This thesis presents ground control best practices in weak rock environments including an augmentation to the existing Span Design curve by adding 463 case histories of RMR76 values ranging from 25 to 60. A Neural Network analysis of this data has been added and compared to the existing Span Design data of 292 case histories. Ground support is almost always used in weak rock environments, though the type of support used can vary widely. The development of the weak rock augmented Span Design Curve has also been calibrated to four different support categories; Category A: Pattern Friction Sets, Category B: Pattern Friction Sets with Spot Bolting of Rebar, Category C: Pattern Friction Sets with Pattern Rebar Bolts and Category D: Cablebolting, Shotcrete, Spiling, Timber Sets or Underhand Cut and Fill. Category A is considered “Unsupported” with an average Factor of Safety less than 1.2. Categories B, C and D are considered “Supported” with average Factors of Safety greater than 1.2. All categories are compared the original Critical Span Design Curve presented by Lang (1994). However, only Category A can be accurately compared to the original Critical Span Design Curve as it is “Unsupported” as well. Category A yields good results, however, Categories B, C and D do not, but still demonstrate that spans can remain stable at lower RMR76 values. Design of underground man-entry type excavations in North America relies heavily upon empirical analysis. This design requires a higher Factor of Safety than other non-man entry type excavations. A comparison of the calculated ½ span failure Factor of Safety between all the categories is also presented. The contribution this research provides to the mining industry is the "Unsupported" Weak Rock Updated Span Design Curve and awareness pertaining to the potentially detrimental effects of using resin grounted rebar in weak rock masses and the false sense of security that the use of resin grouted rebar may instill. It is also shown that spans in the “Unstable” zone of the new “Unsupported” Weak Rock Updated Span Design Curve can possibly be stabilized if detailed engineering design is applied to obtain “Supported” status. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of / Graduate

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a massa do aglomerado de galáxias RXC J1504-0248, localizado em z = 0.215, através da análise de lentes fracas, e comparar os resultados com aqueles obtidos em trabalhos anteriores através da análise de raios-X. Imagens do aglomerado foram obtidos nas bandas r\', g\' e i\' com o detector GMOS do telescópio Gemini Sul. A partir dessas imagens, contruímos um catálogo de objetos no campo usando o software Sextractor (SE) (Bertin e Arnouts, 1996). Este software também foi utilizado para classificá-los como galáxias ou estrelas. Foram identificadas 172 galáxias neste campo, que também foram detectadas no Data Release 7 do Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Estas galáxias foram então usadas para obter uma calibração fotométrica das imagens, comparando as magnitudes instrumentais e do SDSS nas mesmas bandas. Após a calibração fotométrica, e através da comparação com imagens do CFHTLS obtidas em cores semelhantes, as galáxias foram classificadas como membros de cluster, foreground ou background, a partir de sua posição nos diagramas cor-cor e cor-magnitude. A reconstrução da massa do aglomerado através da análise de lentes gravitacionais foi realizada em duas etapas. Na primeira, foi utilizado o software IM2SHAPE, desenvolvido por Bridle et al. (1998), que modela os objetos, adicionando até três gaussianas, cada uma definida por seis parâmetros: as coordenadas do centro do objeto, x0 e y0, a elipticidade e, o ângulo de posição , o produto dos semi-eixos maior e menor ab, e a amplitude A. Inicialmente, o programa foi executado apenas para as estrelas do campo, com o objetivo de se obter uma estimativa da distribuição da PSF. A estimativa foi então utilizado como entrada para a análise das galáxias. Na segunda etapa, para estimar a massa do aglomerado foi utilizado o programa LENSENT, desenvolvido por Marshall et al. (2002), cujos parâmetros de entrada são a elipticidade das galáxias de fundo e seus erros. Na técnica de lentes gravitacionais fracas, a dependência radial da deformação das galáxias de fundo permite determinar o perfil de massa do aglomerado. Para estimar a massa, ajustamos um perfil de uma Esfera Isotérmica Singular (SIS, na sigla em inglês), e determinamos o valor da massa dentro de um raio de 3Mpc, 1.3 ± 0.6 x 10¹ Msol. O resultado é consistente com o obtido por Bohringer et al., 2005, 1.7 x 10¹ Msol, através da análise em raios-X. Comparando o mapa de distribuição de luminosidade e da emissão de raios-X concluímos que eles são muito semelhantes à distribuição superficial de massa, resultado que indica equilíbrio. / In this work we studied the galaxy cluster RXC J1504-0248, at z=0.215, from images in the bands r\', g\' and i\' obtained with Gemini South telescope. The photometric calibration was performed by comparison with field objects identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). From the analysis of color-color and color-magnitude diagrams, galaxies in the field were then divided into cluster members, background and foreground objects. We determined the PSF using the IM2SHAPE program \\cite{Bridle98}. These results enabled us to obtain the cluster projected mass distribution through a weak lensing analysis performed with the LENSENT program \\cite{Marshall02}. We also shown that the cluster luminosity distribution and the X-ray emission are consistent with the mass map. Using a SIS model, we estimated the mass of the cluster, obtaining 1.3 x 10¹ Msun, consistent with the mass obtained in a previous X-ray analysis, 1.7 x 10¹ Msun, by \\cite{Bohringer05}.

