Cloud computing refers to the combination of large scale hardware resources at datacenters integrated by system software that provides services, commonly known as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), over the Internet. As a result of more affordable datacenters, cloud computing is slowly making its way into the mainstream business arena and has the potential to revolutionize the IT industry. As more cloud computing solutions become available, it is expected that there will be a shift to what is sometimes referred to as the Web Operating System. The Web Operating System, along with the sense of infinite computing resources on the “cloud” has the potential to bring new challenges in software engineering. The motivation of this report, which is divided into two parts, is to understand these challenges. The first part gives a brief introduction and analysis of cloud computing. The second part focuses on Google’s cloud computing platform and evaluates the implementation of a micro blogging site using Google’s App Engine. / text

Det finns flera anledningar till att minimera datamängden som överförs då en webbplats besöks. Ökad responsivitet och avlastning vid svåra förhållanden är två av dem. I denna rapport utforskas huruvida en webbapplikation, skriven i GWT och som använder sig av AJAX kan minska datakonsumtionen jämfört med en traditionell webbsite. Detta undersöks genom att två identiska webbplatser med avseende på innehåll och struktur skapas men som skiljer sig i hur webbsidorna byggs upp. En webbsite sammanställs i webbservern och skickar webbsidor till webbläsaren, en GWT-applikation skapar webbsidorna m.h.a. bland annat AJAX i webbläsaren. Webbplatsernas datakonsumtion har undersöks och analyseras och det visar sig att GWT-applikationen konsumerar betydligt mindre data efter den initiala nerladdningen av webbsidorna. Förslag på framtida arbete skulle kunna vara att implementera pushteknik i Google Web Toolkit för att ytterligare möjliggöra ett sätt att minska datakonsumtion.

<p>The aim of this thesis is the research in modern web development tools to demonstrate in which ways can this raised technologies help to make a real application more user friendly, easy to maintain and extend, and more reliable.</p><p>Some new approaches to Web applications will be presented in comparison with the traditional way, and a real application will be redesigned for including the lasts advances in Web technologies.</p> / Analysis and improvement of a publication System

Detta examensarbete har utförts i samarbete med företaget Systemagic AB. Systemagic är ett teknikföretag vars expertis ligger inom mjukvaruutveckling inom IPTV-teknologi. Detta innefattar bland annat utveckling av middleware till digitalboxar, också kallade Set-top-boxar. Middleware är den mjuk- och hårdvaruinfrastruktur som sammankopplar de olika delarna av ett IPTV-system. Det är ett distribuerat operativt system som både finns på operatörens servrar samt i slutanvändarens digitalbox. Då det idag ställs allt högre krav på funktionalitet och dynamik från beställare blir utvecklingen av ett modernt middleware mycket resurskrävande. Systemagic anser att en stor bidragande orsak till den resurskrävande utvecklingsprocessen kan kopplas till användningen av scriptspråket JavaScript och är därför intresserade av alternativa metoder. Google Web Toolkit (GWT) är ett Java-ramverk som kan användas för att på ett snabbt och smidigt sätt utveckla interaktiva webbapplikationer. Detta möjliggörs genom att all utveckling sker i Java. Slutprodukten efter kompilering är standard-kompatibel HTML och JavaScript, helt oberoende av Java. Detta examensarbete har gått ut på att undersöka möjligheten att använda Java och GWT för att underlätta och potentiellt snabba upp utvecklingen av ett middleware. Målet var att undersöka om GWT kan användas rakt av för att ta fram den del av ett middleware som återfinns i slutanvändarens box, en så kallad portal, eller om ramverket måste anpassas för att de mest grundläggande funktionerna hos en box ska kunna implementeras. Rapporten beskriver frågeställningar, tillvägagångssätt, problem och  svårigheter som uppstod, de lösningar som använts samt en analys och diskussion av resultatet.

Web programming is getting more and more important every day and as a consequence, many new tools are created in order to help developers design and construct applications quicker, easier and better structured. Apart from different IDEs and Technologies, nowadays Web Frameworks are gaining popularity amongst users since they offer a large range of methods, classes, etc. that allow programmers to create and maintain solid Web systems.This research focuses on two different Web Frameworks: Ruby on Rails and Google Web Toolkit and within this document we will examine some of the most important differences between them during a Web development.

This diploma thesis deals with development of web applications using Google web Toolkit. GWT is modern set of open source tools that allows developers to create Rich Internet Applications completely in Java without any deep knowledge of JavaScript. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on architecture of Google Web Toolkit, basic approaches and some advanced topics as MVP architecture, client-server communication or persistence layer. The practical part consists of set of examples which demonstrates approaches described in theoretical part.

