<p>NinetechGruppen AB is an IT service providing company with about 30 employees, primarily based in Karlstad, Sweden. The company began to have problems with their DNS administration because the number of administrated domains had grown too large. A single employee was responsible for all the administration, and text editors were used for modifying the DNS configuration files directly on the name servers. This was an error prone process which also easily led to inconsistencies between the documentation and the real world.</p><p>NinetechGruppen AB decided to solve the administrative problems by incorporating a DNS administration system, either by using an existing product or by developing a new sys-tem internally. This thesis describes the process of simplifying the DNS administration procedures of NinetechGruppen AB.</p><p>Initially, an investigation was conducted where existing DNS administration tools were sought for, and evaluated against the requirements the company had on the new system.</p><p>The system was going to have a web administration interface, which was to be developed in ASP.NET 2.0 with C# as programming language. The administration interface had to run on Windows, use SQL Server 2005 as backend database server, and base access control on Active Directory. Further, the system had to be able of integrating customer handling with the domain administration, and any changes to the system information had to follow the Informa-tion Technology Infrastructure Library change management process.</p><p>The name servers were running the popular name server software BIND and ran on two different Linux distributions – Red Hat Linux 9 and SUSE Linux 10.0.</p><p>The investigation concluded that no existing system satisfied the requirements; hence a new system was to be developed, streamlined for the use at NinetechGruppen AB. A requirement specification and a functional description was created and used as the basis for the development. The finalized system satisfies all necessary requirements to some extent, and most of them are fully satisfied.</p>

Web-based service providers have long been required to deliver high quality services in accordance with standards and customer requirements. Increasingly, however, providers are required to think beyond service quality and develop a deeper understanding of their customers’ Quality of Experience (QoE). Whilst models exist that assess the QoE of Web Application, significant challenges remain in defining QoE factors from a Web engineering perspective, as well as mapping between so called ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ factors of relevance. Specifically, the following challenges are considered as general fundamental problems for assessing QoE: (1) Quantifying the relationship between QoE factors; (2) predicting QoE as well as dealing with the limited data available in relation to subjective factors; (3) optimising and controlling QoE; and (4) perceiving QoE. In response, this research presents a novel model, called QoEWA (and associated software instantiation) that integrates factors through Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Key Quality Indicators (KQIs). The mapping is incorporated into a correlation model that assesses QoE, in particular, that of Web Application, with a consideration of defining the factors in terms of quality requirements derived from web architecture. The data resulting from the mapping is used as input for the proposed model to develop artefacts that: quantify, predict, optimise and perceive QoE. The development of QoEWA is framed and guided by Design Science Research (DSR) approach, with the purpose of enabling providers to make more informed decisions regarding QoE and/or to optimise resources accordingly. The evaluation of the designed artefacts is based on a build-and-evaluate cycle that provides feedback and a better understanding of the utilised solutions. The key artefacts are developed and evaluated through four iterations: Iteration 1 utilises the Actual Versus-Target approach to quantify QoE, and applies statistical analysis to evaluate the outputs. Iteration 2: utilises a Machine Learning (ML) approach to predict QoE, and applies statistical tests to compare the performance of ML algorithms. Iteration 3 utilises the Multi-Objective Optimisation (MOO) approach to optimise QoE and control the balance between resources and user experience. Iteration 4 utilises the Agent-Based Modelling approach to perceive and gain insights into QoE. The design of iteration 4 is rigorously tested using verified and validated models.

NinetechGruppen AB is an IT service providing company with about 30 employees, primarily based in Karlstad, Sweden. The company began to have problems with their DNS administration because the number of administrated domains had grown too large. A single employee was responsible for all the administration, and text editors were used for modifying the DNS configuration files directly on the name servers. This was an error prone process which also easily led to inconsistencies between the documentation and the real world. NinetechGruppen AB decided to solve the administrative problems by incorporating a DNS administration system, either by using an existing product or by developing a new sys-tem internally. This thesis describes the process of simplifying the DNS administration procedures of NinetechGruppen AB. Initially, an investigation was conducted where existing DNS administration tools were sought for, and evaluated against the requirements the company had on the new system. The system was going to have a web administration interface, which was to be developed in ASP.NET 2.0 with C# as programming language. The administration interface had to run on Windows, use SQL Server 2005 as backend database server, and base access control on Active Directory. Further, the system had to be able of integrating customer handling with the domain administration, and any changes to the system information had to follow the Informa-tion Technology Infrastructure Library change management process. The name servers were running the popular name server software BIND and ran on two different Linux distributions – Red Hat Linux 9 and SUSE Linux 10.0. The investigation concluded that no existing system satisfied the requirements; hence a new system was to be developed, streamlined for the use at NinetechGruppen AB. A requirement specification and a functional description was created and used as the basis for the development. The finalized system satisfies all necessary requirements to some extent, and most of them are fully satisfied.

