<p>Abstract (in English)</p><p>The task for the diploma work was to develop methods for measuring of moisture content by the Karl Fischer method, in jam, jelly sweets, and fudge.</p><p>The start premises was a for the company whole new equipment, which should be started up. Then programs should be developed for different kind of samples.</p><p>In the task it was as well included to develop methods for dissolving the different kind of samples, since the Karl Fischer method demands completely dissolved sample material.</p>

<p>Polythermal glaciers, i.e. glaciers with a combination of ice at and below the freezing point, are widespread in arctic and subarctic environments. The polythermal structure has major implications for glacier hydrology, ice flow and glacial erosion. However, the interplay of factors governing its spatial and temporal variations such as net mass balance, ice advection and water content in the ice is poorly investigated and as yet not fully understood. This study deals with a thorough investigation of the polythermal regime on Storglaciären, northern Sweden, a small valley glacier with a cold surface layer in the ablation area. Extensive field work was performed including mapping of the cold surface layer using ground-penetrating radar, ice temperature measurements, mass balance and ice velocity measurements. Analyses of these data combined with numerical modelling were used specifically to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of the cold surface layer, the spatial distribution of the water content just below the cold surface layer transition, the effect of radar frequency on the detection of the surface layer, and the sensitivity of the cold surface layer to changes in forcing.</p><p>A comparison between direct temperature measurements in boreholes and ground-penetrating surveys shows that the radar-inferred cold-temperate transition depth is within ±1 m from the melting point of ice at frequencies above ~300 MHz. At frequencies below ~155 MHz, the accuracy degrades because of reduced scattering efficiency that occurs when the scatterers become much smaller compared to the wavelength. The mapped spatial pattern of the englacial cold-temperate transition boundary is complex. This pattern reflects the observed spatial variation in net loss of ice at the surface by ablation and vertical advection of ice, which is suggested to provide the predominant forcing of the cold surface layer thickness pattern. This is further supported by thermomechanical modeling of the cold surface layer, which indicates high sensitivity of the cold surface layer thickness to changes in vertical advection rates.</p><p>The water content is the least investigated quantity that is relevant for the thermal regime of glaciers, but also the most difficult to assess. Spatial variability of absolute water content in the temperate ice immediately below the cold surface layer on Storglaciären was determined by combining relative estimates of water content from ground-penetrating radar data with absolute determination from temperature measurements and the thermal boundary condition at the freezing front. These measurements indicate large-scale spatial variability in the water content, which seems to arise from variations in entrapment of water at the firn-ice transition. However, this variability cannot alone explain the spatial pattern in the thermal regime on Storglaciären.</p><p>Repeated surveys of the cold surface layer show a 22% average thinning of the cold surface layer on Storglaciären between 1989 and 2001. Transient thermomechanical modeling results suggest that the cold surface layer adapts to new equilibrium conditions in only a few decades after a perturbation in the forcing is introduced. An increased winter air temperature since mid-1980s seems to be the cause of the observed thinning of the cold surface layer. Over the last decades, mass balance measurements indicate that the glacier has been close to a steady state. The quasi-steady state situation is also reflected in the vertical advection, which shows no significant changes during the last decades. Increased winter temperatures at the ice surface would result in a slow-down of the formation of cold ice at the base of the cold surface layer and lead to a larger imbalance between net loss of ice at the surface and freezing of temperate ice at the cold-temperate transition.</p>

