Ooreenkomstig een van die beginsels wat in die onderwys in die vooruitsig gestel word, naamlik dat onderwysers lewenslange leerders is, behoort onderwysers hulself voordurend professioneel te ontwikkel, sodat die onderwys kan getuig van kwaliteit onderrig en leer. Die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysstelsel moet aan die diversiteit van behoeftes van leerders voldoen en vra dus ‘n kreatiewe oplossing vir onderrig en leer. Hierdie studie handel oor die rol van die departementshoof as begeleier van grondslagfase onderwysers. Navorsing verwys na ’coaching’ en kan dus direk vertaal word met 'afrigting.' Vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie hou ’coaching’ egter meer verband met begeleiding en sal dié term as vertaling dien. Navorsing in die veld van begeleiding in die onderwyssektor in Suid-Afrika blyk egter onbekend te wees. Daar blyk 'n behoefte aan bewysgebaseerde navorsing oor alternatiewe strategieë soos begeleiding te wees. Die doel van hierdie studie is om te bepaal in hoe 'n mate departementshoofde van die grondslagfase binne die wetgewing en die regsraamwerk die onderwysers kan begelei binne die beperkte tyd tot hul beskikking. Die leerteoretiese beginsels van die andragogie, wat ook elemente van die kognitiewe leerteorie bevat, is vir die doeleindes van die studie as vertrekpunt gebruik. 'n Kwalitatiewe interpretivistiese benadering is gevolg ten einde die departementshoofde en bereidwillige onderwysers van vyf privaatskole se ervarings van begeleiding te kon bepaal. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is met die deelnemers gevoer. Die studie het bevind dat die departementshoofde sowel as onderwysers deurlopende begeleiding nodig ag. Die deelnemende skole pas begeleiding meestal informeel toe, sonder ‘n begeleidingsmodel. Die departementshoofde se bestuur en onderrigleierskap is ondersoek en die studie het bevind dat onderwysers ‘n groot behoefte aan monitering en kontrole van hul departementshoofde verwag. Ewekniebegeleiding word weinig toegepas en is nog ‘n onbekende strategie vir die departementshoofde. Begeleiding as deurlopende strategie vir professionele ontwikkeling word verkies bo eendagwerkwinkels, aangesien begeleiding in die skool se spesifieke behoeftes kan voorsien. Die departementshoof as onderrigleier leef die visie van die skool voor, hoofsaaklik deur gedeelde waardes. Die meeste departementshoofde maak gebruik van refleksietegnieke vir begeleiding, maar verlang meer opleiding hierin. In hierdie studie is bevind dat die grootste voordeel van begeleiding daarin lê dat dit probleemoplossende denke stimuleer en nuwe onderrigmetodes aanleer. Begeleiding het bepaalde uitdagings en ewekniebegeleiding word veral deur sommige onderwysers as intimiderend en evaluerend beskou. Die studie het ook bevind dat departementshoofde beperkte tyd vir begeleiding het. Die studie maak laastens die nodige aanbevelings vir begeleiding na aanleiding van die literatuur en bevindinge van die studie. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Education Management and Policy Studies / MEd / Unrestricted

The central theoretical statement of this study stated that fathers have an active and effective role as mentors in transmitting values to the family and should be equipped for taking up this role, which may be applied in a pastoral-theological model. The idea of values for the father with regard to his role as mentor is defined and investigated in this study. The article format has been used in this thesis so that it consists of five articles which form a unity. In article one Scriptural pointers for the leaders and fathers being mentors to their followers (mentees) in the Old Testament are discussed. From the information summarized from the article, it is deduced that the leaders and fathers from the Old Testament served as mentors to their followers (mentees) with regard to values. Any leader or mentor can apply the principles and guidelines from the Old Testament to fathering, mentoring and transmitting values to a situation in everyday life. Article two deals with scriptural pointers for the leaders and father-figures as mentors to their followers (mentees) in the New Testament. From the information summarized from the article, it is deduced that the leaders and father figures from the New Testament served as mentors to their followers (mentees) with regard to values. Discipleship indicated the importance and significance of followers (mentees). Any leader or mentor can apply the guidelines and principles from the New Testament about leading, fathering, mentoring, discipling with regard to values even today. In article three the literature study on the fields of psychology, social work, psychiatric nursing and education were investigated in terms of family, fathering, mentoring and values. With regard to values those values according to Joubert (1986) and Heenan (2004) were used and integrated with values for the role of the father as mentor in the family context. The complexity of families and family structures in the real world were identified and discussed. The recommendations from this article are used to direct the empirical research on the role of the father as mentor with regard to values. The broader aim is to show how society may be impacted positively. Article four (chapter 5) deals with the empirical research that found that mentoring is needed and fathers should be mentors to their families. They should also be equipped with Christian values (the co-researchers consistently referred to Christian values which will serve as recommendation for further studies) in