This master thesis shows which qualities should modern website have and which technologies should be used to achieve them. The thesis should mainly point out, what are the unwritten requirements of the websites nowadays and what the latest trends in this field are. It also mentions which components can be used when creating a website. In the theoretical part there is described the historical development of technical background of the web technology. The following section analyses current web platform development phase and all the new possibilities that are there for the developers and users both. The next part of the thesis shows what the requirements when creating modern websites are and which technologies can be used to fulfil them. In the practical part I am concentrating on developing a new website (from the design to the development, including testing and optimization) while using all of the modern technologies and trends in this field.

Data loss from web applications at different points of compromise has become a major liability in recent years. Existing security guidelines, policies, and tools fail often, ostensibly for reasons stemming from blatant disregard of common practice to subtle exploits originating from complex interactions between components. Current security mechanisms focus on “how to stop illicit data transfer”(i.e., the “syntax”), and many tools achieve that goal in principle. Yet, the practice of securing data additionally depends on allowing administrators to clearly specify “what data should be secured” (i.e., the “semantics”). Currently, translation from “security semantics” to “security syntax” is manual, time­consuming, and ad hoc. Even a slight oversight in the translation process could render the entire system insecure. Security semantics frequently need modifications due to changes in various external factors such as policy changes, user reclassification, and even code refactoring. This dissertation hypothesizes that adaptation to such changes would be faster and less error prone if the tools also focused on automating translation from semantics to syntax, in addition to simply executing the syntax. With this approach, we build following low ­maintenance security tools that prevent unauthorized sensitive data transfer at various vantage points in the World Wide Web ecosystem. We show how the security tools can take advantage of inherent properties of the sensitive information in each case, making the translation process automatic and faster: ● Appu, a tool that automatically finds personal information(semantics) spread across web services, and suggests actions(syntax) to minimize data loss risks. ● Newton, a tool that formalizes the access control model using web cookies. Using this formal approach, it improves the security of the existing session management techniques by detecting(semantics) and protecting(syntax) privileged cookies without requiring input from the site administrator. ● SilverLine, a system for cloud­based web services that automatically derives data exfiltration rules(syntax) from the information about sensitive database tables & inter­table relationships(semantics). Then, it executes these rules using information flow control mechanism.

No description available.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Recent military operations have redefined the way modern warfare is waged. In a deliberate effort to achieve and retain information dominance and decision superiority, many innovative technologies have emerged to assist the human war fighter. Unquestionably, these technologies have generated resounding successes on the battlefield, the likes of which have never been seen. With all the success, however, there are still areas for improvement as the potential exists for further reducing already short sensor-to-shooter times. The current World Wide Web (WWW) is largely a human-centric information space where humans exchange and interpret data ([2] Berners-Lee, 1, 1999). The Semantic Web (SWEB) is not a separate Web, but an extension of the current one in which content is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation (Berners-Lee et al). The result is the availability of the various backgrounds, experiences, and abilities of the contributing communities through the self-describing content populating the SWEB ([2] Berners-Lee, 1999). This thesis assesses current SWEB technologies that promise to make disparate data sources machine interpretable for use in the construction of actionable knowledge with the intent of further reducing sensor-to-shooter times. The adoption of the SWEB will quietly be realized and soon machines will prove to be of greater value to war fighting. When machines are able to interpret and process content before human interaction and analysis begins, their value will be further realized. This off-loading, or delegation, will produce faster sensor-to-shooter times and assist in achieving the speed required to achieve victory on any battlefield. / Lieutenant, United States Navy / Major, United States Army

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Periodista / Resulta paradojal que los mismos avances científicos que, a lo largo de un siglo, han significado un aumento en las expectativas de vida de la población estén en la raíz del incremento en la prevalencia de enfermedades propias del adulto mayor. De acuerdo al Informe de Desarrollo Humano 2009, del Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, PNUD , la esperanza de vida en nuestro continente alcanza actualmente los 71 años. Esta cifra se incrementa a 77 años, en América del Norte, 74 años en Oceanía y 78 años en Europa. En Asia, países como China y Japón presentan expectativas de 81 y 82 años, respectivamente. Este escenario tiene, en sí mismo, gran trascendencia social, por su directa relación con la calidad de vida de las personas y los desafíos en materia de educación y formación de la comunidad, en un contexto de envejecimiento acelerado, proceso que, de acuerdo al mismo informe de la ONU, no tiene precedentes en la historia de la humanidad. El hecho de que hoy uno de cada nueve habitantes de nuestro planeta pertenezca a la tercera edad (personas mayores de 60 años) y que uno de cada cuatro lo será de aquí al 2045, es un fenómeno que no sólo tiene y tendrá repercusiones en los ámbitos económicos, de consumo, el trabajo, las pensiones y flujos migratorios, sino también, y de manera relevante, en el campo de la epidemiología. Y es que, a medida que la población envejece (es decir, vive más años, gracias a una mejor cobertura sanitaria y al desarrollo de nuevos métodos de diagnóstico, entre otros factores), aumenta la prevalencia de las enfermedades características de la tercera y cuarta edad (entendiéndose por esta última el segmento compuesto por los mayores de 80 años). Entre estos problemas de salud destacan las demencias seniles. Es así como, de acuerdo a estimaciones difundidas por la Confederación Española de Familiares de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras Demencias, CEAFA (www.ceafa.es), cada siete segundos se registra un nuevo caso de demencia senil en el mundo.