Advancements in computation and development of physically based hydrologic models to simulate complex vadose zone scenarios helped the research community to evaluate different scenarios easily compared to long-term field experiments. However, some field data collection is necessary to obtain input data such as soil properties, water usage and land management practices to validate the model performance specific to the site. Data obtained from field experiments conducted in 2011 at Hespler farms, Winkler, MB was used in this research for model calibration and validation. The hydrologic model, HYDRUS (2D/3D) was evaluated using parameters such as visual and statistical analysis. Model evaluation during the calibration and validation stage gave RMSE values of 0.019 and 0.015 cm3 cm-3; PBIAS values of -1.01 and -0.14, respectively, suggesting that the model was efficient in simulating soil water content similar to the field observed data. The validated models were then used to simulate outcomes for different scenarios such as 30-year rainfall data (1986 – 2015), different soil physical properties, and drainage system design parameters. Models simulating free drainage predicted lower soil water content compared to controlled drainage leading to 6 – 60 more trafficable days for 8 m spacing and 0.9 drain base depth. Free drainage predicted 8 – 110 additional trafficable days compared to controlled drainage for 15 m spacing and 1.1 drain depth. Heavier than normal rainfall events caused high water contents leading to a few years with a very low to no trafficable days under controlled drainage conditions. The comparisons are presented based on models using free drain conditions. Models with 8-m drain spacing predicted a 1 to 10-day increase in the number of trafficable days compared to the 15-m drain spacing. Drains placed at a base depth of 1.1 m below the soil surface predicted 4 - 40 more trafficable days compared to those installed at a base depth of 0.9 m. / October 2017

The signal resulting from the IR-FSE sequence has been thoroughly analyzed in order to improve the accuracy of quantitative T1 mapping of the human brain. Several optimized post-processing algorithms have been studied and compared in terms of their T1 mapping accuracy. The modified multipoint two-parameter fitting method was found to produce less underestimation compared to the traditional multipoint three-parameter fitting method, and therefore, to result in a smaller T1 estimation error. Two correction methods were proposed to reduce the underestimation problem which is commonly seen in IR-FSE sequences used for measuring T1, especially when a large turbo factor is used. The intra-scan linear regression method corrects the systematic error effectively but the RMSE may still increase due to the increase of uncertainty in sequences with large turbo factors. The weighted fitting model corrects not only the systematic error but also the random error and therefore the aggregate RMSE for T1 mapping can be effectively reduced. A new fitting model that uses only three different TI measurements for T1 estimation was proposed. The performance for the three-point fitting method is as good as that of the multipoint fitting method with correction in the phantom simulation. In addition, a new ordering scheme that implements the three-point fitting method is proposed; it is theoretically able to reduce the total scan time by 1/3 compared to the TESO-IRFSE sequence. The performance of the three-point fitting method on the real human brain is also evaluated, and the T1 mapping results are consistent to with the conventional IR-FSE sequence. More samples of true anatomy are needed to thoroughly evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques when applied to T1 mapping of the human brain.

Os métodos indiretos de determinação da condutividade hidráulica do solo em função do conteúdo de água no solo apresentam relevante vantagem pela redução de tempo e custo. No entanto, quando são comparados aos métodos de determinação em campo, seus valores não satisfazem as reais condições. Assim, com este trabalho, objetivou-se comparar resultados da condutividade hidráulica pelo modelo de van Genuchten a partir da curva de retenção, CRA, determinada no laboratório e em campo, assim como indicar a melhor maneira de estimar o conteúdo de água no solo a partir de leituras tensiométricas quando se usa a CRA no método do perfil instantâneo, MPI. O experimento foi conduzido em quatro profundidades de um Latossolo e de um Nitossolo, que correspondiam aos seus respectivos horizontes pedológicos. Para confecção da CRA em campo, foi instalado, no centro de cada horizonte, um tensiômetro com manômetro de mercúrio, para determinação da tensão da água, e coletadas, de cada profundidade, amostras de solo com estrutura deformada às tensões de 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 kPa, para determinação do conteúdo gravimétrico de água; foram retiradas também, de cada profundidade, amostras com estrutura indeformada, por meio de um extrator do tipo Uhland, para determinação da densidade do solo, necessária para conversão dos dados para conteúdo volumétrico de água. Para a CRA em laboratório foram coletadas amostras de solo com estrutura indeformada também por meio de extrator do tipo Uhland. As amostras foram submetidas às tensões de 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 kPa em funis de placa porosa, e para as tensões de 33, 50, 100, 300, 600, 900, 1.200 e 1.500 kPa em câmara de pressão com placa porosa. Todas as amostras foram coletadas em triplicata. Por fim, procedeu-se com os cálculos da condutividade hidráulica pelo modelo de van Genuchten. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que: (a) a metodologia de determinação da CRA no campo mostrou-se satisfatória, assim como o seu ajuste pela equação utilizada por van Genuchten no seu método de determinação da condutividade hidráulica relativa, Kr, com coeficientes de determinação sempre maiores que 0,9; (b) os valores da Kr obtidos pelo método de van Genuchten quando se utilizou a CRA de laboratório foram sempre maiores em relação aos valores obtidos com a CRA determinada no campo; e (c) no MPI há necessidade de se conhecer o conteúdo de água no solo ao longo do perfil durante o processo de redistribuição da água, e uma das maneiras de se obter esse conteúdo é por meio da CRA; com base nos resultados obtidos e em face à primeira conclusão, pode-se dizer que quando se utiliza a CRA para estimar o conteúdo de água pelo MPI, a utilização da CRA determinada no campo deve fornecer resultados mais realísticos da função K(&theta;). / The use of indirect methods to determine the soil hydraulic conductivity as a function of soil-water content is very advantageous because of the reduction of time and cost. However, when compared with field methods, values do not satisfy the actual conditions. So, the objective this work was to compare results of hydraulic conductivity by van Genuchten\'s model from the water retention curve, WRC, determined in the laboratory and in the field, well as indicate the better way to estimate the soil-water content from tensiometer readings using WRC, in the instantaneous profile method, IPM. The experiment was carried out in four depths of an Oxisol and a Nitosol, corresponding to their pedological horizons. To obtain the field WRC, a mercury manometer tensiometer was installed in the centre of each horizon, for the determination of the soil-water tension, and disturbed soil samples were collected at tensions of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kPa, to determinate the gravimetric soil-water content; undisturbed soil samples were also taken by means of a soil extractor type Uhland to determine soil bulk density, required to convert data to volumetric soil-water content. For laboratory WRC soil samples were collected with undisturbed structure also by means of soil extractor type Uhland. The water tension used were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kPa in porous plate funnels, and tensions of 33, 50, 100, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 kPa porous plate pressure chamber. All samples were collected in triplicate. Finally, the calculations of hydraulic conductivity by van Genuchten\'s model were made. According to the results, it can be concluded that: (a) the methodology for determining field WRC was satisfactory, as well as its adjusting by the equation used by van Genuchten in his method of relative hydraulic conductivity, Kr, estimation with ever determination coefficients always greater than 0.9; (b) the Kr values obtained by the method of van Genuchten when using the laboratory WRC were always higher as compared to the values obtained with the field WRC; and (c) in the IPM, it is necessary to know the soil-water content along the soil profile, during the process of water redistribution, and one of the ways to estimate the water content is through the WRC. Based on the obtained results and given the first conclusion, it can be said that when using WRC to estimate the water content in the IPM, the use of the field WRC should provide more realistic results for K(&theta;).

A pesquisa teve como objetivo integrar o método GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) com a sísmica de refração, visando o mapeamento do N.A. e a estimativa do teor de umidade em uma área de estudos hidrogeológicos no campus da USP, assim como analisar a acurácia da medida dos dois métodos. Foram realizados ensaios geofísicos, granulométricos, de teor de umidade, do grau de saturação, do monitoramento do N.A. e acompanhamento dos índices pluviométricos em três períodos com variações sazonais no decorrer de um ano denominados período chuvoso (janeiro/2004); período intermediário (abril/2004) e período seco (setembro/2004). O mapeamento do N.A. com GPR foi feito com geometria multi-offset, com as antenas de freqüências centrais 50 MHz, 100 MHz e 200 MHz, sendo que as antenas de 100 MHz e 200 MHz foram as que caracterizaram o N.A., refletindo sua variação sazonal e mantendo a tendência prof. N.A. janeiro < prof. N.A. abril < prof. N.A. setembro. O emprego da sísmica de refração gerou maiores erros e ambigüidades na inversão dos dados. Neste estudo, a sísmica de refração não foi sensível às variações sazonais e, embora os resultados tenham se aproximado das observações diretas, não permitiram mapear a flutuação do N.A. entre os diferentes períodos. A estimativa do teor de umidade volumétrico pelo GPR foi obtida com duas metodologias diferentes que utilizaram a onda direta no solo. Foram empregadas antenas de 50 MHz, 100 MHz e 200 MHz nos diferentes períodos. Observou-se uma variação da umidade entre os períodos, sendo o teor de umidade de janeiro > abril > setembro. A antena de 200 MHz foi a que possibilitara uma melhor acurácia na estimativa do teor de umidade volumétrico. / The present study had as objective to integrate GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) method