Orientador: Zacarias Xavier de Barros / Coorientador: Eduardo Luiz de Oliveira / Banca: Jorge Hamada / Banca: Jandira Liria B. Talamoni / Banca: Marco Antinio M.Biaggioni / Banca: Luis Fernando Rossi Léo / Resumo : Os sistemas de alagados construídos (SACs) são projetados como passivos de depuração, constituídos por lagoas ou canais, compostos por plantas aquáticas livres ou fixas em substratos como areia, solo ou cascalho, onde ocorre a proliferação de biofilmes que agregam populações variadas de micro-organismos presentes nas águas residuárias. O uso combinado de tecnologias simples e de baixo custo como os reatores anaeróbios seguidos de alagados construídos como pós-tratamento, tem sido de interesse para o saneamento em pequenas comunidades. A pesquisa ocorreu em uma planta de tratamento de esgoto real do Departamento de Água e Esgoto de Bauru, localizada no Distrito de Tibiriçá, com vazão média de 4,8L/s, composta por processo de filtro anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente, seguido de sistemas de alagados construídos em paralelo. Como objetivo deste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar a eficiência dos três sistemas de alagados construídos, com tipos de plantas diferentes e analisar quantitativa e qualitativamente os efluentes nas várias etapas do processo de tratamento, para verificar suas eficiências e a possibilidade de reúso do efluente final na agricultura. Diante dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que houve satisfatória remoção de matéria orgânica, com concentração média de 36 e 39 mg/L, nas fases 1 e 2 de operação,respectivamente, atendendo os valores exigidos pela legislação para padrões de emissão, mesmo recebendo concentrações afluentes elevadas, de efluentes não doméstico por batelada, o qual não foi previsto em projeto. Constatou-se que as concentrações de nutrientes, como nitrogênio e fosfato foram altas em todo o sistema e a eficiência de remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal esteve muito abaixo do esperado, não atendendo a legislação que exige lançamentos... (Resumo completo, clicar aesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The constructed wetland systems are designed as passive purification, consisting of ponds or channels, composed of aquatic plants free or fixed on substrates such as sand, soil or gravel, where the proliferation of biofilms is that aggregate diverse populations of micro- organisms present in wastewater. The combined use of simple and inexpensive as the anaerobic reactors followed by constructed wetlands as post-treatment has been of interest for sanitation in small communities. The research took place in a sewage treatment plant's actual Department of Water & Sewer Bauru, located in the District of Tibiriçá with average flow of 4.8 L/s made by a process of upflow anaerobic filter, followed by systems constructed wetlands in parallel. As objective of this study we sought to evaluate the effectiveness of three constructed wetland systems, with different types of plants and analyze quantitative and qualitative effluent at various stages of treatment to monitor their effectiveness and the possibility of reuse in the final effluent agriculture. Considering the results obtained, it was observed that there was satisfactory removal of organic matter, with a mean concentration of 36 and 39 mg/L, phases 1 and 2 operations, respectively, given the values required by law for emission standards, even with affluent high concentrations of non-domestic waste per batch, which was not foreseen in the project. It was found that concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphate were high throughout the system and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was much lower than expected, does not meet the law requires that releases up to 20 mg/L. The results obtained for nitrogen and phosphate in effluent from constructed wetland systems, it is concluded that the system is also functioning as a secondary... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

O processo de espessamento e clarificação dos efluentes das usinas de beneficiamento de carvão mineral com a adoção de sedimentadores é uma prática consagrada ao longo de todo o mundo uma vez que é necessário o reaproveitamento da água utilizada tanto por questões econômicas como ambientais. O primeiro sedimentador, tipo espessador, a entrar em operação industrial na região carbonífera de Santa Catarina foi instalado na Mina Barro Branco da Carbonífera Rio Deserto em 2007. O equipamento era dotado de lamelas de PVC e foi instalado como alternativa às bacias de decantação, que apresentam alto custo de construção e operação. Contudo, o equipamento se mostrou ineficaz devido a deposição de sólidos nas lamelas. Essa dificuldade levou a adoção de outros modelos de sedimentadores de fluxo vertical que não utilizam lamelas. Esse trabalho apresenta os dados disponíveis da operação do equipamento com as lamelas na Mina Barro Branco e resultados atuais da operação dos sedimentadores