Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-25T13:06:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Leilaine Elisa Romano.pdf: 1471293 bytes, checksum: 6b285121668b66c678267cc210609ebe (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-25T13:06:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Leilaine Elisa Romano.pdf: 1471293 bytes, checksum: 6b285121668b66c678267cc210609ebe (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 / Emerging contaminants can be defined as chemical compounds in commercial products, which can be recorded in environmental and biological matrices, although they do not have legal regulations yet regarding their disposal and presence in the environment. Drugs as emerging pollutants have stood out among researches due to their impact on the environment and health, for example by impairing surface water quality and so its consumption. The presence of these substances into the environment occurs because of their use to treat diseases in humanbeings and animals. Drugs are, so, realeased by excretion, and also by effluents into water bodies. The consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by the population has been quite high due to their analgesic and antipyretic properties. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the presence of diclofenac sodium as an anti-inflammatory drug in river of Cascavel city, Paraná. Water samples were collected from the Cascavel river, from July to November, 2017. Samples were pH adjusted, filtrated and solid phase extracted with SPE cartridges. After elution, the analytes were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, using C18 column and UV-VIS detector. The method underwent a validation study, so that linearity, limit of detection and quantification, intermediate precision and recovery were analyzed. The data show that the studied parameters are in accordance with the current legislation on analytical validation. The samples results, analyzed by the proposed method, showed some ranging from 0.70 to 1.06 μg.L-1. Chapter I introduces the scientific paper containing the chromatographic method optimization to determine diclofenac sodium in environmental samples as well as the results concerning its occurrence in the studied samples. / Contaminantes emergentes podem ser definidos como compostos químicos presentes em produtos comerciais, que podem ser encontrados em matrizes ambientais e biológicas e que ainda não possuem regulamentação legal quanto ao descarte e à presença no ambiente. Fármacos como contaminantes emergentes têm ganhado destaque entre as pesquisas devido ao impacto que podem causar no meio ambiente e na saúde, a partir, por exemplo, do comprometimento da qualidade das águas superficiais e para consumo. A introdução destas substâncias no ambiente ocorre por uso no tratamento de doenças em humanos e animais, as quais são, então, liberadas por excreção, e também pelo lançamento de efluentes em corpos hídricos. O consumo de fármacos anti-inflamatórios não esteroides pela população é bastante elevado devido também às suas propriedades analgésicas e antipiréticas. Por conseguinte, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença do fármaco anti-inflamatório diclofenaco sódico em águas superficiais de rio na cidade de Cascavel-PR. Foram coletadas amostras de água no rio Cascavel no período de agosto a novembro de 2017. As amostras passaram por ajuste no pH, filtração e extração em fase sólida com cartuchos SPE. Após a eluição, os analitos foram analisados por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência, utilizando coluna C18 e detector UV-VIS. O método passou por estudo de validação, em que foram analisados a linearidade, o limite de detecção e quantificação, a precisão intermediária e a recuperação. Os dados registram que tais parâmetros estão em conformidade com a legislação vigente sobre validação analítica. Os resultados das amostras analisadas pelo método prosposto apresentaram variação de 0,70 a 1,06 μg.L-1. O Capítulo I apresenta o artigo científico contendo a otimização de um método cromatográfico para determinação de diclofenaco sódico em amostras ambientais e os resultados em termos da ocorrência deste nas amostras estudadas.

This is a master thesis by Maria Ader and David Axelsson, students at the Master of Science in Engineering degree program in Design and Product Realization at KTH, within the master program Integrated Product Design. The thesis work will benefit ÅF and the EU project ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ. The ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ project is part of the EU’s effort to forward climate research, and aims to “coordinate and harmonize research and monitoring efforts that will greatly contribute to our knowledge and understanding of changes occurring in the arctic environment.” One out of 12 subprojects within ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ aims to “increase awareness of drone technology and sensors among researchers and research station managers while making industry aware of innovative potential uses requiring drone and sensor development.” A drone is an unmanned aerial system/vehicle (UAS/UAV), i.e. an airborne vehicle without a human pilot aboard. This master thesis examines the need of drones at the ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ research stations and how arctic climates affect drone technology and the ergonomics of piloting a drone. The thesis also provides an overview of the current state of the drone market and the laws and regulations that affect the use of drones. A survey was distributed within ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ to map the researchers’ need of, and attitudes towards, drones, followed by exhaustive interviews with researchers and other key figures. Field testing at Tarfala Research Station provided complementing data. The primary insight from the study was that the researchers’ need, as well as the tasks and methods that they employ, vary greatly. Another insight was that many researchers want to use drones primarily as a sensor platform to collect data from large areas in a short time span. A situation-based drone recommendation and a concept proposal for a simple water sampling solution were made based on the results of the study / Detta är ett examensarbete utfört av Maria Ader och David Axelsson, studenter på civilingenjörsprogrammet Design och Produktframtagning på KTH, med masterinriktning Teknisk Design. Arbetet är utfört åt ÅF i syfte att bidra till EU-projektet ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ. Iɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ är EU:s satsning på klimatforskning i Arktis och syftar till att “koordinera och harmonisera forskning och miljöbevakning som bidrar till vår kunskap och förståelse av förändringar som sker i de arktiska miljöerna.” Ett av tolv delprojekt inom ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ-projektet syftar till att öka medvetenheten om drönarteknologi och sensorer bland forskare och föreståndare på forskningsstationerna inom ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ, samt att göra drönarindustrin medveten om nya potentiella användningsområden. En drönare är ett obemannat luftfartyg, d.v.s. en flygfarkost utan pilot ombord. Drönare benämns ibland som “UAS” och “UAV”. I den här rapporten används främst den engelska termen “drones”. Detta examensarbete undersöker behovet av drönare på de forskningsstationer som är delaktiga i ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ och hur det arktiska klimatet påverkar drönartekniken och ergonomin. Arbetet kartlägger även drönarmarknaden och de lagar och regler som påverkar användandet av drönare. En utförlig studie genomfördes, där forskarnas behov av drönare undersöktes. En enkät skickades ut inom ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛ och utförliga intervjuer genomfördes med forskare och andra nyckelpersoner. Ett studiebesök på Tarfala forskningsstation kompletterade med fältdata. Den främsta insikten från studien var att behov, arbetsuppgifter och metoder varierar mycket mellan de olika forskarna. En annan insikt var att många ville använda drönare som sensorbärare, och på så sätt insamla data från stora områden på kort tid. Resultatet från studien låg till grund för en situationsbaserad drönarrekommendation samt ett konceptförslag för en enkel vattenprovtagningslösning.