Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2017-08-31T14:56:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Victor Bruno Canever.pdf: 1482142 bytes, checksum: 5ea5ec70f5f38d4308c87bc5ea3bf8d2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T14:56:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Victor Bruno Canever.pdf: 1482142 bytes, checksum: 5ea5ec70f5f38d4308c87bc5ea3bf8d2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Biogas from anaerobic digestion for energy production proposal has being increasing globally in recent years. Biogas from anaerobic digestion is seen as a good alternative for the production of electric power, heat and fuels. And an almost unanimous goal, worldwide speaking is the research for processes that upgrade biogas into bio methane. The majority of biogas produced in Brazil is used in rural areas as heat source, using in direct combustion or to produce off-grid electric power, and the lack of filtration processes could damage the equipment where the pure biogas are being used. This work studied CO2 and H2S removal from biogas produced from swine`s manure, using a low-cost, and low pressure, water scrubber prototype. It was used three water based solutions as filtering element: pure water, iron sulphate III in water solution at 4,0 g/l (or 0,01mol/l) and sodium carbonate in water solution at 10,0 g/ l (or 0.094 mol/l). Upgrading around 40 % on CO2 and 70 % on H2S were achieved using pure water, upgrading around 30 % on CO2 and 75 % on H2S were achieved using iron sulphate III in water solution and an upgrade around 55 % on CO2 and 99 % on H2S were achieved using sodium carbonate in a water solution. The upgrade process efficiency is highly time dependent and a good upgrade results, during the time, were achieved using sodium carbonate in a water solution. / O uso de digestores anaeróbios para a produção de gás combustível tem aumentado mundialmente nos últimos anos. O biogás via digestão anaeróbia é visto como uma boa alternativa para a produção de energia elétrica, calor e combustíveis. Um objetivo quase unânime a nível mundial, é a busca por processos que transformem o biogás em biometano. A maior parte do biogás produzido no país é destinado ao uso rural, na queima direta ou no uso para a produção de energia elétrica off-grid e a ausência de processos de filtragem danificam ao longo do tempo os equipamentos em que o biogás in natura é utilizado. Esse trabalho estudou a remoção de CO2 e H2S do biogás proveniente de dejetos suínos, utilizando um protótipo de baixo custo de lavador de gás de baixa pressão. Foram utilizadas três soluções em água como elemento filtrante, água pura, sulfato de ferro III diluído em água a uma concentração de 4,0 g/l (ou 0,01mol/l) e carbonato de sódio diluído em água a 10,0 g/ l (ou 0.094 mol/l). Remoções na ordem de 40 % para o CO2 e 70 % para o H2S foram alcançadas com água pura, remoções na ordem de 30 % para o CO2 e 75 % para o H2S foram alcançadas com sulfato de ferro III diluído em água e remoções na ordem de 55 % para o CO2 e 99 % para o H2S foram alcançadas com carbonato de sódio diluído em água. Os resultados são altamente dependentes do tempo e, remoções de grandes quantidades de impurezas ao longo do tempo foram alcançadas com o carbonato de sódio.

This work deals with methods of biogas cleaning to natural gas quality for further use. The introduction is focused on technologies for biogas treatment and biogas management for current situation in the Czech Republic. In the main chapter there is a water scrubber technology design and calculation of the absorption column for the conditions given. A simulation model and preliminary economic balance were then developed on the obtained data.

As of today, large unused potential for biogas production exist within the Swedish agriculture sector. The biogas production within this sector is, however, associated with several problems such as poor energy efficiency and non-profitable systems. This is to some degree due to lack of standardized technical solutions. International Micro BioGas AB (IMB AB) has been aided by KTH since 2014. This project investigates several innovations from IMB AB in regards to biogas production:  A mixing device  A building capturing waste heat from the digesters (building concept)  Insulation of the digester (cover concept)  Small-scale and modular package systems The innovations listed above are evaluated from energy, economic and environmental perspectives by doing a case study on the dairy farm Ogestad close to Gamleby, Sweden. Two cases are considered. In Case 1, the raw biogas is burned in a combined heat and power-unit (CHP) in order to produce electricity. In Case 2, raw biogas is upgraded in a small-scale upgrading unit to vehicle gas standards which is sold to the market. The results show that the mixing device is promising in terms of energy use. It is therefore recommended to move on with testing of the equipment. The cover concept and the building concept show similar performance from energy and environmental standpoints. The building concept is concluded not to be economically viable. The cost reduction by applying a modular concept where one product can be used on different sized farms is significant. However, the needed investment from the company is large. The goal of achieving a modular system is therefore concluded desirable. The subsidy from the Swedish board of agriculture covering 40 % of the investment cost, has a major impact on the profitability of the systems. Without this subsidy, the systems are not viable in terms of economy. In Sweden, the small-scale vehicle gas production (Case 2) was concluded the most profitable as well as the best-performing from energy and environmental standpoints. / Inom den svenska jordbrukssektorn finns stor potential för utvidgning av biogasproduktionen. Det finns dock många problem med småskalig biogasproduktion, exempelvis olönsamma och energimässigt ineffektiva system. International Micro BioGas AB (IMB AB) har identifierat att detta till viss del kan bero på bristfälliga tekniska lösningar. Detta då det inte finns någon standardisering av teknik på området. IMB AB har, i samarbete med KTH, sedan 2014 arbetat med olika aspekter av småskalig biogasproduktion. Detta arbete undersöker ett antal innovationer och koncept från IMB AB rörande biogassystem:  En ny metod för omrörning  En byggnad som återvinner värmen från rötkamrarna (byggnadskonceptet)  Ett nytt sätt att isolera rötkamrarna (huvkonceptet)  Småskaliga och modulära paketlösningar Innovationerna och koncepten ovan utvärderas från ett energitekniskt, ekonomiskt och miljömässigt perspektiv genom en fallstudie på mjölkgården Ogestad nära Gamleby i Sverige. Två användningsområden för biogasen analyseras. I Fall 1 (Case 1) bränns rågasen i en kraftvärmeanläggning för att producera elektricitet och värme. I Fall 2 (Case 2) uppgraderas rågasen till fordonsgaskvalitet som sedan säljs till marknaden. Resultaten visar att den nya omrörningsmetoden är lovande ur ett energiperspektiv och en rekommendation är att gå vidare med tekniken och göra experimentella studier. Byggnadskonceptet och huvkonceptet visade likvärdiga resultat ur energitekniskt och miljömässigt perspektiv. Byggnadskonceptet konstaterades vara ineffektivt ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv. Kostnadsreduceringen som uppnås genom att systemet är modulärt och därmed kan produceras i stor skala till olika gårdsstorlekar, är signifikant. Det krävs dock en stor investering från företagets sida. För samtliga fall är systemens lönsamhet starkt beroende av Jordbruksverkets subvention på 40 % av investeringskostnaden och utan den ökar företagets investeringsbehov drastiskt. Med svenska förutsättningar är småskalig produktion av fordonsgas det mest lönsamma samt mest fördelaktiga ur ett miljö- och energiperspektiv.