da Mina Esperança sem lamelas. Nesse segundo caso foi medida a vazão, concentração de sólidos e dos metais ferro, alumínio e manganês, nos fluxos de entrada e saída. No efluente clarificado mediu-se ainda o pH e a turbidez. Registraram-se dados de uma operação satisfatória, com impacto importante na redução dos custos no transporte e deposição dos rejeitos finos e no tratamento do overflow clarificado possibilitando o descarte de acordo com a Legislação Ambiental. / The process of thickening and clarifying the effluents of mineral coal processing plants with the use of settlers is a well-established practice throughout the world since it is necessary to reuse the water used for both economic and environmental reasons. The first settler, a thickener type, to enter into industrial operation in the Santa Catarina coal region was installed at the Barro Branco Mine of the Carbonifera Rio Deserto in 2007. The equipment was equipped with PVC lamellae and was installed as an alternative to the decantation basins, which have a high cost of construction and operation. However, the equipment proved to be ineffective due to deposition of solids in the lamellae. This difficulty led to the adoption of other models of vertical flow settlers that do not use lamellae. This work presents the available data of the operation of the equipment with lamellae in the Mina Barro Branco and current results of the operation of the settlers in the Mina Esperança without lamellae. In this second case the flow, concentration of solids and iron, aluminum and manganese metals in the inflow and outflow were measured. In the clarified effluent the pH and turbidity were also measured. Data were recorded for a satisfactory operation, with a significant impact on the reduction of costs in the transportation and deposition of the fine tailings and in the treatment of the clarified overflow, allowing the disposal according to the Environmental Legislation.

In this study, the effects of neutral particles addition on the breakage of wastewater flocs toimprove the efficiency of sonication pretreatment for UV disinfection process have been studied.Kaolin particles as a potentially useful material that is neutral, natural and cheap were added towastewater samples prior to sonication. Results obtained in this study indicated that hard andsmall kaolin particles do not have any significant effect on the particle breakage efficiency byultrasound. The addition of kaolin particles did not significantly increase the cavitation activity(as characterized by potassium iodide actinometry) either. These findings contradict earlierreports that neutral particles can act as nucleation sites and hence enhance cavitation intensity. Inthis work, sonication of wastewater samples for 60s in the absence of kaolin particles resulted inan approximately one log decrease in the number of surviving bacteria colonies at the tailinglevel and 1.4 log units increase at the initial slope of coliform removal in UV dose responsecurve, however addition of kaolin particles prior sonication did not significantly affect the UVdose response curve .The results presented in this study should be treated as preliminary andfurther detailed investigations are needed to better evaluate this issue.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a utilização dos contratos de parceria públicoprivada, como um meio de captação de recursos da iniciativa privada para os investimentos em estações de tratamento de esgotos no Brasil. Para tanto, inicialmente, diagnosticou-se a situação atual dos serviços de tratamento de esgotos, as necessidades de recursos para a sua universalização, os investimentos realizados e o marco regulatório existente. Em seguida, para se discutir o ingresso de recursos privados, caracterizou-se o ambiente definido pela legislação brasileira para os contratos de parceria público-privada, bem como os vetores de riscos presentes neste ambiente de captação de recursos para as estações de tratamento de esgotos. Por fim, foi elaborado um protótipo para análise da qualidade destes investimentos, buscando orientar o investidor não aparente sobre a distorção nos indicadores da qualidade, provocados pelos vetores de riscos presentes nesta tipologia de empreendimento. / This research aims to study the use of public-private partnerships as a means of funding wastewater treatment investments in Brazil. For this purpose, the current situation of the wastewater treatment services, the need for resources for their universalization, the investments and the existing regulatory frameworks were initially diagnosed. After that, in order to discuss the influx of private investments, the Brazilian legislation for public-private partnership contracts was characterized, as well as the risks of this type of funding for wastewater treatment plants. Finally, a prototype for the analysis of the investment quality was designed to guide stakeholders about probable distortions in performance indicators caused by risk factors present in this type of project.