Soucieux de moderniser le droit de l’arbitrage, le législateur OHADA a adopté des règles particulièrement libérales. Cette approche conforme à la protection des investisseurs, a été généralisée à toute forme d’arbitrage. Il s’ensuit que les règles visant à protéger une partie en position de faiblesse vis-à-vis de son contradicteur ont été peu envisagées. Qu’il s’agisse de la convention d’arbitrage ou du procès arbitral, le sort du faible n’a pas fait l’objet d’une attention particulière. En conséquence, en dépit de nombreuses avancées quant au régime de l’accord arbitral ou du déroulement du procès, le droit OHADA devrait être révisé dans la perspective de pondérer son libéralisme chaque fois la protection du faible est légitime. Cette démarche n’aura de sens que si le législateur OHADA adapte le droit de l’arbitrage à son environnement sociologique et économique. / In order to modernize arbitration law, the OHADA lawmaker adopted particularly liberal rules. This approach complies with the protection of investors, has been generalized to all forms of arbitration proceedings. It follows that the rules designed to protect a party in a weakness position vis-à-vis his opponent has been little considered. Whether the arbitration agreement or of the arbitral proceedings, the fate of the weak is not the subject of special attention. Accordingly, despite many advances as to the regime of the arbitration agreement or conduct of the trial, the OHADA law should be amended in order to mitigate its liberalism whenever the protection of the weak party is legitimate. This approach will only make sense if the OHADA lawmaker adapts the arbitration law to its sociological and economic environment.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The history of the pursuit of uncolourable cubic graphs dates back more than a century. This pursuit has evolved from the slow discovery of individual uncolourable cubic graphs such as the famous Petersen graph and the Blanusa snarks, to discovering in nite classes of uncolourable cubic graphs such as the Louphekine and Goldberg snarks, to investigating parameters which measure the uncolourability of cubic graphs. These parameters include resistance, oddness and weak oddness, ow resistance, among others. In this thesis, we consider current ideas and problems regarding the uncolourability of cubic graphs, centering around these parameters. We introduce new ideas regarding the structural complexity of these graphs in question. In particular, we consider their 3-critical subgraphs, speci cally in relation to resistance. We further introduce new parameters which measure the uncolourability of cubic graphs, speci cally relating to their 3-critical subgraphs and various types of cubic graph reductions. This is also done with a view to identifying further problems of interest. This thesis also presents solutions and partial solutions to long-standing open conjectures relating in particular to oddness, weak oddness and resistance.

