Les guerriers kouchites avaient la réputation d’exceller en tant qu’archers, les anciens Égyptiens appelant ainsi la région Ta-Seti : « le Pays de l’arc ». Kouch est le nom d’un district mais également d’une entité politique. Et comme toute entité politique, les différents royaumes de Kouch présentaient une force guerrière, une force armée qui n’a cessé d’évoluer durant les siècles, dû également à la série d’importantes occupations égyptiennes et kouchites sur ce territoire. Cette étude consiste en une description et une classification typologique et technique des armes et équipements d’armes fabriqués et utilisés durant l’Antiquité dans le Nord du Soudan : couteaux, dagues, épées, haches de combat, massues, lances, carquois, arcs, flèches, brassards et anneaux d’archer, etc. Adaptées au contexte militaire de chaque époque, ces armes sont pour l’archéologie des outils de connaissance, les témoins d’une situation qui n’a cessé d’évoluer en fonction de multiples critères tels que la notion de « chaîne opératoire », l’organisation des ateliers, le savoir-faire des artisans, les choix et les influences techniques, stylistiques et culturels, les échanges commerciaux, la distinction entre importations et fabrications locales, le statut des guerriers et des autres porteurs d’armes, les dépôts en contexte funéraire, et, naturellement, les symboliques politiques et religieuses qui s’y rattachent. / Kushite warriors were reputed to excel as archers, ancient Egyptians called the region Ta-Seti, “the land of bow”. Kush is the name of a district but also a political entity. As any political unit, the different kingdoms of Kush had a warrior force, which has continuously evolved over the centuries, due also to the series of Egyptian and Kushite occupations of the territory. This study consists of a description and a typological and technical classification of weapons produced and used during the Sudanese antiquity: knives, daggers, swords, battle axes, maces, spears, quivers, bows, arrows, archer braces, archer rings, etc. Adapted to the military context of each period, these weapons are tools of knowledge, witnessing a situation that has evolved based on multiple criteria such as the notion of “chaîne opératoire”, the organization of workshops, the skills of artisans, the technical, stylistic and cultural choices and influences, the distinction between imports and local manufacturing, the warriors status, the funerary deposits, and the political and religious symbols attached to it.

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / This thesis attempts to assess the role Africa has played to further the humanitarian approach to nuclear weapons disarmament. Particular focus is on the Pelindaba Treaty and whether it has been able to strengthen the call for disarmament based on the humanitarian approach. The findings of this research are that the Pelindaba treaty did contribute indirectly to the strengthening of the humanitarian initiative of nuclear weapons disarmament because the Treaty serves as an important contribution towards the achievement of a world without nuclear weapons, which is the key objective of the humanitarian initiative of nuclear weapons disarmament. In addition, the Pelindaba Treaty has also contributed in strengthening the call for overall nuclear disarmament. This is the case as 53 states signed the treaty to rid the continent of nuclear weapons and any direct threats associated with those weapons. In so doing, it has contributed greatly to disarmament efforts. A nuclear weapons free zone across the continent is a powerful statement about the desire for a nuclear free world. It has provided African states with a foundation for engaging in the humanitarian initiative, as it led to some standardisation of statements/positions. Also, since the inception of the humanitarian approach to disarmament, African states have contributed greatly to the initiative. In terms of numbers, in the three conferences on the humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons use that have taken place between 2013 and 2014 (in Oslo, Nayarit and Vienna), it was witnessed that the number of participating African states increased from 34 in the first meeting to 45 in the last meeting. This alone indicates the determination and commitment by these African states to the initiative. Conclusively, this research determined that the Pelindaba Treaty and efforts of African states in general have contributed towards strengthening the call for not only the humanitarian initiative to nuclear weapons disarmament but also to disarmament overall.

The present study examines the relationships between recognition and recall accuracy of faces, and recognition and recall accuracy of objects. Secondly, this study examines the influence of weapon presence on description and identification accuracy, and whether encoding time moderates the effect. 713 participants watched an image that was either displayed for five seconds or twenty seconds, and either included a weapon or no weapon. Subsequently, they were asked to give descriptions of what they saw before viewing a lineup that either included the perpetrator or was made up of innocent suspects. Results indicated that witnesses’ description accuracy of the crime scene had little or no predictive abilities with regards to their facial identification accuracy. Secondly, there was a weapon focus effect found for faces but not for objects. Furthermore, this effect was eliminated at long encoding times. Finally, increasing encoding time improved recognition of objects, but not faces. Results suggest that prior inaccuracy on one aspect of testimony is not necessarily indicative of subsequent inaccuracy on another aspect of testimony. This finding has implications for how jurors and judges should evaluate witness testimony when assessing credibility in the courtroom.

