Due to the increasing international operations for the Swedish Armed Forces these new types of opponents needs new tools to cope with these commitments. A couple of years ago the Swedish Armed Forces had no non-lethal weapons, but today the Swedish soldier has a number of tools to choose from. The purpose of this paper is for the reader to get a presentation of which non-lethal weapons are used today by the Swedish Armed Forces and a sample of what non-lethal weapons are out on the market today. My main question is which non-lethal weapons do the Swedish Armed Forces’ miss in their non-lethal capabilities set. I have collected information from a wide selections of sources like reports from the Swedish Defence Research Agency, the Swedish Armed Forces’ own regulations and the Internet. The information is then processed and divided into five chapters: The development of non-lethal weapons, description of technologies, non-lethal weapons in the Swedish Armed Forces, Non-lethal weapons on the market and Results. This paper is limited to handheld, portable and man to man non-lethal weapons, all non-lethal weapons in the Swedish Armed Forces or on the international market are not covered. My conclusion is that the Swedish Armed Forces should acquire three 40 mm projectiles, one 12-gauge projectile and one TASER®.

Thesis (M.A.)--Baylor University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-69).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Boston College, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 262-293).

No description available.

Motivation Ce document synthétise un travail de quatre années relatif à l'étude des phénomènes dynamiques rencontrés dans une arme de petit calibre. Jusqu'à présent, des efforts ont été réalisés pour simuler des armes de gros calibre, avec plus ou moins de succès. L'adaptation directe de ces méthodes au petit calibre est, la plupart du temps, décevante car peu précise. De plus, le coût des essais en arme de petit calibre, relativement faible par rapport à des essais en armes de calibre plus important, a contribué au désintérêt des études dans ce domaine. Encore aujourd'hui, des fabriquants d'armes de renommée internationale ne disposent pas de modèles pour le petit calibre. Celui-ci a été, et reste encore aujourd'hui, le parent pauvre des simulations numériques en balistique intérieure. A l'heure actuelle, de nombreuses recherches sont entreprises dans le cadre des canons électriques ou électromagnétiques. Ces armes, qui représentent peut-être le futur de la balistique, ne sont encore qu'à un stade fort éloigné d'une utilisation effective et opérationnelle. La situation est donc assez paradoxale : les armes de petit calibre sont les plus utilisées (dans le cadre d'une utilisation militaire, sportive ou à des fins de tests) mais il n'existe, à proprement parler, que peu de modèles mathématiques permettant une simulation précise et rigoureuse. Dans ce contexte, ce travail va démontrer que des modèles de balistique intérieure peuvent être utilisés avec succès pour la simulation de tirs en armes de petit calibre. Une des originalités de ce travail consiste en l'utilisation d'un logiciel de CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics} comme squelette d'un simulateur de la balistique intérieure, et à son application sur des armes de petit calibre. L'approche employée permet de dissocier les aspects "mécanique des fluides" et traitement de l'écoulement, des aspects purement balistiques. Nous nous attacherons donc à évaluer la capacité d'un code CFD à fonctionner dans l'environnement particulier de la simulation du "coup de canon". Plan du travail Cette thèse peut être subdivisée en quatre différentes parties. La première partie, plutôt générale, vise à situer le problème dans son contexte. Elle débute par une introduction rapide à la balistique, et s'attarde sur les buts de la balistique intérieure en mettant l'accent sur les particularités des armes de petit calibre, le cas échéant. La simulation sur ordinateur est un aspect important du problème qui doit nécessairement être mis en rapport avec des résultats réels. C'est pourquoi la chaîne de mesure utilisée classiquement en balistique, ainsi que les dispositifs expérimentaux employés pour obtenir des résultats de validation, sont brièvement présentés dans la deuxième partie. La troisième partie est axée sur les modèles. Nous présentons les principaux types de modèles que l'on peut retrouver en balistique intérieure. Les modèles à paramètres globaux et à paramètres locaux sont développés et nous formulons quelques remarques générales au sujet de l'état de l'art dans ce domaine, avant de nous interroger sur la problématique du choix d'un logiciel CFD adapté à l'utilisation visée. Nous présentons alors le logiciel choisi, et détaillons les modèles qu'il utilise pour tenir compte des particularités de la balistique intérieure. Le mouvement du projectile dans l'arme, la combustion et le traitement du problème diphasique sont notamment passés en revue et développés. Mobidic (Mobidic est l'acronyme de : MOdélisation Balistique Intérieure DIphasique Canon) est un logiciel français que nous avons obtenu vers la fin de cette étude. Ce logiciel est reconnu pour sa capacité à modéliser précisément les tirs en arme de moyen et gros calibre. Son fonctionnement et les modèles qu'il utilise sont exposés et comparés à notre implémentation. La quatrième et dernière partie n'est certainement pas la moins importante. Elle présente les résultats issus des tirs que nous avons réalisés et les différentes étapes de validation qui ont été menées à bien, depuis les tests de base jusqu'à la validation totale dans deux armes de petit calibre. Enfin, les conclusions, remarques et directions futures clôturent ce travail.