Environmental releases of chemical compounds from Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are receiving growing attention in the scientific community. Most research suggests that the main pathway for these substances to reach the environment is via Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) due to the effluents from households, industry and hospitals, which can contain substantial amounts of these compounds. Many of these contaminants are poorly treated in conventional WWTPs and are often discharged into the environment with the effluent and sludge, posing ecotoxicological risks to the wildlife and humans. Therefore, it is necessary to limit their release into the environment by controlling their discharge from WWTPs. This can be achieved by adopting advanced wastewater treatment techniques, currently not used as there are no legislative limits on PPCP compounds. However, as the scientific evidence is growing on their adverse impacts, it is only a matter of time before their advanced treatment becomes compulsory. To help guide future developments and inform policy in this area, this work considered a range of advanced treatment techniques with the aim of identifying the most sustainable options. Adopting a life cycle approach and considering all three dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental and social), nine technologies were assessed on sustainability: four for WWTP effluent and five for sludge treatment. The advanced wastewater treatment methods considered are: (i) granular activated carbon, (ii) nanofiltration, (iii) solar photo-Fenton, and (iv) ozonation. The sludge treatment techniques comprise: (i) anaerobic digestion of sludge for agricultural application; (ii) sludge composting, also for agricultural application; (iii) incineration; (iv) pyrolysis; and (v) wet air oxidation. They were assessed on sustainability using over 28 indicators, some of which were also used to evaluate the implication of different treatment techniques for the energy-water-food (EWF) nexus. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) was applied to aggregate the sustainability indicators into an overall sustainability index for each alternative and identify the most sustainable option(s). The results suggest that, among the four techniques considered for advanced effluent treatment, nanofiltration and granular activated carbon have the lowest life cycle environmental impacts. Although not preferable at all operating ranges, they have the lowest burdens and are, overall, most sustainable. The latter also has the lowest impact on the EWF nexus at mean operating parameter, and is the preferred option as the treated effluent can be used for potable water due lower concerns over the presence of PPCPs. However, the results also suggest that, from the ecotoxicological point of view, there is little benefit in using any of the advanced wastewater treatment techniques assessed. This is due to the life cycle ecotoxicological impacts from the treatment itself being similar or even higher than for the effluent released into the environment untreated. For sludge treatments, anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis are environmentally and economically preferable techniques. The former is the best with respect to the EWF nexus due to the recovery of energy and agricultural fertilizers. In relation to social aspects, wet air oxidation is amongst the most desirable for high resource recovery, together with the two former techniques. The heavy metals content in the sludge applied on agricultural soils is a major concern for freshwater ecotoxicity potential, posing risks orders of magnitude higher than PPCP compounds.

A Baía de Guanabara, ambiente de localização do Arsenal de Marinha do Rio de Janeiro (AMRJ), sofre com a intensa pressão antrópica, principalmente no aspecto da qualidade das águas. Neste contexto, uma fração considerável da poluição decorre das atividades dos estaleiros, uma vez que a atividade industrial naval no Rio de Janeiro não tem mecanismo de controle de poluição à altura do seu real potencial poluidor. Esta ausência de fiscalização possibilita o lançamento na Baía de resíduos sólidos, esgotos sanitários, efluentes químicos, oleosos e tóxicos, tornando crescente a contaminação dessas águas, margens e mangues. Estes descartes cada vez mais são alvo das exigências ambientais da sociedade e das legislações. Devido a isto, a gestão de efluentes líquidos do Arsenal tornou-se prioritária, para tal, esse estudo foi proposto, tendo iniciado pela análise das oficinas do estaleiro, na qual as operações no dique foram identificadas como uma das mais impactantes do estaleiro. A partir desta constatação, estão apresentadas duas fontes de pesquisas para a redução dos impactos. Na primeira etapa, há o estudo das atividades geradoras de efluentes no dique de reparo, com os objetivos de propor a implantação das diretrizes de melhores práticas de gestão, de minimizar a geração de efluentes líquidos e de contribuir para a adoção de práticas ambientais proativas. Como segunda pesquisa, com base nas tecnologias mundiais, há a proposta de tratamento dos efluentes de um dique, na qual foram identificados os processos que irão atender às necessidades ambientais do estaleiro, com as opções de escolha entre o tratamento parcial, para o descarte