order to show that they can effect positive change to influence society. In article five (chapter 6) contours of a pastoral-theological model for the father as mentor in the transmission of Christian values are formulated. This model could possibly be applied to other spheres of life such as institutions (schools, colleges and universities), churches, societies and businesses to raise the effectiveness of these organizations through the mentoring of values. Topics for further research: * Equipping the mother as mentor in the transmission of Christian values. * Equipping children with Christian values so that they may be mentors to their peers. * Equipping children with Christian values so that they can be resistant to bad and inappropriate behaviour. * Equipping the family with Christian values so that they can be a mentor unit to other families in society. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

The central theoretical statement of this study stated that fathers have an active and effective role as mentors in transmitting values to the family and should be equipped for taking up this role, which may be applied in a pastoral-theological model. The idea of values for the father with regard to his role as mentor is defined and investigated in this study. The article format has been used in this thesis so that it consists of five articles which form a unity. In article one Scriptural pointers for the leaders and fathers being mentors to their followers (mentees) in the Old Testament are discussed. From the information summarized from the article, it is deduced that the leaders and fathers from the Old Testament served as mentors to their followers (mentees) with regard to values. Any leader or mentor can apply the principles and guidelines from the Old Testament to fathering, mentoring and transmitting values to a situation in everyday life. Article two deals with scriptural pointers for the leaders and father-figures as mentors to their followers (mentees) in the New Testament. From the information summarized from the article, it is deduced that the leaders and father figures from the New Testament served as mentors to their followers (mentees) with regard to values. Discipleship indicated the importance and significance of followers (mentees). Any leader or mentor can apply the guidelines and principles from the New Testament about leading, fathering, mentoring, discipling with regard to values even today. In article three the literature study on the fields of psychology, social work, psychiatric nursing and education were investigated in terms of family, fathering, mentoring and values. With regard to values those values according to Joubert (1986) and Heenan (2004) were used and integrated with values for the role of the father as mentor in the family context. The complexity of families and family structures in the real world were identified and discussed. The recommendations from this article are used to direct the empirical research on the role of the father as mentor with regard to values. The broader aim is to show how society may be impacted positively. Article four (chapter 5) deals with the empirical research that found that mentoring is needed and fathers should be mentors to their families. They should also be equipped with Christian values (the co-researchers consistently referred to Christian values which will serve as recommendation for further studies) in order to show that they can effect positive change to influence society. In article five (chapter 6) contours of a pastoral-theological model for the father as mentor in the transmission of Christian values are formulated. This model could possibly be applied to other spheres of life such as institutions (schools, colleges and universities), churches, societies and businesses to raise the effectiveness of these organizations through the mentoring of values. Topics for further research: * Equipping the mother as mentor in the transmission of Christian values. * Equipping children with Christian values so that they may be mentors to their peers. * Equipping children with Christian values so that they can be resistant to bad and inappropriate behaviour. * Equipping the family with Christian values so that they can be a mentor unit to other families in society. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Please read the abstract in the section, "back" (on p277), of this document / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Humanities Education / MEd / Unrestricted

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized pathologically by a marked loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons and clinically by disabling movement disorders. PD can be treated by inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO), specifically MAO–B, since this is a major enzyme involved in the catabolism of dopamine in the substantia nigra of the brain. Inhibition of MAO–B may conserve the dopamine supply in the brain and may therefore provide symptomatic relief for PD patients. Selegiline is an irreversible MAO–B inhibitor and is currently used for the treatment of PD. Irreversible inhibitors inactivate enzymes by forming stable covalent complexes. The process is not readily reversed either by removing the remainder of the free inhibitor or by increasing the substrate concentration. Even dilution or dialysis does not dissociate the enzyme inhibitor complex and restore enzyme activity. From a safety point of view it may therefore be more desirable to develop reversible inhibitors of MAO–B. In this study, caffeine was used as lead compound to