Let G be a group. A weak Cayley table isomorphism $\phi$: G $\rightarrow$ G is a bijection satisfying two conditions: (i) $phi$ sends conjugacy classes to conjugacy classes; and (ii) $\phi$(g1)$\phi$(g2) is conjugate to $\phi$(g1g2) for all g1, g2 in G. The set of all such mappings forms a group W(G) under composition. We study W(G) for fifty-six of the two hundred nineteen three-dimensional crystallographic groups G as well as some other groups. These fifty-six groups are related to our previous work on wallpaper groups.

<div>This thesis mainly focuses on the PDE theories that arise from the study of hydrodynamics of nematic liquid crystals. </div><div><br></div><div>In Chapter 1, we give a brief introduction of the Ericksen--Leslie director theory and Beris--Edwards <i>Q</i>-tensor theory to the PDE modeling of dynamic continuum description of nematic liquid crystals. In the isothermal case, we derive the simplified Ericksen--Leslie equations with general targets via the energy variation approach. Following this, we introduce a simplified, non-isothermal Ericksen--Leslie system and justify its thermodynamic consistency. </div><div><br></div><div>In Chapter 2, we study the weak compactness property of solutions to the Ginzburg--Landau approximation of the simplified Ericksen--Leslie system. In 2-D, we apply the Pohozaev type argument to show a kind of concentration cancellation occurs in the weak sequence of Ginzburg--Landau system. Furthermore, we establish the same compactness for non-isothermal equations with approximated director fields staying on the upper semi-sphere in 3-D. These compactness results imply the global existence of weak solutions to the limit equations as the small parameter tends to zero. </div><div><br></div><div>In Chapter 3, we establish the global existence of a suitable weak solution to the co-rotational Beris–Edwards system for both the Landau–De Gennes and Ball–Majumdar bulk potentials in 3-D, and then study its partial regularity by proving that the 1-D parabolic Hausdorff measure of the singular set is 0.</div><div><br></div><div>In Chapter 4, motivated by the study of un-corotational Beris--Edwards system, we construct a suitable weak solution to the full Ericksen--Leslie system with Ginzburg--Landau potential in 3-D, and we show it enjoys a (slightly weaker) partial regularity, which asserts that it is smooth away from a closed set of parabolic Hausdorff dimension at most 15/7.</div>

Les multiprocesseurs et microprocesseurs multicœurs modernes mettent en oeuvre des modèles mémoires dits faibles ou relâchés, dans dans lesquels l'ordre apparent des opérations mémoire ne suit pas la cohérence séquentielle (SC) proposée par Leslie Lamport. Tout programme concurrent s'exécutant sur une telle architecture et conçu avec un modèle SC en tête risque de montrer à l'exécution de nouveaux comportements, dont certains sont potentiellement des comportements incorrects. Par exemple, un algorithme d'exclusion mutuelle correct avec une sémantique par entrelacement pourrait ne plus garantir l'exclusion mutuelle lorsqu'il est mis en oeuvre sur une architecture plus relâchée. Raisonner sur la sémantique de tels programmes s'avère très difficile. Par ailleurs, bon nombre d'algorithmes concurrents sont conçus pour fonctionner indépendamment du nombre de processus mis en oeuvre. On voudrait donc pouvoir s'assurer de la correction d'algorithmes concurrents, quel que soit le nombre de processus impliqués. Pour ce faire, on s'appuie sur le cadre du Model Checking Modulo Theories (MCMT), développé par Ghilardi et Ranise, qui permet la vérification de propriétés de sûreté de programmes concurrents paramétrés, c'est-à-dire mettant en oeuvre un nombre arbitraire de processus. On étend cette technologie avec une théorie permettant de raisonner sur des modèles mémoires faibles. Le résultat ce ces travaux est une extension du model checker Cubicle, appelée Cubicle-W, permettant de vérifier des propriétés de systèmes de transitions paramétrés s'exécutant sur un modèle mémoire faible similaire à TSO. / Modern multiprocessors and microprocesseurs implement weak or relaxed memory models, in which the apparent order of memory operation does not follow the sequential consistency (SC) proposed by Leslie Lamport. Any concurrent program running on such architecture and designed with an SC model in mind may exhibit new behaviors during its execution, some of which may potentially be incorrect. For instance, a mutual exclusion algorithm, correct under an interleaving semantics, may no longer guarantee mutual exclusion when implemented on a weaker architecture. Reasoning about the semantics of such programs is a difficult task. Moreover, most concurrent algorithms are designed for an arbitrary number of processus. We would like to ensure the correctness of concurrent algorithms, regardless of the number of processes involved. For this purpose, we rely on the Model Checking Modulo Theories (MCMT) framework, developed by Ghilardi and Ranise, which allows for the verification of safety properties of parameterized concurrent programs, that is to say, programs involving an arbitrary number of processes. We extend this technology with a theory for reasoning about weak memory models. The result of this work is an extension of the Cubicle model checker called Cubicle-W, which allows the verification of safety properties of parameterized transition systems running under a weak memory model similar to TSO.