na rede pública, ou com o prosseguimento do processo até o seu reúso. As conclusões deste estudo apontam para a implantação da gestão ambiental do dique sistematizada, rigorosa e integrada com a gestão das embarcações, acrescentando-se a isto, as necessidades de incorporação de tecnologias modernas e de sistema de tratamento dos efluentes, propiciando de maneira sustentável que haja a continuação do processo de produção do estaleiro e, ao mesmo tempo, permitindo o retorno da biodiversidade da Baía de Guanabara. / Guanabara Bay, located at Arsenal de Marinha do Rio de Janeiro (AMRJ), suffers from intense human pressure, especially on what is referred about water quality. In this context, a considerable part of the pollution comes from the shipyards activity, sine that the naval industrial activity in Rio de Janeiro has no mechanism for pollution control that matches its real potential polluter. This lack of inspection makes it possible the launch of solid waste in Guanabara Bay, in addition of sanitary sewage, chemical waste, oily and toxic, which increases the contamination of the water, shores and mangroves. These discard has been, more and more, a target of societys environmental demands and of laws also. Because of that, the management of wastewater from Arsenal has become a priority, for that, this study was suggested. Beginning with the analyses of the shipyard workshops, which dry docks activities have been identified as one of the most striking on the shipyard. From this conclusion, two research sources for impact reduction are presented. In the first stage there is a study of activities that creates wastewater in the dry dock of repair, with the purpose to propose the establishment of guidelines to improve the management practices, to minimize the production of liquid effluents and to help with the embracement of pro-active environmental practices. In the second research, with bases in world technologies, there is the purpose to treat the effluents from a dry dock, in which there were processes identified that would attend to the shipyards environmental needs, with options of choice between the partial treatment, for disposal in public network, or to the persecution of reuse procedure. The conclusions of this study point to the implantation of a systemized environmental management of the dry dock, rigorous and integrated with the management of vessels. Adding to it, the need to incorporate modern technologies and treatment systems of effluents, which will provide, in a sustainable way, that the process of production of the shipyard could proceed. And, at the same time, allowing the return of the biodiversity of the Guanabara Bay.

Largement utilisés par l’agriculture intensive, les pesticides sont aujourd’hui présents dans les différents compartiments environnementaux et ce à un niveau mondial. Les recherches de ces travaux de thèse se sont plus particulièrement portées sur deux grandes thématiques, l’une liée à l’écodynamique des pesticides en Garonne estuarienne par la caractérisation des sources, la présence et le devenir des molécules, et l’autre sur leur transfert dans les compartiments eau, air et sols d’un château viticole. Des méthodes d’analyse simples et rapides à mettre en oeuvre ont été optimisées, tout en étant sensibles afin d’être compatibles avec l’étude des milieux faiblement contaminés.Les pesticides les plus fortement quantifiés dans les stations d’épuration (STEP) bordelaises sont le diuron, l’imidaclopride et le fipronil (≈ 50-100 ng.L-1). N’étant pas éliminés par les différents traitements, ils sont présents dans les rejets (apports de l’ordre du g.j-1) qui peuvent alors être une source de contamination pour le milieu. Si les pesticides majoritairement présents dans la Garonne sont le métolachlore et ses métabolites (≈ 10-800 ng.L-1), qui présentent des pics printaniers en lien avec l’application de la molécule, les pesticides caractéristiques de STEP sont également quantifiés. Les concentrations sont plus faibles (0,5-20 ng.L-1) et moins variables mais ne peuvent cependant pas être négligées, certaines molécules étant fortement toxiques même à faible concentration, comme le fipronil (PNEC = 0,77 ng.L-1).Les sols du château viticoles sont caractérisés par des pics printaniers (50-1000 ng.g-1) en pesticides en lien avec les applications, comme le boscalid ou l’azoxystrobine. Des molécules non utilisées depuis plusieurs années, comme le diuron, ont également été mis en évidence à plus faibles niveaux de concentrations (ng.g-1) et moins variables ce qui témoigne de la persistance de certaines molécules. Le compartiment atmosphérique est également caractérisé par des pics saisonniers en lien avec l’application et la volatilité des molécules, comme le folpel ou le chlorpyrifos-methyl. Des pesticides non utilisés par le château mais potentiellement appliqués par des exploitations voisines comme le métolachlore ont également été détectés, ce qui démontre bien du transport des molécules. Des pesticides interdits (diuron), non utilisés (métolachlore) et utilisés (boscalid) par le château ont été mis en évidence dans la nappe phréatique. / Intensive use of pesticides led to a widespread contamination of water, air and soils compartments. The present study focused on two main subjects, one based the ecodynamic of pesticides in Garonne River by characterization