santa Maria-BHRSM. Localizada no sudoeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul na borda da Bacia do Paraná na transição para o Escudo Uruguaio Sul-Riograndense, possui uma área de 15.797,300 km². Ocorrem aflorantes cerca de 16 formações geológicas Pavão (2004) destas o Sistema Aquífero Guarani ocorre em cerca de 36%. Estas áreas aflorantes representam áreas de recarga direta dos aqüíferos e localmente de descarga na BHRSM. Reuniram-se em quatro Domínios Hidrogeológicos CPRM (2007). Os Domínios 1 e 2 formam Aqüíferos porosos intergranulares 83,08%. Os Domínios 5 e 6 formam Aquíferos fissurais 16,92%. Elaborou-se uma proposta de utilização de escalas de abrangência para critério de outorga de uso das águas subterrâneas: Global, Regional e Local. Na escala Global consideraram-se 4 Domínios Hidrogeológicos; 3 Províncias e 7 Sub-Províncias; 7 Sistemas Hidrogeológicos (6 aquíferos e 1 aquitardo) e 16 Unidades Hidroestratigráficas. A escala Regional considerou a Bacia Hidrográfica e suas 21 Seções Hidrológicas de Referência-SHR criadas para setorizar as águas superficiais. Elaborou-se um banco de dados hidrogeológicos relativos a 590 captações por poços. Espacializaram-se na forma de mapas temáticos, as cotas potenciométricas indicativas dos fluxos subterrâneos, a zona vadosa, as concentrações de Sólidos Totais Dissolvidos-STD, as concentrações dos nitratos e a vulnerablidade à contaminação dos aquíferos Método GOD Foster et al. (2006). Essas informações deram origem ao SIG-BHRSM contendo os shapefiles referentes aos planos de informações. O uso preponderante das águas subterrâneas é o abastecimento humano, dispondo-se de uma maior quantidade de informações em áreas urbanas e vazios em áreas rurais. O fluxo subterrâneo predominante tem direção sul-norte, acompanhando o caimento natural do terreno. A potenciometria notou-se evidências da uma contribuição dos aquíferos para os escoamentos de base dos cursos de água, além de se constatar a existência de um fluxo transfronteiriço para o lado Uruguaio. As classes de vulnerabilidade foram: alta 35,6%, seguida da média 30,2%, baixa 26,5%, insignificante 5,7 % e na extrema 0,4%. As áreas com vazios de informação corresponderam a 1,1% da BHRSM. A sobreposição do critério concentrações de STD nas classes 1 e 2 ao da vulnerabilidade à contaminação das águas subterrâneas servirão de diretrizes para a implementação dos instrumentos de gestão de forma integrada com as demais políticas de proteção ao ambiente físico. Estas diretrizes foram espacializadas em três escalas: a Global igual ou menor a 1: 250.000 (generalizada), a Regional entre. 1: 250.000 e 1: 50.000 (semi-detalhe) e a Local, de 1: 50.000 ou maior (maior detalhe). Esta segmentação em escalas visa subsidiar a implementação dos instrumentos de gestão dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos em uma bacia hidrográfica.

The energy-food-water nexus is of fundamental significance in the goal towards sustainable development. The Zambezi River Basin, situated in southern Africa, currently offers vast water resources for social and economic development for the eight riparian countries that constitute the watershed. Hydropower generation and agriculture are the main water users in the watershed with great potential of expansion, plus urban water supply materialise the largest consumers of this resource. Climate and social changes are pressuring natural resources availability which might show severe alterations due to enhances in the variability of precipitation patterns. This study thus examines the present water resources in the transboundary basin and executes low and high case future climate change incited scenarios in order to estimate the possible availability of water for the period 2060-2099 by performing water balances. Along with projections of water accessibility, approximations on water demands from the main consumer sectors are performed. Results show an annual positive balance for both projected scenarios due to an increase in precipitation during the wet season. They also present a severe increase in overall temperature for the region contributing to a strong increase in evapotranspiration. Projections further inform of an acute increase in water demand for irrigation and urban supply, nevertheless, evaporation from hydropower storage reservoirs continues to exceed water with drawals in volume. Acknowledging the uncertainty contained in this report allows a broader offer of recommendations to be considered when planning for future developments with a sustainable approach. Improvement of hydrological collection systems in the Zambezi basin is indispensable to accomplish a deeper and cohesive understanding of the watershed waterresources. Cooperation and knowledge communication between riparian countries seems to be the right beginning towards social and economic sustainable development for the Zambezi River Basin.