Ce travail de recherche a pour objectif de comprendre les facteurs constitutifs d’un écosystème web à travers le prisme des SIC. L’entreprise, comme lieu de sociabilité, voit ses frontières remises en question. Le web est un espace pluriel où toutes les opinions peuvent y trouver leur place, cela fait d’ailleurs la spécificité même de la culture numérique. A travers les réseaux sociaux, les individus se sont appropriés la notion de communauté pour désigner des relations entre eux, centrées sur l'authenticité d’un projet collectif, au sens de co-construire une vie digitale. Seulement, l’accès à l’information est réciproque et nécessite une contrepartie tant de la part des internautes que des plateformes en présence. Les théories interactionnistes ont un rôle dominant dans notre compréhension de la notion d’identité numérique. Celles-ci ont pour point commun de souligner le rôle essentiel que joue la circulation de l’information dans la construction identitaire. La production de traces numériques implique les salariés d’une organisation dans un environnement mouvant au sein duquel, même si les périmètres sont délimités par un cadre d’usage, les frontières symboliques sont poreuses. L’e-réputation est un phénomène par lequel les organisations marchandes se retrouvent face à des besoins stratégiques d’affirmer ou de réaffirmer constamment une proposition d’écosystème web, en lien avec leurs identités numériques pour faire sens et produire une dynamique commune. De plus, un écosystème web implique de prendre en compte les innovations techniques et sociales qui permettent à un ensemble d’individus de se constituer en groupe et de s’auto-organiser. Mettre en place un écosystème web permet alors de poser les jalons d’une culture numérique favorisant l’innovation. Grâce à une étude empirique longue réalisée dans le cadre d’une convention CIFRE, notre travail de recherche consiste à rendre compte des enjeux autour de la construction d'un écosystème web et à proposer un modèle pour tenter de le définir. / This research work aims to understand the factors constituting a web ecosystem through the prism of Communication Sciences. As a place of sociability, The Company sees its borders questioned. The web is a plural space where all opinions can find their place, this is a unique specificity of digital culture. Through social networks, individuals have adopted the notion of community to designate relations between them, centered on the authenticity of a collective project, in the sense of co-building a digital life. However, access to information is reciprocal and requires a counterpart from both users and social platforms. Interactionist theories have a dominant role in our understanding of the concept of digital identity. These have in common the importance of the circulation of information in the identity construction process. The production of digital « traces » involves the employees of an organization in a moving environment in which the symbolic borders are porous, even if the perimeters are delimited by a framework of use. The online reputation is a phenomenon in which firms find themselves faced with strategic needs to constantly affirm or reaffirm a web ecosystem proposal, in relation to their digital identities to make sense and produce a shared dynamic. Moreover, a web ecosystem involves taking into account the technical and social innovations that allow individuals to form groups and self-organize. Setting up a web ecosystem can then lay the groundwork for a digital culture promoting innovation. Thanks to a long empirical study carried out within the CIFRE agreements, our research work consists of reporting on the issues surrounding the implementation of a web ecosystem and proposing a model to define it.

O surgimento de novos serviços e aplicações baseados na Web tem provocado um aumento desenfreado na quantidade de usuários da World Wide Web que, por sua vez, se torna cada vez mais popular no mundo dos negócios. Sites de e-commerce, que demandam grande tráfego de requisições, têm adotado sistemas de servidores Web distribuídos, como a arquitetura Web Cluster. Isso se deve ao fato de enfrentarem frequentemente situações de sobrecarga, durante as quais podem deixar de atender requisições de transação (com grande probabilidade de gerar renda) por conta do aumento na demanda de requisições de navegação (geram renda apenas de forma indireta). A utilização ineficiente de recursos pode comprometer o desempenho do sistema e é nesse contexto que este trabalho se insere. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um modelo de Servidor Web para E-Commerce (SWE-C),validado por meio de um modelo de simulação e uma carga sintética gerada a partir de um modelo desenvolvido com os principais tipos de requisições que caracterizam um site de e-commerce. Foram realizadas simulações no sistema com diversas combinações de algoritmos de escalonamento e disciplinas de atendimentos para filas, dentre as quais de destaca uma nova disciplina que utiliza um mecanismo de prioridades orientado ao consumo de CPU proposto neste trabalho. O objetivo é aumentar o throughput de requisições de transação e melhorar os tempos de resposta em situações de sobrecarga. Uma avaliação de desempenho foi realizado e constatou-se que o mecanismo de prioridades proposto é adequado às necessidades de um site de e-commerce. / The appearance of new services and applications based on the web has causing a wild increase in the amount of users of the World Wide Web that becomes more popular in the business world. E-commerce sites that demand great request traffic has adopted a distributed web servers system, such as the Web Cluster. This occurs because this sites frequently are on overloaded situations, leaving to serve request transactions (with large probability of generate income) due to increasing demand of navigation requests (generates income only indirectly). The low resource utilization can compromise the system performance. This work is inserted in this context. In this master thesis has been developed a Web server model for E-Commerce (WSE-C). It is validated with a simulation model using a synthetic workload characterized with the main types of equest identified from e-commerce sites. Several simulations were accomplished in the system, combining the scheduling algorithms, the queue attendances disciplines and the use of a new priority mechanism oriented to the CPU utilization. The aim of this work is increase the request throughput and to obtain a better response time on overload situation. A performance evaluation was conducted and shown that priority mechanisms is adequate to a e-commerce site.