of sources, presence and outcome of these molecules and one other based on their transfer to air, water and soil compartments of a vineyard. Easy and fast methods of extractions were optimized although they were sensitive in order to be applied for mildly contaminated samples.Most quantified pesticides in Bordeaux wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were diuron, imidaclopride and fipronil (≈ 50-100 ng.L-1). As treatments were not efficient to remove pesticides, effluents are a significant source for the Garonne River (daily discharge around 5 g). Even if major pesticides in Garonne River were metolachlor and its metabolites (≈ 10-800 ng.L-1) which showed spring peaks, typical WWTP pesticides were also quantified. Concentrations were lower (0,5 - 20 ng.L-1) and variable but they cannot be neglected as they can be highly toxic. Fipronil was for instance detected at concentrations sometimes exceeding its PNEC (0.77 ng.L-1).Vineyard soils were characterized by spring peaks of pesticides (50-1000 ng.g-1) that can be related to applications, like boscalid or azoxystrobine. Pesticides forbidden for a long time have also been detected, like diuron but in lower concentrations levels (ng.g-1) and less variable, that highlighted persistence of such molecule. Atmospheric compartment was also characterized by spring peaks than can be related to applications and molecule volatility, with the presence of folpet and chlorpyrifos-methyl. Pesticides non used by the vineyard were also detected such as metolachlor, which highleted the transport of such molecules. Forbidden (diuron), non-used (metolachlor) and currently used (boscalid) pesticides were detected in the aquifer.

Este estudo procurou investigar a utilização de polímeros para condicionamento de lodo de ETE para desidratação em filtro prensa de placa e verificar as eventuais vantagens em relação ao condicionamento com cal e cloreto férrico. Para isso foram realizadas pesquisa bibliográfica, consulta a fornecedores de polímeros e de equipamentos e trabalhos experimentais em laboratório e em escala piloto com lodo gerado nos digestores anaeróbios da ETE Barueri da SABESP que mostrava interesse em fazer o condicionamento do lodo com polímeros. Atualmente, na ETE Barueri o condicionamento de lodo é feito com cal e cloreto férrico, com dosagens em torno de 25% e 10% respectivamente e a desidratação em filtro prensa de placas, com tempo de ciclo de 4 horas, produz tortas com 40% de teor de sólidos e densidade de 1,20 kg/L. Nos experimentos foram utilizados polímeros catiônicos de alto peso molecular. O equipamento piloto utilizado foi um filtro prensa de placa do tipo membrana diafragma com dez placas de 800 x 800 mm. Nos ensaios do filtro prensa piloto, com a utilização de polímero em pó para o condicionamento de lodo, indicou-se uma redução nos custos de produtos químicos consumidos em relação ao condicionamento com cal e cloreto férrico. O condicionamento com polímero em pó e cloreto férrico, com dosagens respectivamente de 4,83 kg/ton e 6,3%, resultou numa torta com teor de sólidos de 31% e densidade de 1,13 kg/L. Já o condicionamento feito somente com polímero em pó, com dosagem de 5,38 kg/ton, resultou numa torta com teor de sólidos de 30% e densidade de 1,08 kg/L, porém apresentou problemas na soltura das tortas. A utilização de polímeros permitiu trabalhar em taxas iniciais de filtração mais altas, resultando num tempo de filtração em torno de 120 minutos, implicando em tempos de ciclo mais curtos. / This study investigated the utilization of polymers for the conditioning of the sludge generated at Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP) for dewatering at filter presses, verifying the eventual advantages in comparison with the conditioning with lime and ferric chloride. Specific bibliography was researched, polymer and equipment suppliers were consulted and experimental studies were carried out at the laboratory and in a pilot scale. The sludge was generated at the anaerobic digesters of Barueri WTP operated by SABESP which has shown interest in this method. Currently, at Barueri WTP the sludge conditioning is performed with lime and ferric chloride at dosages around 25% and 10%, respectively. The dewatering is processed by filter presses during a cycle period of 4 hours, producing cakes with 40% of solids and a density of 1,20 kg/L. The experimental studies were carried out with high molecular weight cationic polymers. The pilot equipment consisted of a filter press with a diaphragm membrane with 10 plates measuring 800 x 800 mm each. During the tests at the pilot filter press, when dry polymers for sludge conditioning were utilized, it was verified that the cost of chemical products consumed was reduced in comparison with the conditioning with lime and ferric chloride. The sludge conditioning with dry polymers and ferric chloride at respective dosages of 4,83 kg/ton and 6,3% resulted in cakes with 31% of solids and density of 1,38 kg/L. On the other hand, the sludge conditioned only with dry polymers at a dosage of 5,38 kg/ton resulted in cakes with 30% of solids and density of 1,08 kg/L, but the cake release from the plates was difficult. The utilization of polymers allowed higher initial filtration rates resulting in a 120 minute filtration period with a consequent reduction of the cycle time.

