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A Web apresenta um conteúdo extenso de informações disponibilizado a uma população diversificada de pessoas, as quais podem apresentar as mais diferentes habilidades e exigências. Dessa maneira, garantir a acessibilidade a todo usuário é uma tarefa difícil, mesmo existindo um conjunto extenso de recomendações disponibilizadas pelo World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Assim, são propostas diferentes ferramentas para avaliação de acessibilidade, que contrapõem os artefatos às diretrizes com a finalidade de obter resultados automatizados, produzindo testes e gerando vários dados, como a localização do problema no código e as falhas especificadas. Para facilitar o processamento desses dados, mediante a disponibilização de uma linguagem comum, o W3C desenvolveu a Evaluation and Report Language (EARL). Dados os problemas acerca das dificuldades em se garantir a acessibilidade para os diferentes perfis de usuários e a necessidade da interpretação dos relatórios em EARL, como colaboração para a avaliação manual, indispensável no contexto de testes de acessibilidade, neste trabalho é proposto um apoio por meio de um Ambiente para Análise de Avaliações de Acessibilidade e Usabilidade na Web (A4U). A partir do estudo de caso realizado, pôde-se validar o ambiente A4U desenvolvido, o qual inclui relatórios de avaliações semiautomáticas, para que o desenvolvedor possa interpretá-los e prosseguir com a avaliação manual de acessibilidade e usabilidade. No âmbito do apoio desenvolvido, foram considerados os avanços em acessibilidade, usabilidade, a correlação entre os dois conceitos e a colaboração no desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta denominada AccessibilityUtil1, a qual se destina ser uma fonte de práticas de acessibilidade advindas de experiências de desenvolvedores, mediante colaboração em um ambiente Web, relacionando-as com as diretrizes de acessibilidade do W3C. A presente pesquisa contribuiu para a consolidação das questões de acessibilidade e usabilidade, a partir do desenvolvimento do A4U, que viabiliza a avaliação humana de acessibilidade e usabilidade, e a inserção de resultados de avaliações gerados por ferramentas semiautomáticas, conduzindo o avaliador a produzir melhorias em ambas as frentes / The Web has a large content of information available to a diverse population of people which may have the more different abilities and requirements. Thus, ensure accessibility to all users is a difficult task, even having an extensive set of recommendations provided by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). So, are proposed different tools for accessibility assessment that contrast the artifacts with guidelines in order to obtain automated results, producing tests and generating various data, such as the location of the problem in the code and the specified faults. To facilitate the processing of such data by providing a common language, the W3C developed the Evaluation and Report Language (EARL). Given the issues about the difficulties of ensuring accessibility to the different profiles of users and the necessity of interpreting the EARL reports, as collaboration for indispensable human review in the context of accessibility testing, this paper proposes a support through an Environment for Analyzing results of Assessments of Accessibility and Usability on the Web (A4U). From the case study conducted, it was possible to validate the A4U environment developed, which includes semiautomatic evaluating results, so that the developer can interpret them and proceed with the manual evaluation of accessibility and usability. Developed in support were considered advancements in accessibility, usability, the correlation between the two concepts and collaboration in the development of a tool called AccessibilityUtil, which is intended to be a source of accessibility practices arising from experiences of developers through collaboration a Web environment relating them to the W3C accessibility guidelines. This research contributed to the consolidation of the issues of accessibility and usability, from the development of A4U, which enables the human evaluation of accessibility and usability, and integration of evaluation results generated by semi-automatic tools, leading the reviewer to produce improvements in both fronts

The Internet is gradually expanding to many new devices, in addition to its original native environment that was the Personal Computer. This wave started with mobile devices and as we enter the Internet of Things era, connectivity is possible from cars to light switches. One of the first devices, to follow mobiles, is the Television. Connectivity and two-way interaction on the TV device has in fact started even in the first days of the medium, but had failed to make it widely available, due to technological limitations of the past. Now, this has changed, with the Smart TV devices that can utilize the fast internet connections that are available in most developed countries. However, even though the technology and devices are now widely available there are still challenges in order to make the vast Internet and web content available in the Smart TVs. These challenges, have a familiar resemblance to what happened a few years ago, when internet connectivity was introduced on the mobile phone. Although, it was "feasible" to access any webpage from your mobile device, the experience for the user was often very frustrating, due to many factors, that derived from the fact that the web was designed for large screens and mice of the desktop computers, not the small touch screens and limited hardware of the phone. Nonetheless, these obstacles were successfully overcome, by introducing techniques and methodologies (e.g. Responsive Web Design) to make the web more mobile-friendly and also work from the manufacturers to improve their devices to this direction as well. The success of these actions is now evident, since the access to the web from mobile devices has surpassed the PC, and it is now a standard practice for every new website to be mobile-friendly. In this research work, we will attempt to do one very significant step towards this direction for the Smart TV. In other words, to discover what has to be done to make the web more TV-friendly. To do this, we explore many different TV devices from several manufacturers and see their similarities and differences. We explore numerous user studies and surveys to discover what is the problem in the Web experience on the TV, so that we can propose solutions to make web content TV-friendly. Based on these findings, we design prototypes and put them to the test on different devices and userevaluation. Finally, we propose a set of guidelines, that web designers can apply on their websites to make them TV-friendly, in the hope to introduce the first step towards a friendlier internet era for the TV.