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma nova proposta para edição de textos que fazem parte de um corpus eletrônico. Partindo do histórico de desenvolvimento do corpus Tycho Brahe e da ferramenta eDictor, propõe-se a análise de todo o processo de trabalho de criação de um corpus para obter uma forma de organização da informação mais concisa e sem redundâncias, através do uso de um único repositório de informações contendo os dados textuais e morfossintáticos do texto. Esta forma foi atingida através da criação de uma estrutura de dados baseada em unidades mínimas chamadas tokens e blocos de unidades chamados chunks. A relação entre os tokens e os chunks, da forma como considerada neste trabalho, é capaz de guardar a informação de como o texto é estruturado em sua visualização (página, parágrafos, sentenças) e na sua estrutura sintática em árvores. A base de análise é composta por todos os arquivos pertencentes ao catálogo de textos do corpus Tycho Brahe. Através desta análise, foi possível chegar a elementos genéricos que se relacionam, desconstruindo o texto e criando uma relação de pontos de início e fim relativos às palavras (tokens) e não seguindo sua forma linear. A introdução do conceito de orientação a objetos possibilitou a criação de uma relação entre unidades ainda menores que o token, os split tokens que também são tokens, pois herdam as características do elemento mais significativo, o token. O intuito neste trabalho foi buscar uma forma com o menor número possível de atributos buscando diminuir a necessidade de se criar atributos específicos demais ou genéricos de menos. Na busca deste equilíbrio, foi verificada a necessidade de se criar um atributo específico para o chunk sintático, um atributo de nível que indica a distância de um nó da árvore para o nó raiz. Organizada a informação, o acesso a ela se torna mais simples e parte-se para definição da interface do usuário. A tecnologia web disponível permite que elementos sejam posicionados na tela reproduzindo a visualização que ocorre no livro e também permite que haja uma independência entre um e outro elemento. Esta independência é o que permite que a informação trafegue entre o computador do usuário e a central de processamento na nuvem sem que o usuário perceba. O processamento ocorre em background, utilizando tecnologias assíncronas. A semelhança entre as tecnologias html e xml introduziu uma necessidade de adaptação da informação para apresentação ao usuário. A solução apresentada neste trabalho é pensada de forma a atribuir aos tokens informações que indiquem que eles fazem parte de um chunk. Assim, não seriam as palavras que pertencem a uma sentença, mas cada palavra que possuiria um pedaço de informação que a faz pertencente à sentença. Esta forma de se pensar muda a maneira como a informação é exibida. / In this work, we present a new proposal for text edition organized under an electronic corpus. Starting from Tycho Brahe corpus development history and the eDictor tool, we propose to analyze the whole work process of corpus creation in order to obtain a more concise and less redudant way of organizing information by using a single source repository for textual and morphosyntactic data. This single source repository was achieved by the creation of a data structure based on minimal significative units called tokens and grouping units named chunks. The relationship between tokens and chunks, in the way considered on this work, allows storage of information about how the text is organized visually (pages, paragraphs, sentences) and on how they are organized syntactically as represented by syntactic trees. All files referred to the Tycho Brahe corpus catalog were used as base for analysis. That way, it was possible to achieve generic elements that relate to each other in a manner that the text is deconstructed by using relative pointers to each token in the text instead of following the usual linear form. The introduction of oriented-object conception made the creation of relationship among even smaller units possible, they are the split tokens, but split tokens are also tokens, as they inherit characteristics from the most significative element (the token). The aim here was being attributeless avoiding the necessity of too specific or too vague attributes. Looking for that balance, it was verified the necessity of creating a level attribute for syntactic data that indicates the distance of a tree node to its root node. After information is organized, access to it become simpler and then focus is turned to user-interface definition. Available web technology allows the use of elements that may be positioned on the screen reproducing the way the text is viewed within a book and it also allows each element to be indepedent of each other. This independence is what allows information to travel between user computer and central processing unit at the cloud without user perception. Processing occurs in background using asynchronous technology. Resemblance between html and xml introduced a necessity of adaption to present the information to the user. The adopted solution in this work realizes that tokens must contain the information about the chunk to which they belong. So this is not a point of view where words belong to sentences, but that each word have a piece of information that make them belong to the sentence. This subtile change of behavioring changes the way information is displayed.