The aim of this degree thesis is to create a brief summary of cartographic production for visually impaired people, to evaluate selected works and to create an Asthenopia School Atlas draft. Sample sheets showing an asthenopic map of Australia are included in the appendix of the degree thesis. The MicroStation application program was used for the atlas draft creation as well as for the creation of the Australia map sample sheets.

No description available.

Systems with strong spin-orbit coupling are of particular interest in solid state physics as an avenue for observing and manipulating spin physics using standard electrical techniques. This dissertation focuses on the characteristics of elemental bismuth (Bi), which exhibits some of the strongest intrinsic spin-orbit coupling of all elements, and InSb, which exhibits some of the strongest intrinsic spin-orbit coupling of all compound semiconductors. The experiments performed study the quantum transport signatures of nano- and micron-scale lithographically defined devices as well as spin-orbit coupled material/ferromagnet interfaces. All Bi structures are fabricated from Bi thin "films, and hence a detailed analysis of<br />the characteristics of Bi "film growth by thermal evaporation is provided. Morphologically and electrically high quality "films are grown using a two stage deposition procedure. The phase and spin coherence of Bi geometries constrained in one, two, and three dimensions are systematically studied by analysis of the weak antilocalization transport signature, a quantum interference phenomenon sensitive to spin-orbit coupling. The "findings indicate that the phase coherence scales proportionally to the limiting dimension of the structure for sizes less than 500 nm. Specifically, in Bi wires, the phase coherence length is approximately as long as the wire width. Dephasing due to quantum confinement e"ffects limit the phase coherence in small Bi structures, impairing the observation of controlled interference phenomena in nano-scale Bi rings. The spin coherence length is independent of dimensional constraint by the film thickness, but increases significantly as the lateral dimensions, such as wire width, are constrained. This is a consequence of the quantum transport contribution from the strongly spin-orbit coupled Bi(001) surface state. To probe the Bi surface state further, Bi/CoFe junctions are fabricated. The anisotropic magnetoresistance of the CoFe is modifi"ed when carriers tunnel into the CoFe from Bi, possibly due to a spin dependent tunneling process or an interaction between the spin polarized density of states in CoFe and the anisotropic spin-orbit coupled density of states in Bi. InSb/CoFe junctions are studied as InSb "films are a simpler spin-orbit coupled system compared to Bi "films. For temperatures below 3.5 K, a large, symmetric, and abrupt negative magnetoresistance is observed. The low-"field high resistance state has similar temperature and magnetic "field dependences as the superconducting phase, but a superconducting component in the device measurements seems absent. A differential conductance measurement of the InSb/CoFe interface during spin injection indicates a quasiparticle gap present at the Fermi energy, coinciding with the large magnetoresistance. / Ph. D.