A diminuição da disponibilidade de água de boa de qualidade em nível mundial é resultado, entre outros fatores, do consumo elevado exercido pela agricultura irrigada. A fim de minimizar os impactos ocasionados por essa atividade aos recursos hídricos, muitos países demonstram a viabilidade do emprego de efluentes de esgoto tratado na agricultura. Contudo, esta prática oferece riscos à saúde pública através dos organismos patogênicos capazes de sobreviver no esgoto. Entre estes patógenos a OMS destaca os protozoários e os helmintos parasitas do homem, pelo fato de apresentarem maior período de sobrevivência em condições adversas e alto poder de infecção. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento qualitativo e quantitativo dos parasitas intestinais de importância sanitária presentes no esgoto afluente, no efluente tratado e no efluente desinfetado de duas estações de tratamento localizadas na cidade de Piracicaba. A ETE Cecap é composta por um sistema australiano com uma lagoa anaeróbia, lagoas facultativas primária e secundária e tratamento por filtração e desinfecção por cloração. A ETE Piracicamirim é constituída por reatores UASB seguidos por lagoa aerada, decantadores secundários de lodo ativado, tratamento por filtro de areia e desinfecção por radiação ultravioleta. Entre maio de 2008 e dezembro de 2009 foram coletas amostras do esgoto bruto e dos efluentes tratado e desinfetado, seguindo as orientações de AYRES e MARA (1996). As técnicas de preparo e análises parasitológicas foram realizadas segundo YANKO (1987) e WHO (1999). A ETE Cecap apresentou uma freqüência de amostras positivas de 40 por cento para o efluente desinfetado, sendo Toxocara sp o parasita mais presente com 46,17 ovos/l. A média de ovos de helmintos para o período de estudo foi 3,78 ovos/l de efluente desinfetado. A ETE Piracicamirim apresentou uma freqüência de 100 por cento para o efluente desinfetado. Ascaris sp foi o parasita mais encontrado nos três pontos de coleta. A média de ovos de helmintos para o período foi de 0,89 ovos/l de efluente desinfetado. A ETE Cecap não apresentou um efluente final propício à utilização na irrigação. Já o efluente proveniente da ETE Piracicamirim atende as recomendações da WHO (2006), para a presença de ovos de helmintos, para utilização na irrigação irrestrita / Decreased availability of good water quality worldwide is a result, among other factors, high consumption exerted by irrigated agriculture. In order to minimize the impacts caused by this activity to water, many countries demonstrate the viability of using treated sewage effluent in agriculture. However, this practice provides a public health risk through the pathogens can survive in sewage. Among these pathogens, WHO stresses the protozoa and helminths of human, because they presented greater period of survival in adverse conditions and high power of infection. This paper aims to evaluate the quality and quantity of intestinal parasites of sanitary importance present in the raw sewage in the treated effluent and disinfected from two treatment plants located in the city of Piracicaba. The sewage treatment plant CECAP comprises an Australian system with an anaerobic pond, facultative ponds primary and secondary treatment by filtration and disinfection by chlorination. The sewage treatment plant Piracicamirim consists of UASB followed by aerated lagoon, activated sludge secondary clarifiers, treatment by sand filter and disinfection by ultraviolet radiation. Between May 2008 and December 2009 were collected and samples of raw sewage effluent treated and disinfected, following the guidelines of AYRES and MARA (1996). The techniques of preparation and analysis were performed according parasitological YANKO (in 1987) and WHO (1999). CECAP showed rates of positive samples of 40 per cent for the effluent disinfected with Toxocara sp parasite more present with 46.17 eggs/l. The mean helminths eggs for the study period was 3.78 eggs/l effluent disinfected. Piracicamirim showed rates of 100 per cent for the effluent disinfected. Ascaris sp was the parasite most commonly found in the three collection sites. The mean helminths eggs for the period was 0.89 eggs/l effluent disinfected. CECAP not produced a final effluent suitable for irrigation use. Already the effluent from the sewage treatment plant Piracicamirim meets the recommendations of WHO (2006), for the presence of helminths eggs for use in unrestricted irrigation