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma nova proposta para edição de textos que fazem parte de um corpus eletrônico. Partindo do histórico de desenvolvimento do corpus Tycho Brahe e da ferramenta eDictor, propõe-se a análise de todo o processo de trabalho de criação de um corpus para obter uma forma de organização da informação mais concisa e sem redundâncias, através do uso de um único repositório de informações contendo os dados textuais e morfossintáticos do texto. Esta forma foi atingida através da criação de uma estrutura de dados baseada em unidades mínimas chamadas tokens e blocos de unidades chamados chunks. A relação entre os tokens e os chunks, da forma como considerada neste trabalho, é capaz de guardar a informação de como o texto é estruturado em sua visualização (página, parágrafos, sentenças) e na sua estrutura sintática em árvores. A base de análise é composta por todos os arquivos pertencentes ao catálogo de textos do corpus Tycho Brahe. Através desta análise, foi possível chegar a elementos genéricos que se relacionam, desconstruindo o texto e criando uma relação de pontos de início e fim relativos às palavras (tokens) e não seguindo sua forma linear. A introdução do conceito de orientação a objetos possibilitou a criação de uma relação entre unidades ainda menores que o token, os split tokens que também são tokens, pois herdam as características do elemento mais significativo, o token. O intuito neste trabalho foi buscar uma forma com o menor número possível de atributos buscando diminuir a necessidade de se criar atributos específicos demais ou genéricos de menos. Na busca deste equilíbrio, foi verificada a necessidade de se criar um atributo específico para o chunk sintático, um atributo de nível que indica a distância de um nó da árvore para o nó raiz. Organizada a informação, o acesso a ela se torna mais simples e parte-se para definição da interface do usuário. A tecnologia web disponível permite que elementos sejam posicionados na tela reproduzindo a visualização que ocorre no livro e também permite que haja uma independência entre um e outro elemento. Esta independência é o que permite que a informação trafegue entre o computador do usuário e a central de processamento na nuvem sem que o usuário perceba. O processamento ocorre em background, utilizando tecnologias assíncronas. A semelhança entre as tecnologias html e xml introduziu uma necessidade de adaptação da informação para apresentação ao usuário. A solução apresentada neste trabalho é pensada de forma a atribuir aos tokens informações que indiquem que eles fazem parte de um chunk. Assim, não seriam as palavras que pertencem a uma sentença, mas cada palavra que possuiria um pedaço de informação que a faz pertencente à sentença. Esta forma de se pensar muda a maneira como a informação é exibida. / In this work, we present a new proposal for text edition organized under an electronic corpus. Starting from Tycho Brahe corpus development history and the eDictor tool, we propose to analyze the whole work process of corpus creation in order to obtain a more concise and less redudant way of organizing information by using a single source repository for textual and morphosyntactic data. This single source repository was achieved by the creation of a data structure based on minimal significative units called tokens and grouping units named chunks. The relationship between tokens and chunks, in the way considered on this work, allows storage of information about how the text is organized visually (pages, paragraphs, sentences) and on how they are organized syntactically as represented by syntactic trees. All files referred to the Tycho Brahe corpus catalog were used as base for analysis. That way, it was possible to achieve generic elements that relate to each other in a manner that the text is deconstructed by using relative pointers to each token in the text instead of following the usual linear form. The introduction of oriented-object conception made the creation of relationship among even smaller units possible, they are the split tokens, but split tokens are also tokens, as they inherit characteristics from the most significative element (the token). The aim here was being attributeless avoiding the necessity of too specific or too vague attributes. Looking for that balance, it was verified the necessity of creating a level attribute for syntactic data that indicates the distance of a tree node to its root node. After information is organized, access to it become simpler and then focus is turned to user-interface definition. Available web technology allows the use of elements that may be positioned on the screen reproducing the way the text is viewed within a book and it also allows each element to be indepedent of each other. This independence is what allows information to travel between user computer and central processing unit at the cloud without user perception. Processing occurs in background using asynchronous technology. Resemblance between html and xml introduced a necessity of adaption to present the information to the user. The adopted solution in this work realizes that tokens must contain the information about the chunk to which they belong. So this is not a point of view where words belong to sentences, but that each word have a piece of information that make them belong to the sentence. This subtile change of behavioring changes the way information is displayed.