Este trabalho investiga quantitativamente as causas da adesão de países a tratados internacionais de segurança. Mais precisamente, tratados de controle de armamentos. O principal tratado a ser estudado aqui é o Tratado de Não-Proliferação de Armas Nucleares. Primeiramente fiz uma reconstrução racional dos programas realista e liberal das relações internacionais, com enfoque em regimes internacionais. Trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa, feita com o intuito de subsidiar a pesquisa quantitativa. O cerne do trabalho é a análise econométrica do problema da adesão. Utilizo dados em painel na forma país/ano. Utilizo o universo dos países entre os anos 1968 e 2004. A técnica utilizada é a regressão logística com erro padrão robusto agrupado por país. O principal achado é que democracias aderem mais que autocracias na razão de dois para um. Por fim, temos uma modelagem formal, ainda bastante tentativa, do problema da adesão a tratados de segurança, feita com o intuito de prover uma ferramenta de policy implementation, com base num estudo de caso, qual seja, o da adesão de Índia e Paquistão ao Tratado de Não-Proliferação de Armas Nucleares. A metodologia usada nesta parte é a de desenho de mecanismo. / This study investigates the causes of adhesion to security treaties. The main case of study is the Non-Proliferation Treaty. The rational reconstructions of the liberal and realist research programs inform the quantitative work that follows them. The kernel of this piece is the econometric analysis. I use panel data and cluster robust logits to infer the causes of adhesion of countries to arms control treaties. The main finding is that democracies adhere more than authoritarian domestic regimes with a two to one odds ratio. Finally, I model the strategic situation between India and Pakistan. These two countries are not yet signatories of the NPT. I use mechanism design to come up with a means of promoting better equilibria.

The Weapon Target Assignment (WTA) problem is a fundamental problem arising in defense-related applications of operations research. This problem consists of optimally assigning n weapons to m targets so that the total expected survival value of the targets after all the engagements is minimum. The WTA problem can be formulated as a nonlinear integer programming problem and is known to be NP-complete. There do not exist any exact methods for the WTA problem which can solve even small size problems (for example, with 20 weapons and 20 targets). Though several heuristic methods have been proposed to solve the WTA problem, due to the absence of exact methods, no estimates are available on the quality of solutions produced by such heuristics. In this paper, we suggest linear programming, integer programming, and network flow based lower bounding methods using which we obtain several branch and bound algorithms for the WTA problem. We also propose a network flow based construction heuristic and a very large-scale neighborhood (VLSN) search algorithm. We present computational results of our algorithms which indicate that we can solve moderately large size instances (up to 80 weapons and 80 targets) of the WTA problem optimally and obtain almost optimal solutions of fairly large instances (up to 200 weapons and 200 targets) within a few seconds