This thesis is focused on the development in the area of weapons and military material export, with emphasis on explanation of weapon trade not only in the Czech Republic, but also from the global standpoint. The first part of the thesis analyses the theory of international weapon trade, its functions and positive contribution of weapon export to economics of the Czech Republic. Next part explains basic terms and definitions regarding the weapon and military material export. Furthermore, it describes the legal framework of weapon trade in the Czech Republic and the regulations imposed on this business, including legal obligations resulting from membership in EU. Third and fourth chapters analyse the development of weapons and military stock export, with emphasis on changes in weapon trade in the year 1989. The final part describes cooperation in the field of international weapon control and international export regulations.

Saab Dynamics is a division of Swedish company Saab AB, offering solutions, products, and services for military defence. Included in the Saab Dynamics portfolio is the Carl-Gustaf recoilless rifle; a man-portable, reusable, anti-tank weapon system. Another Saab produced system is the Trackfire Remote Weapon Station; a remotely operated weapon and sensor system, purposed for use on all types of military platforms. Armoured vehicles used by the Swedish Armed Forces are sometimes equipped with remote weapon stations that aim to provide the vehicle crew with protection, by allowing them to operate the weapons from inside the vehicle. These weapon stations can integrate a selection of different weapons, but there are currently no systems in operation that allow integration of the Carl-Gustaf system. This project was initiated based on a request from the Life Guards, for an integrating system between the Carl-Gustaf M4 and a remote weapon station. The project was conducted at Saab Dynamics, Karlskoga, in cooperation with Karlstad University, and aimed to generate suggestions of vehicle integration between the Carl-Gustaf M4 and a remote weapon station. The project was performed as a product development process, using a systematic method for construction and design to develop concept solutions of an integrating system between Carl-Gustaf M4 barrels, and the Trackfire RWS. The report includes a literature study, performed during a feasibility study, on the three systems: Carl-Gustaf weapon system, remote weapon stations, and wheeled armoured vehicles. Recoil principles and interior ballistics of recoilless rifles are further explained and applied to the study. The feasibility study resulted in a specification of requirements, which was used as a foundation for the concept development.  Concepts of solutions were generated and eliminated using a brainstorming session, a morphological matrix, elimination matrices, and decision matrices. One concept was chosen as the final concept solution; a concept comprised of a construction that enables integration of four Carl-Gustaf M4 barrels on the Trackfire RWS, while dampening the recoil that comes from firing a gun. The construction was modelled and analysed using 3D design and engineering platform 3DExperience. Analyses revealed a strong construction that withstands forces arising when a weapon is operated, yet further analyses on how the construction would manage subjection to long-term vehicle vibration and weapon operation are required. Construction dimension optimisations are encouraged, as well as further development of construction details. Recommendations and suggestions on how to proceed with the system integration are provided as a final part of the report. / Saab Dynamics är en division i svenska företaget Saab AB, som erbjuder lösningar, produkter och tjänster för militärt försvar. Inkluderat i Saab Dynamics porfolio finns granatgevär Carl-Gustaf; ett bärbart, återanvändbart pansarvärnsvapen. Ett annat Saab-producerat system är Trackfire Remote Weapon Station; ett fjärrstyrt vapen- och sensorsystem, ämnat för användning på alla typer av militärplattformar. Pansarfordon som används av Försvarsmakten är ibland utrustade med fjärrstyrda vapenstationer som skyddar fordonsbesättningen genom att låta dem manövrera vapnen inifrån fordonet. Dessa vapenstationer kan integrera ett urval av olika vapen, men för närvarande finns det inget system i drift som tillåter integrering av Carl-Gustaf systemet.  Detta projekt initierades baserat på en begäran från Livgardet, om ett integrerande system mellan Carl-Gustaf M4 och en fjärrstyrd vapenstation. Projektet utfördes på Saab Dynamics Karlskoga, i samarbete med Karlstads universitet, och syftade till att generera förslag på fordonsintegrering mellan Carl-Gustaf M4 och en fjärrstyrd vapenstation. Projektet utfördes som en produktutvecklingsprocess, och använde en systematisk metod för konstruktion och design för att utveckla konceptlösningar för ett integrerande system mellan Carl-Gustaf M4 eldrör och Trackfire RWS. Rapporten inkluderar en litteraturstudie, som utfördes under en förstudie, om de tre systemen: Carl-Gustaf granatgevär, fjärrstyrda vapenstationer och hjuldrivna pansarfordon. Rekylprinciper och inre ballistik hos granatgevär förklaras vidare och appliceras i studien. Förstudien resulterade i en kravspecifikation, som användes som grund för konceptutvecklingen. Konceptlösningar genererades och eliminerades genom användning av en brainstorming session, en morfologisk matris, elimineringsmatriser och beslutsmatriser. Ett koncept valdes ut som den slutliga lösningen; ett koncept bestående av en konstruktion som möjliggör integrering av fyra Carl-Gustaf M4 eldrör på Trackfire RWS, samtidigt som den dämpar rekylen som uppstår vid skjutning av ett eldrör. Konstruktionen modellerades och analyserades i 3D-design- och teknikplattformen 3DExperience. Analyser avslöjade en stark konstruktion som motstår de krafter som uppstår vid användning av ett granatgevär, dock är fortsatta analyser av hur konstruktionen skulle klara att utsättas för fordonsvibrationer och gevärsanvändning under en längre period nödvändiga. Optimering av konstruktionsdimensioner uppmuntras, så som fortsatt utveckling av konstruktionsdetaljer. Rekommendationer och förslag på hur arbetet med systemintegrationen kan fortsättas presenteras i slutet av rapporten.