abstract: This research investigates the dialectical relationships between water and social power. I analyze how the coupled processes of development, water privatization, and climate change have been shaping water struggles in Chile. I focus on how these hydro-struggles are reconfiguring everyday practices of water management at the community scale and the ways in which these dynamics may contribute to more democratic and sustainable modes of water governance at both regional and national scales. Using a historical-geographical and multi-sited ethnographical lens, I investigate how different geographical projects (forestry, irrigated agriculture, and hydropower) were deployed in the Biobio and Santiago regions of Chile during the last 200 hundred years. I analyze how since the 1970s, these hydro-modernization projects have been gradually privatized, which in turn has led to environmental degradation and water dispossession affecting peasants and other rural populations. I frame these transformations using the political-ecological notion of hydrosocial assemblages produced by the different stages of the hydro-modernity—Liberal, Keynesian, Socialist, Neoliberal. I detail how these stages have repeatedly reshaped Chilean hydrosocial processes. I unpack the stages through the analysis of forestry, irrigation and hydropower developments in the central and southern regions of Chile, emphasizing how they have produced both uneven socio-spatial development and growing hydrosocial metabolic rifts, particularly during neoliberal hydro-modernity (1981-2015). Hydrosocial metabolic rifts occur when people have been separated or dispossessed from direct access and control of their traditional water resources. I conclude by arguing that there is a need to overcome the current unsustainable market-led approach to water governance. I propose the notion of a 'commons hydro-modernity', which is based on growing environmental and water social movements that are promoting a socio-spatial project to reassemble Chilean hydrosocial metabolic relations in a more democratic and sustainable way. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Environmental Social Science 2016

abstract: Los Angeles, California and Phoenix, Arizona are two naturally water-scarce regions that rely on imported water to meet their local water needs. Both areas have been experiencing an ongoing drought that has negatively affected their local water supply. Populations in both cities continue to grow, increasing overall demand for water as the supply decreases. Water conservation is important for the sustainability of each town. However, the methods utilized to conserve residential water in the two areas differ drastically; Los Angeles has implemented involuntary water rationing and Phoenix has not. The widespread effectiveness of involuntary restrictions makes them a popular management scheme. Despite their immediate effectiveness, little is known about how involuntary restrictions affect attitudinal precursors towards the behavior in question and thus, whether or not the restrictions are potentially helpful or harmful to lasting behavior change. This study adapted the Theory of Planned Behavior to survey 361 homeowners in Los Angeles and Phoenix to examine how involuntary water restrictions shape attitudinal precursors to outdoor water conservation. This study found that when involuntary water restrictions are present, residents feel less in control of their outdoor water use. However, in the presence of involuntary water restrictions, stronger social norms and stronger support for policy prescriptions over outdoor water use were found. The favorable societal support towards water conservation, conceptualized as social norms and policy attitudes, in the presence of involuntary water restrictions is potentially promising for lasting behavior change. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Sustainability 2016

abstract: The worldwide supply of potable fresh water is ever decreasing. While 2.5% of Earth's water is fresh, only 1% is accessible. Of this water, the World Health Organization estimates that only one-third can be used to meet our daily needs while the other two-thirds are unusable due to contamination. As the world population continues to grow and climate change reduces water security, we must consider not only solutions, but evaluate the perceptions and reactions of individuals in order to successfully implement such solutions. To that end, the goal of this dissertation is to explore human attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors around water issues by conducting cross-cultural comparisons of (1) water risks and solutions, (2) wastewater knowledge and acceptance, and (3) motivators for willingness to use treated wastewater. Previous research in these domains has primarily focused on a single site or national context. While such research is valuable for establishing how and why cultural context matters, comparative studies are also needed to help link perceptions at local and global scales. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach grounded in anthropological methods and theory, I use interview data collected in a range of international sites as part of the Arizona State University's Global Ethnohydrology Study. With funding from National Science Foundation grants to the Decision Center for a Desert City (DCDC) and the Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research project (CAP LTER), this dissertation explores cross-cultural perceptions of water threats and management strategies, specifically wastewater reclamation and reuse, in order to make recommendations for policy makers and water managers. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2016

abstract: Water resource systems have provided vital support to transformative growth in the Southwest United States; and for more than a century the Salt River Project (SRP) has served as a model of success among multipurpose federal reclamation projects, currently delivering approximately 40% of water demand in the metropolitan Phoenix area. Drought concerns have sensitized water management to risks posed by natural variability and forthcoming climate change. Full simulations originating in climate modeling have been the conventional approach to impacts assessment. But, once debatable climate projections are applied to hydrologic models challenged to accurately represent the region’s arid hydrology, the range of possible scenarios enlarges as uncertainties propagate through sequential levels of modeling complexity. Numerous issues render future projections frustratingly uncertain, leading many researchers to conclude it will be some decades before hydroclimatic modeling can provide specific and useful information to water management. Alternatively, this research investigation inverts the standard approach to vulnerability assessment and begins with characterization of the threatened system, proceeding backwards to the uncertain climate future. Thorough statistical analysis of historical watershed climate and runoff enabled development of (a) a stochastic simulation methodology for net basin supply (NBS) that renders the entire range of droughts, and (b) hydrologic sensitivities to temperature and precipitation changes. An operations simulation model was developed for assessing the SRP reservoir system’s cumulative response to inflow variability and change. After analysis of the current system’s drought response, a set of climate change forecasts for the balance of this century were developed and translated through hydrologic sensitivities to drive alternative NBS time series assessed by reservoir operations modeling. Statistically significant changes in key metrics were found for climate change forecasts, but the risk of reservoir depletion was found to remain zero. System outcomes fall within ranges to which water management is capable of responding. Actions taken to address natural variability are likely to be the same considered for climate change adaptation. This research approach provides specific risk assessments per unambiguous methods grounded in observational evidence in contrast to the uncertain projections thus far prepared for the region. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Geography 2016