Les bibliothèques numériques sont des systèmes d'information complexes stockant des ressources numériques (par exemple, texte, images, sons, audio), ainsi que des informations sur les ressources numériques ou non-numériques; ces informations sont appelées des métadonnées. Nous proposons un modèle de données pour les bibliothèques numériques permettant l'identification des ressources, l’utilisation de métadonnées et la réutilisation des ressources stockées, ainsi qu’un langage de requêtes pour l’interrogation de ressources. Le modèle que nous proposons est inspiré par l'architecture du Web, qui forme une base solide et universellement acceptée pour les notions et les services attendus d'une bibliothèque numérique. Nous formalisons notre modèle comme une théorie du premier ordre, afin d’exprimer les concepts de bases de la bibliothèque numérique, sans aucune contrainte technique. Les axiomes de la théorie donnent la sémantique formelle des notions du modèle, et en même temps fournissent une définition de la connaissance qui est implicite dans une bibliothèque numérique. La théorie est traduite en un programme Datalog qui, étant donnée une bibliothèque numérique, permet de la compléter efficacement avec les connaissances implicites. Le but de notre travail est de contribuer à la technologie de gestion des informations des bibliothèques numériques. De cette façon, nous pouvons montrer la faisabilité théorique de notre modèle, en montrant qu'il peut être efficacement appliqué. En outre, nous démontrons la faisabilité pratique du modèle en fournissant une traduction complète du modèle en RDF et du langage de requêtes en SPARQL.Nous fournissons un calcul sain et complet pour raisonner sur les graphes RDF résultant de la traduction. Selon ce calcul, nous prouvons la correction de ces deux traductions, montrant que les fonctions de traduction préservent la sémantique de la bibliothèque numérique et de son langage de requêtes. / Digital Libraries are complex information systems, storing digital resources (e.g., text, images, sound, audio), as well as knowledge about digital or non-digital resources; this knowledge is referred to as metadata. We propose a data model for digital libraries supporting resource identification, use of metadata and re-use of stored resources, as well as a query language supporting discovery of resources. The model that we propose is inspired by the architecture of the Web, which forms a solid, universally accepted basis for the notions and services expected from a digital library. We formalize our model as a first-order theory, in order to be able to express the basic concepts of digital libraries without being constrained by any technical considerations. The axioms of the theory give the formal semantics of the notions of the model, and at the same time, provide a definition of the knowledge that is implicit in a digital library. The theory is then translated into a Datalog program that, given a digital library, allows to efficiently complete the digital library with the knowledge implicit in it. The goal of our research is to contribute to the information management technology of digital libraries. In this way, we are able to demonstrate the theoretical feasibility of our digital library model, by showing that it can be efficiently implemented. Moreover, we demonstrate our model’s practical feasibility by providing a full translation of the model into RDF and of the query language into SPARQL. We provide a sound and complete calculus for reasoning on the RDF graphs resulting from translation. Based on this calculus, we prove the correctness of both translations, showing that the translation functions preserve the semantics of the digital library and of the query language.