Dans le cadre de trois projets européens, notre équipe a mis au point un modèle de données et un langage de requête pour bibliothèques numériques supportant l'identification, la structuration, les métadonnées, la réutilisation, et la découverte des ressources numériques. Le modèle proposé est inspiré par le Web et il est formalisé comme une théorie du premier ordre, dont certains modèles correspondent à la notion de bibliothèque numérique. En outre, une traduction complète du modèle en RDF et du langage de requêtes en SPARQL a également été proposée pour démontrer son adéquation à des applications pratiques. Le choix de RDF est dû au fait qu’il est un langage de représentation généralement accepté dans le cadre des bibliothèques numériques et du Web sémantique. L’objectif de cette thèse était double: concevoir et mettre en œuvre une forme simplifiée de système de gestion de bibliothèques numériques, d’une part, et contribuer à l’enrichissement du modèle, d’autre part. Pour atteindre cet objectif nous avons développé un prototype d’un système de bibliothèque numérique utilisant un stockage RDF pour faciliter la gestion interne des métadonnées. Le prototype permet aux utilisateurs de gérer et d’interroger les métadonnées des ressources numériques ou non-numériques dans le système en utilisant des URIs pour identifier les ressources, un ensemble de prédicats pour la description de ressources, et des requêtes conjonctives simples pour la découverte de connaissances dans le système. Le prototype est mis en œuvre en utilisant les technologies Java et l’environnement de Google Web Toolkit dont l'architecture du système se compose d'une couche de stockage, d’une couche de métier logique, d’une couche de service, et d’une interface utilisateur. Pendant la thèse, le prototype a été construit, testé et débogué localement, puis déployé sur Google App Engine. Dans l’avenir, il peut être étendu pour devenir un système complet de gestion de bibliothèques numériques. Par ailleurs, la thèse présente également notre contribution à la génération de contenu par réutilisation de ressources. Il s’agit d’un travail théorique dont le but est d’enrichir le modèle en lui ajoutant un service important, à savoir la possibilité de création de nouvelles ressources à partir de celles stockées dans le système. L’incorporation de ce service dans le système sera effectuée ultérieurement. / In the context of three European projects, our research team has developed a data model and query language for digital libraries supporting identification, structuring, metadata, and discovery and reuse of digital resources. The model is inspired by the Web and it is formalized as a first-order theory, certain models of which correspond to the notion of digital library. In addition, a full translation of the model to RDF and of the query language to SPARQL has been proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of the model and its suitability for practical applications. The choice of RDF is due to the fact that it is a generally accepted representation language in the context of digital libraries and the Semantic Web. One of the major aims of the thesis was to design and actually implement a simplified form of a digital library management system based on the theoretical model. To obtain this, we have developed a prototype based on RDF and SPARQL, which uses a RDF store to facilitate internal management of metadata. The prototype allows users to manage and query metadata of digital or non-digital resources in the system, using URIs as resource identifiers, a set of predicates to model descriptions of resources, and simple conjunctive queries to discover knowledge in the system. The prototype is implemented by using Java technologies and the Google Web Toolkit framework whose system architecture consists of a storage layer, a business logic layer, a service layer and a user interface. During the thesis work, the prototype was built, tested, and debugged locally and then deployed on Google App Engine. In the future, it will be expanded to become a full fledged digital library management system. Moreover, the thesis also presents our contribution to content generation by reuse. This is mostly theoretical work whose purpose is to enrich the model and query language by providing an important community service. The incorporation of this service in the implemented system is left to future work.

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The traditional definition of a dynamic web application is about a collection of programs executed at server-side to provide content for clients. These types of web applications produce content at server-side and deliver it to their clients via multiple pages. In result, the client-side has the responsibility to render the content and perform a limited amount of calculations to increase the performance and user experience.    Meteor is a web framework designed for developing Single Page Applications and compared with traditional web frameworks, it takes a new approach in which most of the computations are done at the client-side. This leads to having the server-side primarily used for data storage and secondarily performing a limited amount of computations based on the Model View View-Model pattern.    This thesis tries to examine how web development is affected by Meteor framework from different angles by performing an experimental analysis on Meteor framework. It will investigate different attributes of Meteor framework used for developing a real-world application and finally concludes by presenting the advantages and disadvantages of using it.

The aim of this thesis is the research in modern web development tools to demonstrate in which ways can this raised technologies help to make a real application more user friendly, easy to maintain and extend, and more reliable. Some new approaches to Web applications will be presented in comparison with the traditional way, and a real application will be redesigned for including the lasts advances in Web technologies. / Analysis and improvement of a publication System