to seismic refraction, focusing on water table mapping and on the estimate of water content in an area of hydrogeological studies at USP\'s campus, as well as analysing the measuring accuracy of both methods. Several assays were accomplished, such as geophysical, granulometric, of water content, saturation degree, water table monitoring assays and also accompaniment of pluviometric indexes in the study periods with seasonal variations, along a year, denominated rainy period (january/2004), intermediaty period (april/2004), and dry period (september/2004). Water table mapping by GPR was made with multi-offset geometry, with 50 MHz, 100 MHz and 200 MHz central frequency antennas, seeing that 100 MHz and 200 MHz antennas were those ones, which characterized the water table, reflecting its seasonal variation and maintaining the depth of the water tablejanuary < depthapril < depthseptember tendency. The use of seismic refraction generated larger mistakes and ambiguities in the data inversion. In this study, seismic refraction was not sensitive to seasonal variations and, although the results have approached to direct observations, they did not allow mapping the water table fluctuation among the different periods. The estimate of volumetric water content by GPR was obtained with two different methodologies that have used the direct ground wave. Fifty MHz, 100 MHz and 200 MHz antennas were used in the different periods. A moisture variation was observed among these periods, being the water content of January > April > September. Two hundred MHz antenna was the one that had facilitated a better accuracy in the estimate of moisture content.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Sementes de espÃcies iniciais sÃo sensÃveis à luminosidade e sua germinaÃÃo à fortemente inibida pela luz filtrada pela vegetaÃÃo. As sementes das espÃcies tardias nÃo requerem luz e a germinaÃÃo à reforÃada por luz vermelho extremo. Os principais fatores ambientais que podem influenciar no processo germinativo sÃo: luz, temperatura e teor da Ãgua. Baseado nas premissas da sucessÃo ecolÃgica, esse estudo tem como objetivos avaliar as respostas ecofisiolÃgicas da germinaÃÃo das sementes de sabià (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) em relaÃÃo à temperatura, luminosidade e dessecaÃÃo, para posterior introduÃÃo da espÃcie em programas de recuperaÃÃo de Ãreas degradadas. As anÃlises foram feitas com sementes coletadas na Fazenda Experimental do Vale do Curu da Universidade Federal do Cearà â UFC, no municÃpio de Pentecoste â CE. Determinou-se a biometria de frutos e sementes e foi avaliada a germinaÃÃo em diferentes temperaturas (5ÂC, 10ÂC, 15ÂC, 20ÂC, 25ÂC, 30ÂC, 35ÂC, 40ÂC, 45ÂC e 10-40ÂC), tipos de luminosidade (luz branca, vermelha, vermelho extremo e escuro) e teores de Ãgua (9,04%, 6,06%, 4,68%, 3,54%, 3,10% e 3,07%). No experimento de biometria de frutos e sementes os dados foram submetidos à anÃlise descritiva. Os experimentos de temperatura, luminosidade e teor de Ãgua foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Verificou-se que as sementes possuem maior porcentagem de germinaÃÃo na temperatura de 25ÂC e germinam na faixa de temperatura de 10-40ÂC. A germinaÃÃo das sementes à considerada como indiferente a luminosidade e controlada pelo fitocromo A por meio da resposta de fluÃncia muito baixa (RFMB). As sementes nÃo sofrem danos a baixos nÃveis de teor de Ãgua e sÃo classificadas como ortodoxas. / Initial seed species are sensitive to light and their germination is strongly inhibited by light filtered by vegetation. The seeds of the later successional species do not require light and the germination is enhanced by far red light. The main environmental factors that can influence the germination process are: light, temperature and water potential. Based on the assumptions of ecological succession, this study aims to evaluate the ecophysiologicals responses of seed germination of sabià (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) in relation to temperature, light and desiccation, for later specie introduction to recovery programs in degraded areas. The analyzes were performed with seeds collected at the Vale do Curu Experimental Farm of Federal University of Cearà - UFC, Pentecoste city â CearÃ. It was determined biometrics fruit and seed and germination was evaluated at different temperatures (5ÂC, 10ÂC, 15ÂC, 20ÂC, 25ÂC, 30ÂC, 35ÂC, 40ÂC, 45ÂC and 10-40  C), types of light (white light, red light, far red light and dark) and humidities (9.04%, 6.06%, 4.68%, 3.54%, 3.10% and 3.07%). Experiment of biometrics fruit and seed the data were analyzed descriptively. The experiments of temperature, light and humidity content were conducted in a completely randomized design. It was found that the seeds have a higher germination rates at 25ÂC and germinated in the temperature range of 10-40ÂC. Seed germination is considered indifferent to light and controlled by the phytochrome using the response very low fluence (RFMB). And the seeds not suffer damage to low levels of humidity content and were classified as orthodox.