A Web apresenta um conteúdo extenso de informações disponibilizado a uma população diversificada de pessoas, as quais podem apresentar as mais diferentes habilidades e exigências. Dessa maneira, garantir a acessibilidade a todo usuário é uma tarefa difícil, mesmo existindo um conjunto extenso de recomendações disponibilizadas pelo World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Assim, são propostas diferentes ferramentas para avaliação de acessibilidade, que contrapõem os artefatos às diretrizes com a finalidade de obter resultados automatizados, produzindo testes e gerando vários dados, como a localização do problema no código e as falhas especificadas. Para facilitar o processamento desses dados, mediante a disponibilização de uma linguagem comum, o W3C desenvolveu a Evaluation and Report Language (EARL). Dados os problemas acerca das dificuldades em se garantir a acessibilidade para os diferentes perfis de usuários e a necessidade da interpretação dos relatórios em EARL, como colaboração para a avaliação manual, indispensável no contexto de testes de acessibilidade, neste trabalho é proposto um apoio por meio de um Ambiente para Análise de Avaliações de Acessibilidade e Usabilidade na Web (A4U). A partir do estudo de caso realizado, pôde-se validar o ambiente A4U desenvolvido, o qual inclui relatórios de avaliações semiautomáticas, para que o desenvolvedor possa interpretá-los e prosseguir com a avaliação manual de acessibilidade e usabilidade. No âmbito do apoio desenvolvido, foram considerados os avanços em acessibilidade, usabilidade, a correlação entre os dois conceitos e a colaboração no desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta denominada AccessibilityUtil1, a qual se destina ser uma fonte de práticas de acessibilidade advindas de experiências de desenvolvedores, mediante colaboração em um ambiente Web, relacionando-as com as diretrizes de acessibilidade do W3C. A presente pesquisa contribuiu para a consolidação das questões de acessibilidade e usabilidade, a partir do desenvolvimento do A4U, que viabiliza a avaliação humana de acessibilidade e usabilidade, e a inserção de resultados de avaliações gerados por ferramentas semiautomáticas, conduzindo o avaliador a produzir melhorias em ambas as frentes / The Web has a large content of information available to a diverse population of people which may have the more different abilities and requirements. Thus, ensure accessibility to all users is a difficult task, even having an extensive set of recommendations provided by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). So, are proposed different tools for accessibility assessment that contrast the artifacts with guidelines in order to obtain automated results, producing tests and generating various data, such as the location of the problem in the code and the specified faults. To facilitate the processing of such data by providing a common language, the W3C developed the Evaluation and Report Language (EARL). Given the issues about the difficulties of ensuring accessibility to the different profiles of users and the necessity of interpreting the EARL reports, as collaboration for indispensable human review in the context of accessibility testing, this paper proposes a support through an Environment for Analyzing results of Assessments of Accessibility and Usability on the Web (A4U). From the case study conducted, it was possible to validate the A4U environment developed, which includes semiautomatic evaluating results, so that the developer can interpret them and proceed with the manual evaluation of accessibility and usability. Developed in support were considered advancements in accessibility, usability, the correlation between the two concepts and collaboration in the development of a tool called AccessibilityUtil, which is intended to be a source of accessibility practices arising from experiences of developers through collaboration a Web environment relating them to the W3C accessibility guidelines. This research contributed to the consolidation of the issues of accessibility and usability, from the development of A4U, which enables the human evaluation of accessibility and usability, and integration of evaluation results generated by semi-automatic tools, leading the reviewer to produce improvements in both fronts

Estágio realizado na PT Inovação e orientado pelo Eng.º José Bonnet / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Informática e Computação. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2008

Tese de doutoramento. Gestão e Engenharia Industrial. 2005. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto