This thesis uses Hirsch's dual notion of intention, i. e. conscious, intentional meaning and symptomatic, unconscious meaning, in order to avoid a dead end in the critical assessment of Warhol's work. T.S. Eliot's term "objective correlative" refers to a phenomenon whereby "an inner emotional reality" is evoked by its "external equivalent". (Benet, 1965). Thus, given that no work of art is purely self-referential (as distinct from its being autonomous),Hirsch's notion allows that viewerreconstruction of a painting involves shared values and concerns; that a painting reconstructed by a viewer acquires the status of an icon through which the viewer participates in the artist's sacred cosmos. Sociology of art tends on the whole to extrapolate from actual works to the alleged conditions that gave rise to them. That it cannot predict what specific works will arise from given conditions makes it unscientific. However, its usefulness lies in its ability to reveal what values and concerns are shared by artist and viewer. This is vital for an interpretation of Warhol's work. Warhol's biography leads directly into the meaning of his work. The sickly child of an immigrant steelworker, he grew up in Pittsburgh - an epitome of the technocratic-industrial environment - and was exposed from an early age to a violent and ugly world where the disparity between the super-wealthy and the struggling workers was deeply disturbing. That Warhol himself became a multi-millionaire artistic tycoon is significant, for it means that his works, his icons, were participatory in the very cultural myths and neuroses they appear to display or even despise. That his work has meaning and is open to interpretation there is no doubt. For example, a man-made soup can, as a manifestation and containment of the sacred, is coercive. Here the sacred becomes familiar, affordable and disposable. An electric chair, a man-made instrument of death, gives man supremacy over mortality and the divine prerogative of purging the world of all evil. The essay, however, does not attempt to answer the broader questions raised by Fromm and Roszak about the spiritual emptiness of the twentieth century and the existential crises experienced by those who hunger for meaning and fasten greedily onto anything that seems to proffer a glimpse of something beyond. The essay, nevertheless, strives within this context to elucidate the valid in Warhol's work

O trabalho tem como objeto os filmes realizados por Andy Warhol entre 1963 e 1969. No primeiro capítulo, \"A máquina\", discutimos algumas questões mais gerais e teóricas sobre a passagem de Warhol pelo cinema, em especial a constituição de um estilo impessoal e maquínico, que o artista parece trazer diretamente de sua prática anterior na pintura. No segundo capítulo, \"Corpo, superfície e erotismo\", observaremos como essa máquina atua na prática, submetendo os corpos filmados a um rígido dispositivo, trazendo à tona reflexões sobre temas como a performance e o erotismo nesses filmes. / The present work is focused on the films directed by Andy Warhol between 1963 and 1969. On the Chapter 1, \"The machine\", we\'ll deal with more wide and theoretical questions concerning Warhol\'s itinerary through cinema, in particular the setting up of an impersonal and machinic style brought to cinema by the artist from his previous practice on painting. On the Chapter 2, \"Body, surface and eroticism\", we\'ll see how this machine works in practical terms by subduing the bodies to its rigid apparatus, bringing out issues such as the performance and the eroticism in those films.

O trabalho tem como objeto os filmes realizados por Andy Warhol entre 1963 e 1969. No primeiro capítulo, \"A máquina\", discutimos algumas questões mais gerais e teóricas sobre a passagem de Warhol pelo cinema, em especial a constituição de um estilo impessoal e maquínico, que o artista parece trazer diretamente de sua prática anterior na pintura. No segundo capítulo, \"Corpo, superfície e erotismo\", observaremos como essa máquina atua na prática, submetendo os corpos filmados a um rígido dispositivo, trazendo à tona reflexões sobre temas como a performance e o erotismo nesses filmes. / The present work is focused on the films directed by Andy Warhol between 1963 and 1969. On the Chapter 1, \"The machine\", we\'ll deal with more wide and theoretical questions concerning Warhol\'s itinerary through cinema, in particular the setting up of an impersonal and machinic style brought to cinema by the artist from his previous practice on painting. On the Chapter 2, \"Body, surface and eroticism\", we\'ll see how this machine works in practical terms by subduing the bodies to its rigid apparatus, bringing out issues such as the performance and the eroticism in those films.