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / O tratamento de esgoto à fundamental para a manutenÃÃo da qualidade dos corpos dâÃgua. O presente trabalho investigou os aspectos tÃcnicos e operacionais da estaÃÃo de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) por lodos ativados com aeraÃÃo prolongada do Campus do Pici, situada na Universidade Federal do Cearà e propÃs medidas corretivas para compatibilizar as eficiÃncias reais com as de projeto. Por meio da anÃlise dos parÃmetros fÃsicos, quÃmicos e biolÃgicos de qualidade de Ãgua no afluente e efluente avaliou-se a eficiÃncia real da ETE, sendo que os principais parÃmetros operacionais foram avaliados no tratamento preliminar, tanque de aeraÃÃo e decantador secundÃrio. De posse dos dados coletados, compararam-se os dados de eficiÃncia com os valores citados na literatura para a tecnologia de lodos ativados por aeraÃÃo prolongada, assim como os valores obtidos na avaliaÃÃo operacional da ETE. Adicionalmente, foram verificados quais parÃmetros atendiam aos limites da Portaria no 154 da SuperintendÃncia Estadual de Meio ambiente do Cearà (Semace). Constatou-se que a ETE està submetida à sobrecarga hidrÃulica, comprometendo desta forma a eficiÃncia de remoÃÃo de matÃria orgÃnica e patogÃnicos, alÃm da baixa remoÃÃo de nutrientes, que faz com que o efluente nÃo atenda aos limites da supracitada portaria para amÃnia e fÃsforo. Como principal intervenÃÃo na ETE, recomendou-se a construÃÃo de mÃdulos complementares para distribuiÃÃo da vazÃo afluente de forma a sanar o problema de sobrecarga hidrÃulica, alÃm da possibilidade de inclusÃo de tratamento em nÃvel terciÃrio para o problema dos nutrientes. Sà apÃs a realizaÃÃo desta intervenÃÃo, poderÃo ser propostas medidas para a otimizaÃÃo da ETE e adequaÃÃo do efluente a todos os padrÃes de lanÃamento estabelecidos e avaliados na presente investigaÃÃo. / Wastewater treatment is very important to maintain the quality of water bodies. The present work evaluated the technical and operational aspects of an activated sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP), classified as prolonged aeration, located at the âCampus do Piciâ of the Federal University of CearÃ, and propose some interventions to make compatible real and design efficiencies. The physical-chemical and biological water analysis of influent and effluent allowed to monitor the real WTP efficiency. Some operational parameters were assessed in the preliminary treatment, aeration tank and secondary settler. After the monitoring time, the real organic matter, nutrients and pathogens removal efficiencies were compared to values reported in literature for the activated sludge system in extended aeration, as well as for the operational parameters. Additionally, it was verified which parameters were below the limits reported in the regulation (Portaria no 154 of Secretaria de Meio ambiente do CearÃ, Semace). It was concluded that the WTP was hydraulically overloaded, which is compromising the organic matter and pathogens removal, beside the low nutrients efficiency. Because of this, the WTP effluent is not accomplishing the regulation limits for ammonium and phosphorous. As a major intervention, we suggest the construction of other modules to distribute the inflow, with the aim of decrease the hydraulic overload problem, beside the possibility of including a tertiary treatment to decrease the nutrients concentrations. Only after these improvements we can think of ways to optimize the WTP to achieve the design efficiencies and effluent limits.