Iran’s nuclear program continues to present a major challenge to U.S. policy. At the core of this challenge is one fundamental question: Is Iran attempting to build a nuclear weapon? Objective analysis reveals that Iran’s dependence on oil and natural gas provides sufficient economic merit for Iran to pursue a peaceful nuclear program; without nuclear power to meet rising domestic energy needs, Iran’s economy will suffer. Though the economic justification is valid, the security of Iran and the survival of its regime are overarching; acts of foreign interference in Iran’s affairs have fueled the regime’s quest for a nuclear weapon. For this reason, U.S. administrations since the 1979 revolution have striven to derail Iran’s nuclear program through policies of containment, isolation, and denial of nuclear technology. Considering the current standoff between Iran and the U.S., we must ask another key question: How effective have U.S. policies been? The answer is simple; Iran has made significant progress in its nuclear program. Sanctions, political pressure, and threats proved no obstacle to Iran; worse still, ignoring IAEA and other’s reports that found no convincing evidence that Iran is building nuclear weapons damaged U.S. efforts significantly. Iran’s progress makes it clear that U.S. policies have failed, and its strategies must be discarded in favor of a new approach. This research implicates that a non-confrontational engagement policy, which acknowledges Iran’s needs to build a peaceful nuclear program will provide President Obama and the U.S. the highest probability of preventing Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990. / Thesis Advisor(s): Tritten, James J. Second Reader: Minott, Rodney K. "June 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on 19 October 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Balance of power, Western security (international), international politics, Northern Europe, government (foreign), elimination, nuclear free zones. Author(s) subject terms: Arms control, nuclear free zones, Scandenavia. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-121). Also available in print.

The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) is a reform rebellion that came to power in 1991 and continues to rule with varying level of success in accordance to its promises. This dissertation attempts to provide a full account of the evolution of the EPRDF government and challenges to its promised state building project, and seeks to explore the extent to which its early guiding philosophy and leadership evolved and shaped its transition to and performance as a government. Understanding current gaps and limitations of the EPRDF in government and the key drivers for those is not possible without a comprehensive understanding of the genesis of the organization, its model of leadership and its institutional values. Unfortunately, very few and incomplete accounts of the liberation war are now available in writing as a result of the difficulties of the war environment. Accounts of the critical moments and decisions that shaped the internal institutional values and norms of the organization are mostly available in the memories of individual leaders who by now are at their retirement age and some are already passing away without writing their memoirs. In researching and writing this dissertation, I brought a special perspective to bear as an author: I was a veteran of the armed struggle, a member of its leadership team during the revolutionary war, and played a role during the transitional government and its critical initial years in government. My role in the struggle is the strength and the limitation of this study. The findings of the study show that it some of the critical success factors in the civil war have much to do with the EPRDF early organization and leadership philosophy that guided the movement through the different phases of its organizational growth, leading to maturity and eventual development into the governing political party. Understanding its wartime values and strategies helps understand not only the drivers for its successes in government but also its limitations. The research examines the critical factors for the success of the rebellion in comparison to various contending rebellions that failed. It also chronicles the evolution of the EPRDF into a party that leads a government, its achievements and limitations. It also illustrates how the behavior of the organization and its model of leadership evolved in government. The evolution of the leadership is chronicled along the different phases of in war and in government. Analyzing the economic and political model of the organization is not the focus of the research and will only be covered as much as it helped understand the leadership model, which the researcher considered to be at the center of its successes and limitations. The research places the EPRDF rebellion and government in a comparative theoretical context of African rebellions, civil wars, and transitions to democracy. It argues that the EPRDF represents an important and under-recognized case that demands a revision to the dominant paradigms on African liberation movements and their transition into government. The EPRDF case shows the limitation of the taxonomy of reform rebellions as it overlooks critical variations that shaped its internal behavior. The impact of its particular organizing philosophy of restructuring the Ethiopian state and its leadership culture of theorizing in particular played an important role in shaping its internal behavior. The study also highlights the limitation of the literature in understanding the ‘stateness’ of violent non-state actors and its impacts in their transition to a ruling party. The ERPDF’s high level of ‘stateness’ has contributed significantly to its transition from leading a war into leading a government. / Graduate / 2019-06-21