Frente à expansão dos ambientes digitais que seguem os princípios da web 2.0, percebe-se uma crescente abertura na participação dos usuários, vista a partir dos canais de interação social, produção e gestão compartilhada dos conteúdos digitais. A proposta dessa pesquisa é pensar como esse cenário de participação está moldando e fortalecendo uma estrutura social a web social capaz de atuar ativamente não só na produção dos conteúdos digitais, mas também na forma de apresentação desses conteúdos. Pautada nu-ma reflexão teórica e num levantamento empírico, essa pesquisa procura trazer luzes à re-lação que se estabelece entre as práticas de projeto e as práticas de uso na web, a partir da observação da emergência de uma nova estrutura de produção a criação colaborativa baseada na ação complementar entre designer e usuário para a definição da dimensão vi-sual dos ambientes digitais. / Ahead of the digital environments expansion which follows the principles of the web 2.0, one can notice a growing opening on the users participation that can be seen from the social interaction channels, production and shared management of the digital content. The proposal of this research is to reflect on how this scenario of participation is forging and strengthening a social structure the social web capable of actively acting not only in the production of digital content, but also in the form of this content presentation. Lined on a theoretical reflection and on an empiric survey, this research intends to bring lights to the relation that is established between practices of design and practices of use, from the obser-vation of an new emerging production structure the collaborative creation based on the additional action between the designer and the user to the definition of the digital environ-ments visual dimension.

Frente à expansão dos ambientes digitais que seguem os princípios da web 2.0, percebe-se uma crescente abertura na participação dos usuários, vista a partir dos canais de interação social, produção e gestão compartilhada dos conteúdos digitais. A proposta dessa pesquisa é pensar como esse cenário de participação está moldando e fortalecendo uma estrutura social a web social capaz de atuar ativamente não só na produção dos conteúdos digitais, mas também na forma de apresentação desses conteúdos. Pautada nu-ma reflexão teórica e num levantamento empírico, essa pesquisa procura trazer luzes à re-lação que se estabelece entre as práticas de projeto e as práticas de uso na web, a partir da observação da emergência de uma nova estrutura de produção a criação colaborativa baseada na ação complementar entre designer e usuário para a definição da dimensão vi-sual dos ambientes digitais. / Ahead of the digital environments expansion which follows the principles of the web 2.0, one can notice a growing opening on the users participation that can be seen from the social interaction channels, production and shared management of the digital content. The proposal of this research is to reflect on how this scenario of participation is forging and strengthening a social structure the social web capable of actively acting not only in the production of digital content, but also in the form of this content presentation. Lined on a theoretical reflection and on an empiric survey, this research intends to bring lights to the relation that is established between practices of design and practices of use, from the obser-vation of an new emerging production structure the collaborative creation based on the additional action between the designer and the user to the definition of the digital environ-ments visual dimension.

Dans le cadre de trois projets européens, notre équipe a mis au point un modèle de données et un langage de requête pour bibliothèques numériques supportant l'identification, la structuration, les métadonnées, la réutilisation, et la découverte des ressources numériques. Le modèle proposé est inspiré par le Web et il est formalisé comme une théorie du premier ordre, dont certains modèles correspondent à la notion de bibliothèque numérique. En outre, une traduction complète du modèle en RDF et du langage de requêtes en SPARQL a également été proposée pour démontrer son adéquation à des applications pratiques. Le choix de RDF est dû au fait qu’il est un langage de représentation généralement accepté dans le cadre des bibliothèques numériques et du Web sémantique. L’objectif de cette thèse était double: concevoir et mettre en œuvre une forme simplifiée de système de gestion de bibliothèques numériques, d’une part, et contribuer à l’enrichissement du modèle, d’autre part. Pour atteindre cet objectif nous avons développé un prototype d’un système de bibliothèque numérique utilisant un stockage RDF pour faciliter la gestion interne des métadonnées. Le prototype permet aux utilisateurs de gérer et d’interroger les métadonnées des ressources numériques ou non-numériques dans le système en utilisant des URIs pour identifier les ressources, un ensemble de prédicats pour la description de ressources, et des requêtes conjonctives simples pour la découverte de connaissances dans le système. Le prototype est mis en œuvre en utilisant les technologies Java et l’environnement de Google Web