One of the most consistent features of the diverse artistic movements that have flourished throughout the twentieth century has been their willingness to experiment in diverse genres and across alternative art forms. Avant-gardes such as Expressionism, Dada, Surrealism, Futurism, Fluxus and Pop were composed not only of painters but also dramatists, musicians, actors, singers, dancers, sculptors, poets and architects. Their works represent a dramatic process of crossfertilization between the arts, resulting in an array of hybrid forms that defy conventional categorisation. This thesis investigates implications of this cross-disciplinary impulse and aims by doing so to open out a site in which to reassess both the manner in which the avant-gardes have been theorised and the impact their theorisation has had on contemporary aesthetics. In the first part of this study, I revisit the work of the most influential theorists of the avant-garde in order to ask what the term “avant-garde” has come to signify. I look at how different theories of the avant-garde and of modernism relate to one another as well as asking what effect these theories have had on attempts to evaluate the legacies of the avant-gardes. The work of Theodor Adorno provides a connective tissue throughout the thesis. In Chapter One, I use it to complicate Peter Bürger’s notion of the avant-garde as “anti-art” and to argue that the most pressing challenge that the avant-gardes announce is to think through the cross-disciplinarity that marks their work. In Chapter Two, I trace how painting has come to be considered as the paradigmatic modernist art form and how, as a result, the avant-garde has been read as a secondary, “literary” phenomenon to be grasped through its relation to painting. I argue that this constitutes a systematic devaluation of literature and has resulted in an “art historical” model of the avant-gardes which represses both their real radicality and implications of their work for these kinds of disciplinary structures. In the second part of this thesis, I explore works which examine and question the aesthetic hierarchies and notions of aesthetic autonomy that the theories of modernism and the avant-garde explored in the first part set up. In Chapter Three, I approach by way of two cross-disciplinary works which employ literature and visual art: Marcel Duchamp’s Green Box (1934) and Andy Warhol’s a; a novel (1968). Works such as these, which slip through the gaps between literary and art history, have, I argue, important implications for literary and visual aesthetics but are often overlooked in disciplinary histories. In my final chapter, I return to the theory of the avant-garde as it emerges in the work of Jean-Francois Lyotard. I examine how his work reconfigures Adorno’s aesthetics by performing the cross-disciplinary movement that it argues is characteristic of avant-garde art works. Tracing his “post-aesthetic” response to Duchamp and Warhol, I explore how Lyotard articulates a mode of practice that moves beyond the dichotomy of “art” and “antiart” and opens out a site in which the importance of the twentieth century avant-gardes is made visible. I conclude by briefly considering the implications of the avant-garde, as I have presented it in this thesis, for contemporary debates on the twenty-first century “digital avant-gardes” and recent writing on aesthetics.

Much has been said about what artists experience when they make visual art individually, but less has been said about what artists experience when they make art together. The study is based on the author’s perception, elaborated below, that artistic co-creation in the visual arts seems to be regarded as less valuable than individual artistic creation. To explore and richly describe the experience of artistic co-creation from the perspective of artists themselves, I initially invited three duos of artists to create visual art together in an experimental, time-bound co creation. After the onset of COVID-19, however, I amended the study by inviting participants to co-create art by virtually passing pieces of art to one another. I then interviewed them about their experience. Guided by a phenomenological approach, I conducted semi-structured interviews using questions sourced from the study purpose and related research questions. These interviews, held periodically through the co-creative project, sought to uncover the emergent themes of the experience of artistic co-creation. After reviewing the transcripts from these interviews, I created a representative written likeness of each duo experience, called a portrait, using the qualitative modes of portraiture. Six themes emerged from these portraits in the ways the artists reflected on their experiences of creating art together, including: moments of relationship and connection in the process of co-creation, the context and structure of the experiment, seeing experiences differently in the process of co-creation, finding agreements between the perspectives of the co-creators, developing creative rhythms based on temporal parameters, and learning in the partnership of the project. I did not begin this study with a formally-articulated conceptual framework, but I was influenced in my thinking by Basquiat and Warhol’s relationship and subsequent collaborative artworks. This research contributes to the literature in key areas by examining existing assumptions about the value of artistic co-creation in the visual arts.

En 1965, Andy Warhol, déjà célèbre pour ses tableaux, décide de s’aventurer dans le domaine de la musique pop. Il devient alors gérant du Velvet Underground, un groupe rock newyorkais. Ce mémoire vise à rendre compte de l’influence de Warhol sur l’évolution musicale de cette formation entre 1965 et 1967. Dans un premier temps, une description du contexte socio-historique de l’époque et du milieu étudié est présentée, ainsi qu’un résumé des réalisations respectives de l’artiste et du groupe. Deux chansons du Velvet Underground sont ensuite analysées, soit « I’m Waiting for the Man » et « Ail Tomorrow’s Parties », toutes deux enregistrées à deux reprises soit avant et après la collaboration du groupe avec Warhol. Les éléments nouveaux ou transformés apparus dans les secondes versions sont alors répertoriés et comparés aux procédés utilisés par Warhol, ce qui permet d’évaluer l’influence de ce dernier sur l’évolution musicale du groupe. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019

Esta dissertação discute os protagonistas do romance Laranja Mecânica, de Anthony Burgess, e dos filmes Laranja Mecânica e Vinyl, de Stanley Kubrick e Andy Warhol, respectivamente, comparando como tais personagens representam o indivíduo em sociedade. Para tanto, se apóia nas teorias de Joseph Campbell, Antonio Candido e Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, sobre as personagens, e de Ítalo Calvino sobre a Leveza. São analisadas as três obras, para o entendimento das peculiaridades presentes em cada uma das narrativas, bem como a trajetória do protagonista nas três narrativas, até que estas atinjam o desfecho. Os conceitos de bem e de mal, mantidos sob concepções estabelecidas na nossa sociedade, são ameaçados quando o protagonista é submetido à Técnica Ludovico, tratamento que tem o objetivo de diminuir a quantidade de presos nas prisões e que, para isso, retira o poder de escolha do indivíduo, que passa a ser capaz de praticar somente atos de bondade, já que toda a exposição ao mal o leva à dor e ao incômodo insuportável. / This M.A. thesis discusses the protagonists in Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange and the films A Clockwork Orange and Vinyl, directed by Stanley Kubrick and Andy Warhol, respectively, comparing how such characters represent the individual in society. The thesis draws on the theories by Joseph Campbell, Antonio Candido, and Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, concerning the characters, and by Italo Calvino, concerning Lightness. The three works are analyzed aiming at the understanding of the peculiarities present in each one of the narratives, as well as the trajectory of the protagonist in the three narratives, until they reach the end. The concepts of good and evil, maintained under conceptions established in our society, are threatened when the protagonist is subjected to the Ludovico Technique, treatment that has the objective of reducing the quantity of prisoners in jails. For that, it eliminates the power of choice of the individual, who happens to be able to practice acts of kindness only, since all exposure to evil brings him to pain and to unbearable discomfort.

This thesis document serves as a support paper for my exhibition titled, Selected Work. The goal of this document is to present and discuss a set of ideas and interests as they pertain to my studio practice and thesis project in particular, and to contemporary (ie. current) art practices in general. In this document I examine selected works from Marcel Duchamp, Andy Warhol, Andy Kaufman, Maurizio Cattelan and Richard Prince. Through the exploration of these artists and their works, I begin by examining the object and the conditions that give it approval as an art object. Using these conditions, I examine the effect that experience has on the object. This support paper will serve as a glossary of terms and theoretical concerns relevant to my thesis exhibition / vi, 64 leaves : col. ill. ; 29 cm

Ceramics has always existed on the fringes of craft and high art. The purpose of this thesis project is to elevate clay beyond the traditions of craft by examining the historical use of clay and the everyday object. My research looks specifically at works by Marcel Duchamp, Andy Warhol, Jeff Koons and Jasper Johns in order to examine the origin of displaying the massproduced object and reflecting upon it’s validity as high status art object. In this project I am also interested in infrastructural systems within modern architecture-- plumbing, wiring, heat ducts vents-- with a specific focus on systems lurking inside walls and how these function to influence architectural space. With the advent of modern plumbing, concealing these elements was adopted as the new standard and still exists today. Through the presentation of defamiliarized handmade objects, my exhibition presents the appearance of manufactured material through the serial manipulation of scale, surface and quantity. The result reveals a clay piece that renders the material unrecognizable providing the viewer with a new view on the object's tradition. / v, 47 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm

Esta dissertação discute os protagonistas do romance Laranja Mecânica, de Anthony Burgess, e dos filmes Laranja Mecânica e Vinyl, de Stanley Kubrick e Andy Warhol, respectivamente, comparando como tais personagens representam o indivíduo em sociedade. Para tanto, se apóia nas teorias de Joseph Campbell, Antonio Candido e Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, sobre as personagens, e de Ítalo Calvino sobre a Leveza. São analisadas as três obras, para o entendimento das peculiaridades presentes em cada uma das narrativas, bem como a trajetória do protagonista nas três narrativas, até que estas atinjam o desfecho. Os conceitos de bem e de mal, mantidos sob concepções estabelecidas na nossa sociedade, são ameaçados quando o protagonista é submetido à Técnica Ludovico, tratamento que tem o objetivo de diminuir a quantidade de presos nas prisões e que, para isso, retira o poder de escolha do indivíduo, que passa a ser capaz de praticar somente atos de bondade, já que toda a exposição ao mal o leva à dor e ao incômodo insuportável. / This M.A. thesis discusses the protagonists in Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange and the films A Clockwork Orange and Vinyl, directed by Stanley Kubrick and Andy Warhol, respectively, comparing how such characters represent the individual in society. The thesis draws on the theories by Joseph Campbell, Antonio Candido, and Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, concerning the characters, and by Italo Calvino, concerning Lightness. The three works are analyzed aiming at the understanding of the peculiarities present in each one of the narratives, as well as the trajectory of the protagonist in the three narratives, until they reach the end. The concepts of good and evil, maintained under conceptions established in our society, are threatened when the protagonist is subjected to the Ludovico Technique, treatment that has the objective of reducing the quantity of prisoners in jails. For that, it eliminates the power of choice of the individual, who happens to be able to practice acts of kindness only, since all exposure to evil brings him to pain and to unbearable discomfort.