Master’s thesis describes the design parameters of components of electrical and electronic circuits for the game lasetag. There are described the various components and suggested their connection.

Master of Science

Idag finns 165 Pansarterrängbil 203 (Patgb203) med varianter i tjänst för Sverige. De är framförallt trupptransportörer, men vid behov ska de även kunna ge svarseld. Därför är 203 beväpnad med automatkanonen Hispano-Suiza HS.404, som ursprungligen användes i flygplan. År 1998 upphörde tillverkningen av den tillhörande 20 mm ammunitionen till automatkanonen. Detta innebär att alla Pansarterrängbil 203 med varianter som är bestyckade med 20 mm automatkanonen behöver en ny beväpning innan ammunitionen tar slut. I föregående rapporter av Svensk Konstruktionstjänst AB har utvärderingar till problemet tagits upp där slutsatsen har resulterat att ombeväpna Patgb203 med 12,7 mm Tung kulspruta och behålla den befintliga vapenhuven. Denna rapport avser en konceptstudie vid en ombeväpning av vapenhuven till 20 mm automatkanonen. Rapporten tar systematiskt upp utvecklingen av ett koncept som är väl underbyggt av problemidentifieringar, analys av gränsytor, användarstudie och resultat. Rapporten fokuserar på vapenhållaren i vapenhuven, där låsningen av vapnet, att befintliga funktioner kan bevaras. Även ammunitionsinmatning och tomhyls- och krutgashantering är delsystem av problemet. Pansarterrängbil 203A (Patgb203) är ett 6-hjuligt trupptransportfordon som används av den svenska försvarsmakten för trupptransport, sjuktransport eller reparationsgrupp. En ombeväpning till Tungkulspruta kommer att kunna återge likvärdiga prestanda och ger tillgång till en mer tillgänglig ammunition. Även en större mängd ammunition kan tas med i vagnen vid övning eller strid. En analys av projektilbanan påvisar att det bestrukna området ökar vid en ombeväpning med 34%. Fästhål och fria zoner på grund av in- och utmatning identifieras och lokaliseras. En mängd koncept konstrueras och utvärderas med hjälp av de krav som förstudien har genererat. Delsystem kartläggs och poängsätts för att slutligen rendera i ett slutkoncept. Under konceptutvecklingen var utrymmesbristen i vapenhuven uppenbar. För att kunna få plats med en ny beväpning krävdes att avancerade vinklar togs ut för att undvika de befintliga funktionerna. Att ha en hängande ammunition under vapnet och som följer med i elevationen visades vara den bästa lösningen för att undvika eldavbrott. Slutkonceptet blev Vapenhållare 12.7 för Vapenhuv m/47D. Den kan enkelt integreras i huven med dess befintliga funktioner. Ammunitonen placeras precis under vapnet där en ammunitionshållare är monterad på vapenhållaren. Den kommer på så vis följa med under elevationen och därav minska risken för eldavbrott. Ammunitionshållaren kan vridas i 60 grader för att underlätta hantering av befintliga ammunitionslådor som kan användas i sitt orginalutförande. Tiltningen gör också att de befintliga gränsytorna kan undvikas. Bandlänk tillsammans med tomhylsorna leds ner till hylsuppsamlingslådan med hjälp av en flexibel hylspåse där krutgaserna sugs ut ur Patgb203. Resultatet av den slutliga konceptet är en likvärdig beväpning som ger en mer tillgänglig ammunition. En förbättring är mängden laddad ammunition i vagnen och den mängd ammunition som nu kan medföras. De nya funktionerna är intuitiva och enkla att förstå. Denna konceptstudie är en vidareutvecklings plattform för delsystemen. Med fullskaliga försök och användartester kan trovärdigheten öka för konceptet. / Today there are 165 armored personnel carrier, Patgb 203 with variants, in service for Sweden. They are primarily used as troop carriers, but when required they should be able to return fire. Hence the 203’s have been armed with the automatic gun Hispano-Suiza HS.404, originally used in aircrafts. At the end of the 20th century the production of the special 20 mm ammunition for this weapon was decommissioned. This meant that all the 203’s armed with the 20 mm automatic gun require a new armament. During the last years alternative solution to the problem have been presented while the ammunition slowly starting to run out. In previous reports, from Svensk Konstruktionstjänst AB, a conclusion of the alternatives is to rearming the 203’s with aheavy machine gun (HMG) and keep the existing weapon hood. This report includes a concept study regarding rearmament of the weapon hood for the 20 mm autocannon. This report covers a systematically development process with concepts that are well substantiated with interface and user studies to suggest a final concept for a rearmament of 203’s. The focus of the report is primarily on the weapon holder, which will fasten the weapon to preserve existing features and also subsystems such as ammunition feed, handling of the empty cases and propellant gases. Also fixation holes and free zones on the HMG are located and constructed for the new ammunition feed and ejection. Armored personnel carrier 203A (Patgb203) is a 6-wheeled truck used by the Swedish military for troop transportation, ambulance or repair transportation. The rearmament to a heavy machine gun allows equivalent performance and offers more accessible ammunition. Even a larger amount of ammunition can be included during the exercise/combat in the vehicle. Analyses of the trajectory demonstrate that the coated area increases at a rearmament with 34%. A variety of concepts is developed and evaluated using the requirements that the conducted information retrieval has generated. Subsystems are identified and scored aid a generating final concept. One of the biggest challenges during the concept phase wasthe lack of space. A lot of complicated angles has to be found to avoid all the original features. A hanging ammo concept was shown to be the best solution that prevents unforced firing breaks. The final concept is weapon holder 12.7, which allows a HMG be adapted to a Patgb203. It can easily be integrated into the hood with its existing features. The ammunition can be placed just below the armament where ammunition holder is mounted on the weapon holder. It will thus follow the elevation and reduce the risk for misfiring. The ammunition holder can be rotated 60 degrees to facilitate the ammunition change and let the ammoboxes be used in its original condition. To avoid the existing interfaces the ammo holder can be tilted up. The tilt process also prevents the holder interfering with the existing interface. The empty cases after firing are directed down by a chute to a collector box where the propellant gases are blown outfrom the 203. The result of the final concept is an equivalent armament that allows more available ammunition. The 203’s is now able to return more fire to targets before reloading compared to the existing armament. Also the amount ammunition carried by the vehicle is increased. The new functions are intuitive and easy to understand. This concept study forms a firm base for a further development of the rearmaments subsystems. The concepts credibility can be enhanced with full scale tests and user trials.

The question of China's military rise will be the security issue of the 21st century. Chinese economy has been growing since open door policies were introduced and its implications is the military expansion of China's military, which is gaining strength. Thanks to its weapon acquisition process, China's power gap has been shrinking in comparison to other, developed countries. China's regional military dominance is beginning to be publicly accepted and American strategists are trying to figure out how to keep China respect its international obligations. Despite all disputes, whether historical or current, China assures the other members of the international environment, that her rise, whether economic or military, is a peaceful rise. However, its acquisition process, whether it is led from domestic or foreign sources, causes concerns not only within the region but also from a global perspective. This thesis approaches the Chinese military rise from an alternative perspective. In Sagan design, the thesis tries to explain China's military rise by three modules applied to various doctrinal periods of the People's Republic of China. Three modules explain China's acquisition process from three perspectives - security, domestic political and normative terms. The work assumes that can Sagan's concept,...

This qualitative research study used hermeneutical phenomenology to understand how female victims of the Darfur conflict perceived justice, as related to their lived experiences. Reports from the various international media and Human Rights Organizations and United Nations agencies have revealed a disproportional number of victims’ claims on the lack of effective legal ramifications for perpetrators and the high impunity rates that rob victims of achieving justice for the atrocities they have experienced. The purpose of this investigation was to discover how and if the challenges that the victims’ experienced shaped their interpretation of justice, and how they made meaning of these experiences, as related to their perceptions of justice. This study was important for building peace, since there could be no peace without justice