Toolkit dont l'architecture du système se compose d'une couche de stockage, d’une couche de métier logique, d’une couche de service, et d’une interface utilisateur. Pendant la thèse, le prototype a été construit, testé et débogué localement, puis déployé sur Google App Engine. Dans l’avenir, il peut être étendu pour devenir un système complet de gestion de bibliothèques numériques. Par ailleurs, la thèse présente également notre contribution à la génération de contenu par réutilisation de ressources. Il s’agit d’un travail théorique dont le but est d’enrichir le modèle en lui ajoutant un service important, à savoir la possibilité de création de nouvelles ressources à partir de celles stockées dans le système. L’incorporation de ce service dans le système sera effectuée ultérieurement. / In the context of three European projects, our research team has developed a data model and query language for digital libraries supporting identification, structuring, metadata, and discovery and reuse of digital resources. The model is inspired by the Web and it is formalized as a first-order theory, certain models of which correspond to the notion of digital library. In addition, a full translation of the model to RDF and of the query language to SPARQL has been proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of the model and its suitability for practical applications. The choice of RDF is due to the fact that it is a generally accepted representation language in the context of digital libraries and the Semantic Web. One of the major aims of the thesis was to design and actually implement a simplified form of a digital library management system based on the theoretical model. To obtain this, we have developed a prototype based on RDF and SPARQL, which uses a RDF store to facilitate internal management of metadata. The prototype allows users to manage and query metadata of digital or non-digital resources in the system, using URIs as resource identifiers, a set of predicates to model descriptions of resources, and simple conjunctive queries to discover knowledge in the system. The prototype is implemented by using Java technologies and the Google Web Toolkit framework whose system architecture consists of a storage layer, a business logic layer, a service layer and a user interface. During the thesis work, the prototype was built, tested, and debugged locally and then deployed on Google App Engine. In the future, it will be expanded to become a full fledged digital library management system. Moreover, the thesis also presents our contribution to content generation by reuse. This is mostly theoretical work whose purpose is to enrich the model and query language by providing an important community service. The incorporation of this service in the implemented system is left to future work.

Online social networking has become one of the most popular services on the Web. Especially Facebook with its 845Mio+ monthly active users and 100Mrd+ friendship relations creates a Web inside the Web. Drawing on the metaphor of islands, Facebook is becoming more like a continent. However, users are locked up on this continent with hardly any opportunity to communicate easily with users on other islands and continents or even to relocate trans-continentally. In addition to that, privacy, data ownership and freedom of communication issues are problematically in centralized environments. The idea of distributed social networking enables users to overcome the drawbacks of centralized social networks. The goal of this thesis is to provide an architecture for distributed social networking based on semantic technologies. This architecture consists of semantic artifacts, protocols and services which enable social network applications to work in a distributed environment and with semantic interoperability. Furthermore, this thesis presents applications for distributed semantic social networking and discusses user interfaces, architecture and communication strategies for this application category. / Soziale Netzwerke gehören zu den beliebtesten Online Diensten im World Wide Web. Insbesondere Facebook mit seinen mehr als 845 Mio. aktiven Nutzern im Monat und mehr als 100 Mrd. Nutzer- Beziehungen erzeugt ein eigenständiges Web im Web. Den Nutzern dieser Sozialen Netzwerke ist es jedoch schwer möglich mit Nutzern in anderen Sozialen Netzwerken zu kommunizieren oder aber mit ihren Daten in ein anderes Netzwerk zu ziehen. Zusätzlich dazu werden u.a. Privatsphäre, Eigentumsrechte an den eigenen Daten und uneingeschränkte Freiheit in der Kommunikation als problematisch empfunden. Die Idee verteilter Soziale Netzwerke ermöglicht es, diese Probleme zentralisierter Sozialer Netzwerke zu überwinden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Darstellung einer Architektur verteilter Soziale Netzwerke welche auf semantischen Technologien basiert. Diese Architektur besteht aus semantischen Artefakten, Protokollen und Diensten und ermöglicht die Kommunikation von Sozialen Anwendungen in einer verteilten Infrastruktur. Darüber hinaus präsentiert diese Arbeit mehrere Applikationen für verteilte semantische Soziale Netzwerke und diskutiert deren Nutzer-Schnittstellen, Architektur und Kommunikationsstrategien.