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-06T21:41:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Thayana Alves Mattos.pdf: 4395808 bytes, checksum: 9adef294170640a916aa86281dff3a47 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-04-23T18:36:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Thayana Alves Mattos.pdf: 4395808 bytes, checksum: 9adef294170640a916aa86281dff3a47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T18:36:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Thayana Alves Mattos.pdf: 4395808 bytes, checksum: 9adef294170640a916aa86281dff3a47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-04 / Sérios problemas ambientais são advindos de alguns tipos de uso e ocupação inadequada do solo. Exemplo disso são as estações de tratamento de efluentes que tem a finalidade de reduzir a carga contaminante ou poluente de esgotos, a um nível compatível com o corpo receptor, ou seja, de modo que o efluente final tratado possa ser despejado sem provocar a degradação da água e sem gerar riscos à saúde do homem. Entretanto, em muitos casos, esta função não é atendida. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o diagnóstico ambiental da Microbacia Hidrográfica do córrego Embauval, afluente do rio Cuiabá, dando ênfase aos possíveis impactos que podem ser ocasionados nela em virtude do lançamento do efluente doméstico do condomínio Residencial Terra Nova no manancial superficial. O estudo é relativo aos meses de maio, agosto, setembro, outubro e dezembro de 2013 e janeiro 2014. Para o desenvolvimento do referido diagnóstico, a Microbacia foi caracterizada através de análises laboratoriais de amostras de água do corpo d’ água além da utilização do Sistema de Informações Geográficas - SIG. Foram coletadas amostras de efluente bruto e tratado da estação de tratamento de esgoto - ETE, amostras do córrego Embauval próximo a sua nascente, montante e a jusante do lançamento do efluente tratado. As variáveis analisadas foram: pH, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO5), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), sólidos totais, sólidos totais fixos, sólidos totais voláteis, sólidos sedimentáveis, nitrato, nitrito, nitrogênio amoniacal, nitrogênio total kjeldahl, fósforo total, coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes. Os resultados analíticos da água do córrego Embauval mostraram que o Índice de Qualidade da Água – IQA nos três pontos é Ruim, apresentado resultados que não atendem a qualidade especificada para corpos d’ água de água doce de classe 2. Na Microbacia as áreas de preservação permanente foram ocupadas por residências, grande parte das habitações que estão locadas a beira do córrego lançam seus esgotos sem tratamento no meio ambiente, há disposição de resíduos sólidos em terrenos baldios e nos mananciais superficiais. A ETE estudada apresentou problemas operacionais necessitando adequação, mas esta alcançou eficiência no tratamento de DBO5 e DQO de 85%. / Serious environmental problems are arising from some types of use and inappropriate land use. Examples are wastewater treatment plants which aims to reduce the contaminant or pollutant load of wastewater to a level compatible with the receiving body, or so that the final treated effluent can be discharged without causing the degradation of water and without any risk to human health. However in many cases, this function is not answered. The objective of this study was the environmental assessment of Watershed River stream Embauval, tributary of the Rio Cuiabá, emphasizing the potential impacts that may be caused in it by virtue of the release of wastewater from Newfoundland Residential condominium in surface source. The study is for the months of May, August, September, October and December 2013 and January 2014. For the development of this diagnosis, Watershed was characterized by laboratory analysis of water samples from the body of water than the use of Geographic Information System - GIS. Raw wastewater samples were collected and treated in the sewage treatment plant - ETE, Embauval stream samples near its source, upstream and downstream of the release of treated effluent. The variables analyzed were: pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids, fixed total solids, total volatile solids, sediments, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, nitrogen full kjeldahl, total phosphorus , total coliforms and fecal coliforms. The analytical results of Embauval stream water showed that the Water Quality Index - IQA the three points Bad, presented results that do not meet the specified quality for bodies of freshwater water class 2. Watershed in the permanent preservation areas were occupied by residences, most of the units that are leased to stream edge release their untreated sewage into the environment, there is disposal of solid waste in vacant lots and surface waters. TEE studied had operational problems requiring adequacy, but this achieved efficiency in the treatment of BOD5 and COD of 85%.