Os métodos indiretos de determinação da condutividade hidráulica do solo em função do conteúdo de água no solo apresentam relevante vantagem pela redução de tempo e custo. No entanto, quando são comparados aos métodos de determinação em campo, seus valores não satisfazem as reais condições. Assim, com este trabalho, objetivou-se comparar resultados da condutividade hidráulica pelo modelo de van Genuchten a partir da curva de retenção, CRA, determinada no laboratório e em campo, assim como indicar a melhor maneira de estimar o conteúdo de água no solo a partir de leituras tensiométricas quando se usa a CRA no método do perfil instantâneo, MPI. O experimento foi conduzido em quatro profundidades de um Latossolo e de um Nitossolo, que correspondiam aos seus respectivos horizontes pedológicos. Para confecção da CRA em campo, foi instalado, no centro de cada horizonte, um tensiômetro com manômetro de mercúrio, para determinação da tensão da água, e coletadas, de cada profundidade, amostras de solo com estrutura deformada às tensões de 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 kPa, para determinação do conteúdo gravimétrico de água; foram retiradas também, de cada profundidade, amostras com estrutura indeformada, por meio de um extrator do tipo Uhland, para determinação da densidade do solo, necessária para conversão dos dados para conteúdo volumétrico de água. Para a CRA em laboratório foram coletadas amostras de solo com estrutura indeformada também por meio de extrator do tipo Uhland. As amostras foram submetidas às tensões de 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 kPa em funis de placa porosa, e para as tensões de 33, 50, 100, 300, 600, 900, 1.200 e 1.500 kPa em câmara de pressão com placa porosa. Todas as amostras foram coletadas em triplicata. Por fim, procedeu-se com os cálculos da condutividade hidráulica pelo modelo de van Genuchten. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que: (a) a metodologia de determinação da CRA no campo mostrou-se satisfatória, assim como o seu ajuste pela equação utilizada por van Genuchten no seu método de determinação da condutividade hidráulica relativa, Kr, com coeficientes de determinação sempre maiores que 0,9; (b) os valores da Kr obtidos pelo método de van Genuchten quando se utilizou a CRA de laboratório foram sempre maiores em relação aos valores obtidos com a CRA determinada no campo; e (c) no MPI há necessidade de se conhecer o conteúdo de água no solo ao longo do perfil durante o processo de redistribuição da água, e uma das maneiras de se obter esse conteúdo é por meio da CRA; com base nos resultados obtidos e em face à primeira conclusão, pode-se dizer que quando se utiliza a CRA para estimar o conteúdo de água pelo MPI, a utilização da CRA determinada no campo deve fornecer resultados mais realísticos da função K(&theta;). / The use of indirect methods to determine the soil hydraulic conductivity as a function of soil-water content is very advantageous because of the reduction of time and cost. However, when compared with field methods, values do not satisfy the actual conditions. So, the objective this work was to compare results of hydraulic conductivity by van Genuchten\'s model from the water retention curve, WRC, determined in the laboratory and in the field, well as indicate the better way to estimate the soil-water content from tensiometer readings using WRC, in the instantaneous profile method, IPM. The experiment was carried out in four depths of an Oxisol and a Nitosol, corresponding to their pedological horizons. To obtain the field WRC, a mercury manometer tensiometer was installed in the centre of each horizon, for the determination of the soil-water tension, and disturbed soil samples were collected at tensions of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kPa, to determinate the gravimetric soil-water content; undisturbed soil samples were also taken by means of a soil extractor type Uhland to determine soil bulk density, required to convert data to volumetric soil-water content. For laboratory WRC soil samples were collected with undisturbed structure also by means of soil extractor type Uhland. The water tension used were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kPa in porous plate funnels, and tensions of 33, 50, 100, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 kPa porous plate pressure chamber. All samples were collected in triplicate. Finally, the calculations of hydraulic conductivity by van Genuchten\'s model were made. According to the results, it can be concluded that: (a) the methodology for determining field WRC was satisfactory, as well as its adjusting by the equation used by van Genuchten in his method of relative hydraulic conductivity, Kr, estimation with ever determination coefficients always greater than 0.9; (b) the Kr values obtained by the method of van Genuchten when using the laboratory WRC were always higher as compared to the values obtained with the field WRC; and (c) in the IPM, it is necessary to know the soil-water content along the soil profile, during the process of water redistribution, and one of the ways to estimate the water content is through the WRC. Based on the obtained results and given the first conclusion, it can be said that when using WRC to estimate the water content in the IPM, the use of the field WRC should provide more realistic results for K(&theta;).