design, synthesize and evaluate new reversible inhibitors of MAO–B. This study is based on the finding that C–8 substituted caffeine analogues are potent MAO inhibitors. For example, (E)–8–(3–chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC) is an exceptionally potent competitive inhibitor of MAO–B with an enzyme–inhibitor dissociation constant (Ki value) of 128 nM. In this study caffeine was similarly conjugated at C–8 to various side–chains. The effect that these chosen side–chains had on the MAO–B inhibition activity of C–8 substituted caffeine analogues will then be evaluated. The caffeine analogues were also evaluated as human MAO–A inhibitors. For the purpose of this study, saturated C–8 side chains were selected with the goal of discovering new C–8 side chains that enhance the MAO–A and ?B inhibition potency of caffeine. As mentioned above, the styryl side chain is one example of a side chain that enhances the MAO–B inhibition potency of caffeine. Should a side chain with promising MAO inhibition activity be identified in this study, the inhibition potency will be further optimized in a future study by the addition of a variety of substituents to the C–8 side chain ring. For example, halogen substitution of (E)–8– styrylcaffeine enhances the MAO–B inhibition potency by up to 10 fold. The saturated side chains selected for the present study included the phenylethyl (1), phenylpropyl (2), phenylbutyl (3) and phenylpentyl (4) functional groups. Also included are the cyclohexylethyl (8), 3–oxo–3– phenylpropyl (5), 4–oxo–4–phenylbutyl (6) moieties. A test compound containing an unsaturated linker between C–8 of caffeine and the side chain ring, the phenylpropenyl analogue 7, was also included. This study is therefore an exploratory study to discover new C–8 moieties that are favorable for MAO– inhibition. All the target compounds were synthesized by reacting 1,3–dimethyl–5,6–diaminouracil with an appropriate carboxylic acid in the presence of a carbodiimide dehydrating agent. Following ring closure and methylation at C–7, the target inhibitors were obtained. Inhibition potencies were determined using recombinant human MAO–A and MAO–B as enzyme sources. The inhibitor potencies were expressed as IC50 values. The most potent MAO–B inhibitor was 8–(5– phenylpentyl)caffeine (4) with an IC50 value of 0.656 ?M. In contrast, all the other test inhibitors were moderately potent MAO–B inhibitors. In fact the next best MAO–B inhibitor, 8–(4– phenylbutyl)caffeine (3) was approximately 5 fold less potent than 4 with an IC50 value of 3.25 ?M. Since the 5–phenylpentyl moiety is the longest side chain evaluated in this study, this finding demonstrates that longer C–8 side chains are more favorable for MAO–B inhibition. Interestingly, compound 5 containing a cyclohexylethyl side chain (IC50 = 6.59 ?M) was approximately 4 fold more potent than the analogue containing the phenylethyl linker (1) (IC50 = 26.0 ?M). This suggests that a cyclohexyl ring in the C–8 side chain of caffeine may be more optimal for MAO–B inhibition and should be considered in future studies. The caffeine analogues containing the oxophenylalkyl side chains (5 and 6) were weak MAO–B inhibitors with IC50 values of 187 ?M and 46.9 ?M, respectively. This suggests that the presence of a carbonyl group in the C–8 side chain is not favorable for the MAO–B inhibition potency of caffeine. The unsaturated phenylpropenyl analogue 7 was also found to be a relatively weak MAO–B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 33.1 ?M. In contrast to the results obtained with MAO–B, the test caffeine analogues were all weak MAOA inhibitors. With the exception of compound 5, all of the analogues evaluated were selective inhibitors of MAO–B. The most potent MAO–B inhibitor, 8–(5–phenylpentyl)caffeine (4) was the most selective inhibitor, 48 fold more potent towards MAO–B than MAO–A. This study also shows that two selected analogues (5 and 3) bind reversibly to MAO–A and ?B, respectively, and that the mode of MAO–A and –B inhibition is competitive for these representative compounds. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutical Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This study begins with the question: "Is there a place for a Christian ethical code of conduct in the diverse and complex business world of today?" In chapter 2 I explain the context wherein one should understand this question. If you look at the history of South Africa you will see that there was discrimination that took place over a long period of time on the basis of race, religion and gender and that makes this issue a very sensitive one. The reason why it is so sensitive is if there were to be a Christian ethical code of conduct in the workplace could it lead to discrimination again? That is not allowed to happen under the current Constitution of South Africa. But the other side is also true, if you don?t have a Christian ethical code won?t you loose the beautiful things Scripture gives us on how to treat all people equally and fairly within the workplace? This study will show that according to the Constitution of South Africa it is possible to have a Christian ethical code of conduct as long it does not exclude any employee. In chapter 3 we have a look at Scripture that gives us guidelines on how to treat all people and also people in the workplace. Here are some examples: * the way employees should be handled; * the number of working hours the employees should be working; * the remuneration of the employees – is it fair; * how the Shareholders? / Stakeholders? interests are looked after; * the manner in which the business is being managed; * the Constitutional business environment; * the international law that transcends borders where macrobusinesses do business. In chapter 4 we look at the Christian ethical perspective in the business. We look at the role of the economy and the core values to manage a business. In chapter 5 we end with an example of a workable Christian ethical code of conduct and we compare two large business codes of conduct. / Thesis (Th.M. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized pathologically by a marked loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons and clinically by disabling movement disorders. PD can be treated by inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO), specifically MAO–B, since this is a major enzyme involved in the catabolism of dopamine in the substantia nigra of the brain. Inhibition of MAO–B may conserve the dopamine supply in the brain and may therefore provide symptomatic relief for PD patients. Selegiline is an irreversible MAO–B inhibitor and is currently used for the treatment of PD. Irreversible inhibitors inactivate enzymes by forming stable covalent complexes. The process is not readily reversed either by removing the remainder of the free inhibitor or by increasing the substrate concentration. Even dilution or dialysis does not dissociate the enzyme inhibitor complex and restore enzyme activity. From a safety point of view it may therefore be more desirable to develop reversible inhibitors of MAO–B. In this study, caffeine was used as lead compound to design, synthesize and evaluate new reversible inhibitors of MAO–B. This study is based on the finding that C–8 substituted caffeine analogues are potent MAO inhibitors. For example, (E)–8–(3–chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC) is an exceptionally potent competitive inhibitor of MAO–B with an enzyme–inhibitor dissociation constant (Ki value) of 128 nM. In this study caffeine was similarly conjugated at C–8 to various side–chains. The effect that these chosen side–chains had on the MAO–B inhibition activity of C–8 substituted caffeine analogues will then be evaluated. The caffeine analogues were also evaluated as human MAO–A inhibitors. For the purpose of this study, saturated C–8 side chains were selected with the goal of discovering new C–8 side chains that enhance the MAO–A and ?B inhibition potency of caffeine. As mentioned above, the styryl side chain is one example of a side chain that enhances the MAO–B inhibition potency of caffeine. Should a side chain with promising MAO inhibition activity be identified in this study, the inhibition potency will be further optimized in a future study by the addition of a variety of substituents to the C–8 side chain ring. For example, halogen substitution of (E)–8– styrylcaffeine enhances the MAO–B inhibition potency by up to 10 fold. The saturated side chains selected for the present study included the phenylethyl (1), phenylpropyl (2), phenylbutyl (3) and phenylpentyl (4) functional groups. Also included are the cyclohexylethyl (8), 3–oxo–3– phenylpropyl (5), 4–oxo–4–phenylbutyl (6) moieties. A test compound containing an unsaturated linker between C–8 of caffeine and the side chain ring, the phenylpropenyl analogue 7, was also included. This study is therefore an exploratory study to discover new C–8 moieties that are favorable for MAO– inhibition. All the target compounds were synthesized by reacting 1,3–dimethyl–5,6–diaminouracil with an appropriate carboxylic acid in the presence of a carbodiimide dehydrating agent. Following ring closure and methylation at C–7, the target inhibitors were obtained. Inhibition potencies were determined using recombinant human MAO–A and MAO–B as enzyme sources. The inhibitor potencies were expressed as IC50 values. The most potent MAO–B inhibitor was 8–(5– phenylpentyl)caffeine (4) with an IC50 value of 0.656 ?M. In contrast, all the other test inhibitors were moderately potent MAO–B inhibitors. In fact the next best MAO–B inhibitor, 8–(4– phenylbutyl)caffeine (3) was approximately 5 fold less potent than 4 with an IC50 value of 3.25 ?M. Since the 5–phenylpentyl moiety is the longest side chain evaluated in this study, this finding demonstrates that longer C–8 side chains are more favorable for MAO–B inhibition. Interestingly, compound 5 containing a cyclohexylethyl side chain (IC50 = 6.59 ?M) was approximately 4 fold more potent than the analogue containing the phenylethyl linker (1) (IC50 = 26.0 ?M). This suggests that a cyclohexyl ring in the C–8 side chain of caffeine may be more optimal for MAO–B inhibition and should be considered in future studies. The caffeine analogues containing the oxophenylalkyl side chains (5 and 6) were weak MAO–B inhibitors with IC50 values of 187 ?M and 46.9 ?M, respectively. This suggests that the presence of a carbonyl group in the C–8 side chain is not favorable for the MAO–B inhibition potency of caffeine. The unsaturated phenylpropenyl analogue 7 was also found to be a relatively weak MAO–B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 33.1 ?M. In contrast to the results obtained with MAO–B, the test caffeine analogues were all weak MAOA inhibitors. With the exception of compound 5, all of the analogues evaluated were selective inhibitors of MAO–B. The most potent MAO–B inhibitor, 8–(5–phenylpentyl)caffeine (4) was the most selective inhibitor, 48 fold more potent towards MAO–B than MAO–A. This study also shows that two selected analogues (5 and 3) bind reversibly to MAO–A and ?B, respectively, and that the mode of MAO–A and –B inhibition is competitive for these representative compounds. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutical Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This study begins with the question: "Is there a place for a Christian ethical code of conduct in the diverse and complex business world of today?" In chapter 2 I explain the context wherein one should understand this question. If you look at the history of South Africa you will see that there was discrimination that took place over a long period of time on the basis of race, religion and gender and that makes this issue a very sensitive one. The reason why it is so sensitive is if there were to be a Christian ethical code of conduct in the workplace could it lead to discrimination again? That is not allowed to happen under the current Constitution of South Africa. But the other side is also true, if you don?t have a Christian ethical code won?t you loose the beautiful things Scripture gives us on how to treat all people equally and fairly within the workplace? This study will show that according to the Constitution of South Africa it is possible to have a Christian ethical code of conduct as long it does not exclude any employee. In chapter 3 we have a look at Scripture that gives us guidelines on how to treat all people and also people in the workplace. Here are some examples: * the way employees should be handled; * the number of working hours the employees should be working; * the remuneration of the employees – is it fair; * how the Shareholders? / Stakeholders? interests are looked after; * the manner in which the business is being managed; * the Constitutional business environment; * the international law that transcends borders where macrobusinesses do business. In chapter 4 we look at the Christian ethical perspective in the business. We look at the role of the economy and the core values to manage a business. In chapter 5 we end with an example of a workable Christian ethical code of conduct and we compare two large business codes of conduct. / Thesis (Th.M. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Understanding illness and health care in the ancient world, and especially within ancient Israel, is not an easy undertaking. Most of the research done on Israelite health care focuses on the identification of disease rather than their sociological implications. This study hypothesises that to truly understand ancient Israel’s thoughts on illness and health care it is important to take the wider social context, in which a sick person would have found himself, into account. This study analyses the illness of King Uzziah (2 Chronicles 26:11-23) against the backdrop of the ancient Near East’s understanding of illness and health care, Israel’s view of Yahweh’s role in illness, as well as the interwovenness between illness and the social values of honour and shame. The notions of purity and impurity and the role they played in Israel’s understanding of illness, as well as the role of the temple and other consultative options are also taken into account in the study. In so doing the study intends to shed some light on the interwovenness between illness and social values in ancient Israel and thus enabling a better understanding of 2 Chronicles 26:11-23 and illness and health care in ancient Israel. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Ancient Languages / unrestricted

Text in Afrikaans / An increase in information accompanied by scientific and technological development necessitates the re-evaluation of the present Biology Curriculum, as the curriculum does not meet the demands of the community. An analysis of the above-mentioned problem reveals the structure and principles of Biology as a subject and the bio-ethic factors which to a larger extend influence man's values as technology and information change. By means of a literature study and personal interviews the development and design of a lifescience curriculum for Biology is formulated. Within this, several aspects concerning the teaching of a lifescience Biology Curriculum will be discussed. Important methods and strategies required for the successful teaching of Biology include a process approach, a constructivism approach, demonstration, discovery, reflective and metalearning, practical work, discussions and co-operative learning methods. The successful teaching of Biology, however, goes hand in hand with effective preservice and inservice training of Biology teachers. / lnformasievermeerdering gepaardgaande met wetenskaplike en tegnologiese ontwikkeling noodsaak 'n herevaluering van die huidige Biologiekurrikulum aangesien die kurrikulum nie voldoen aan die eise en behoeftes van die gemeenskap nie. Ter ontleding van bogenoemde probleem, word die struktuur en grondslae van Biologie as vak en die bio-etiese faktore wat toenemend die mens se waardedimensie beinvloed, namate die tegnologie en inligting verander, bespreek. Deur middel van 'n literatuurstudie en persoonlike onderhoude word die ontwikkeling en ontwerp van 'n Lewenskunde Biologiekurrikulum uiteengesit. Hieruit sal verskeie aspekte rakende die onderrig van 'n Lewenskunde Biologiekurrikulum bespreek word. Belangrike metodes en strategiee wat vir suksesvolle Biologie-onderrig benodig word, sluit die prosesbenadering, 'n konstruktivistiese benadering, demonstrasie-, ontdekkende -, reflektiewe - en metaleer, praktiese werk, besprekings- en kooperatiewe leermetodes in. Die sukses van Biologie-onderrig gaan egter hand-aan-hand met effektiewe voordiens- en indiensopleiding van Biologie-onderwysers. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Didaktiek)