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo_Trautmann.pdf: 645387 bytes, checksum: b943a284ef2f8a8c03b005a6d3050a51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Soybeans are an annual crop demanding boron (B). However, the boron fertilizer management should be done cautiously, especially with regard to doses to be applied because of the narrow range between adequate and toxic for this nutrient in the soil. Another important aspect directly related to the availability of B to plants refers to soil moisture conditions, since B is preferentially transported into the soil to the surface of the roots by mass flow. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of sources and application rates of boron in the growth of soybean (Glycine max) in an Oxisol of medium texture, under different water tensions. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Horticulture Station Protected Cultivation and the State University of West of Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, using pots with 5 dm3 of soil. We used a randomized split-plot in a factorial 5 x 2 x 3, with five doses of B (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg dm-3); two sources (boric acid and colemanite) and three strains of soil water (-0.01, -0.03 and -0.10 MPa), with four replications. The results indicated that the development of soybean, in general, is not influenced when keeping the voltage level of water in the ground to -0.1 MPa (soil moisture of 65% of field capacity). The shoot growth of soybean was not influenced by boron fertilization, regardless of whether the withholding is more or less soluble. In turn, the root growth was negatively affected by the application of up to 2 mg dm-3 of B in soil with initial 0.4 mg dm-3. Under water tension of -0.1 MPa soil fertilization with B rates from 0.25 to 2.0 mg dm-3 as colemanite resulted in less loss of water by the soybean leaves. The amount of B in soil and soybean leaves increases linearly with increasing doses of the nutrient into the soil, was observed at the maximum dose, 2 mg dm-3 of B, typical symptoms of B toxicity in soybean leaves / A soja é uma das culturas anuais mais exigentes em boro (B). Entretanto, o manejo da adubação boratada deve ser realizado com muita cautela, principalmente no que diz respeito às doses a serem aplicadas, devido à estreita faixa entre o nível adequado e o tóxico para este nutriente no solo. Outro aspecto importante relacionado diretamente com a disponibilidade de B para as plantas refere-se às condições hídricas do solo, já que o B é preferencialmente transportado no solo até a superfície das raízes pelo fluxo de massa. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da aplicação de fontes e doses de B no crescimento da soja (Glycine max) em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico de textura média, submetido a diferentes tensões de água. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, na Estação de Horticultura e Cultivo Protegido da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, em Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, em vasos com 5 dm3 de solo. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em parcelas subdivididas, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 x 3, sendo cinco doses de B (0,0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mg dm-3); duas fontes (ácido bórico e colemanita) e três tensões de água no solo (-0,01, -0,03 e -0,10 MPa), com quatro repetições. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o desenvolvimento da cultura de soja, de maneira geral, não é influenciado quando se mantêm o nível de tensão de água no solo até -0,1 MPa (umidade do solo de 65% da capacidade de campo). O crescimento da parte aérea da soja não foi influenciado pela adubação boratada, independentemente se a fonte aplicada é mais ou menos solúvel. Por sua vez, o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular foi negativamente afetado com a aplicação de de até 2 mg dm-3 de B, em solo com teor inicial de 0,4 mg dm-3. Sob tensão de água no solo de -0,1 MPa a adubação com doses de B de 0,25 a 2,0 mg dm-3 como colemanita implicou em menor perda de água pelas folhas de soja. Os teores de B no solo e no tecido foliar da soja aumentam linearmente com o aumento das doses do nutriente aplicado no solo, sendo observado na dose máxima, 2 mg dm-3 de B, sintomas típicos de toxidez de B nas folhas de soja

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tania_Helena_Neunfeld.pdf: 1460464 bytes, checksum: 39e57b9f11339575ac02d5b49b4ee6e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The economic importance of biofuels in the Brazilian national scene has increased interest in crops such as physic nut. The study aimed to determine the effects of drying, environment and period of storage in fruits and seeds of Jatropha curcas L. and the interference of these variables in seed quality. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Technology of Seeds and Seedlings of the Western Parana State University during May 2010 to September 2011. The fruits were collected at Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul. Treatments consisted of four types of drying: 1) dry physic nut fruits to sun, 2) dry physic nut fruits to shade, 3) seeds drying in the sun, 4) seeds drying in the shade; and two storage environments: a) laboratory storage (not controlled atmospheric conditions) and b) cold storage (temperature 14 ± 2 ° C and relative humidity of 65-80%). The storage period was 15 months. The experimental design was a completely randomized in factorial scheme 4x2x6. We carried out a morphometric characterization of Jatropha curcas seeds (length, width and thickness) as well as weight of a thousand seeds and moisture content, percentage of normal seeds germinated in a substrate rollpaper, the germination speed, and tetrazolium test for the indication of the physiological potential of the seed lot; performing evaluations are equidistant from three months of storage (zero months - not stored seeds, three, six , nine, twelve and fifteen months). The data were subjected to statistical evaluation by SISVAR and GENES programs. The results indicated that drying should preferably be performed in the absence of fruit, whether the sun or shade and storage, especially for long periods, should not occur in an environment of high humidity as this in cold conditions in this study / A importância econômica dos biocombustíveis no cenário nacional vem despertando o interesse por culturas como o pinhão-manso e, por conseguinte, elevam-se as dúvidas com relação à pós-colheita das sementes da espécie. Assim, o trabalho objetivou determinar os efeitos de secagem, ambiente e período de armazenamento nas sementes de Jatropha curcas L. e quantificar a interferência destes processos em sua qualidade. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Tecnologia de Sementes e Mudas da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná durante maio de 2010 a setembro de 2011. Os frutos utilizados procederam do município de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro tipos de secagem: 1) secagem de frutos de pinhão-manso ao sol, 2) secagem de frutos de pinhão-manso à sombra, 3) secagem de sementes de pinhão-manso ao sol, 4) secagem de sementes de pinhão-manso à sombra; e dois ambientes de armazenamento: a) armazenamento em laboratório (condições atmosféricas não controladas) e b) armazenamento em câmara fria (temperatura de 14±2°C e umidade relativa do ar de 65-80%). O período de armazenamento foi de até 15 meses. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2x6. Realizou-se a caracterização morfométrica das sementes de pinhão-manso com a mensuração do comprimento, largura e espessura das sementes, caracterização da massa de mil sementes e grau de umidade, e empregaram-se as variáveis de porcentagem de sementes normais germinadas em substrato rolo de papel, velocidade de germinação, e o teste de tetrazólio para a indicação do potencial fisiológico do lote de sementes; efetuando-se avaliações eqüidistantes de três meses a partir do armazenamento (zero meses - sementes não armazenadas, três, seis, nove, doze e quinze meses). Os dados foram submetidos à avaliação estatística pelos programas SISVAR e GENES. Os resultados indicaram que a secagem deve preferencialmente ser realizada na ausência do fruto, seja ao sol ou à sombra e o armazenamento, sobretudo por longos períodos, não deve ocorrer em ambiente de elevada umidade relativa (acima de 65-80%) como presente em câmara fria nas condições deste estudo