A Web apresenta um conteúdo extenso de informações disponibilizado a uma população diversificada de pessoas, as quais podem apresentar as mais diferentes habilidades e exigências. Dessa maneira, garantir a acessibilidade a todo usuário é uma tarefa difícil, mesmo existindo um conjunto extenso de recomendações disponibilizadas pelo World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Assim, são propostas diferentes ferramentas para avaliação de acessibilidade, que contrapõem os artefatos às diretrizes com a finalidade de obter resultados automatizados, produzindo testes e gerando vários dados, como a localização do problema no código e as falhas especificadas. Para facilitar o processamento desses dados, mediante a disponibilização de uma linguagem comum, o W3C desenvolveu a Evaluation and Report Language (EARL). Dados os problemas acerca das dificuldades em se garantir a acessibilidade para os diferentes perfis de usuários e a necessidade da interpretação dos relatórios em EARL, como colaboração para a avaliação manual, indispensável no contexto de testes de acessibilidade, neste trabalho é proposto um apoio por meio de um Ambiente para Análise de Avaliações de Acessibilidade e Usabilidade na Web (A4U). A partir do estudo de caso realizado, pôde-se validar o ambiente A4U desenvolvido, o qual inclui relatórios de avaliações semiautomáticas, para que o desenvolvedor possa interpretá-los e prosseguir com a avaliação manual de acessibilidade e usabilidade. No âmbito do apoio desenvolvido, foram considerados os avanços em acessibilidade, usabilidade, a correlação entre os dois conceitos e a colaboração no desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta denominada AccessibilityUtil1, a qual se destina ser uma fonte de práticas de acessibilidade advindas de experiências de desenvolvedores, mediante colaboração em um ambiente Web, relacionando-as com as diretrizes de acessibilidade do W3C. A presente pesquisa contribuiu para a consolidação das questões de acessibilidade e usabilidade, a partir do desenvolvimento do A4U, que viabiliza a avaliação humana de acessibilidade e usabilidade, e a inserção de resultados de avaliações gerados por ferramentas semiautomáticas, conduzindo o avaliador a produzir melhorias em ambas as frentes / The Web has a large content of information available to a diverse population of people which may have the more different abilities and requirements. Thus, ensure accessibility to all users is a difficult task, even having an extensive set of recommendations provided by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). So, are proposed different tools for accessibility assessment that contrast the artifacts with guidelines in order to obtain automated results, producing tests and generating various data, such as the location of the problem in the code and the specified faults. To facilitate the processing of such data by providing a common language, the W3C developed the Evaluation and Report Language (EARL). Given the issues about the difficulties of ensuring accessibility to the different profiles of users and the necessity of interpreting the EARL reports, as collaboration for indispensable human review in the context of accessibility testing, this paper proposes a support through an Environment for Analyzing results of Assessments of Accessibility and Usability on the Web (A4U). From the case study conducted, it was possible to validate the A4U environment developed, which includes semiautomatic evaluating results, so that the developer can interpret them and proceed with the manual evaluation of accessibility and usability. Developed in support were considered advancements in accessibility, usability, the correlation between the two concepts and collaboration in the development of a tool called AccessibilityUtil, which is intended to be a source of accessibility practices arising from experiences of developers through collaboration a Web environment relating them to the W3C accessibility guidelines. This research contributed to the consolidation of the issues of accessibility and usability, from the development of A4U, which enables the human evaluation of accessibility and usability, and integration of evaluation results generated by semi-automatic tools, leading the reviewer to produce improvements in both fronts

Various methods exist for performing usability evaluations, but there is no systematic framework for guiding and structuring assessment and reporting activities (Andre et al., 2000). Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a theoretical foundation called the User Action Framework (UAF), which is an adaptation and extension of Norman's action model (1986). The main objective of developing the User Action Framework was to provide usability practitioners with a reliable and structured tool set for usability engineering support activities like classifying and reporting usability problems. In practice, the tool set has a web-based interface, with the User Action Framework serving as an underlying foundation. To be an effective classification and reporting tool, the UAF should be usable and reliable. This work addressed two important research activities to help determine the usability and reliability of the User Action Framework. First, we conducted a formative evaluation of the UAF Explorer, a component of the UAF, and its content. This led a re-design effort to fix these problems and to provide an interface that resulted in a more efficient and satisfying user experience. Another purpose of this research was to conduct a reliability study to determine if the User Action Framework showed significantly better than chance agreement when usability practitioners classified a given set of usability problem descriptions according to the structure of the UAF. The User Action Framework showed higher agreement scores compared to previous work using the tool. / Master of Science

The objective of this thesis project focuses on designing and implementing a game portal for web-based motion games whilst achieving high usability. Many systems lack the creativ- ity to design web-usability with all the technical requirements and this study addresses this problem by implementing a front-end system that uses agile methodology with competitive analysis and consumes the back-end system with RESTful architecture by using AngularJS web application framework. Users were involved in the implementation process repetitively and the usability test was done with think aloud protocol and System Usability Scale which involves a questionnaire on paper. It was concluded that a clear and interactive navigation bar made it very useful for users to hover through the website. Having the notifications fixed on the upper right side of the navigation bar made them easily perceived by the users and including all user-related functions under username helped the user reach them easily. It was also concluded that modal view prevented page reloading by gathering users, attention at one point. Adding visual feedback functions such as highlighting the hovered or clicked link were appreciated by the users.

Web usability and User Experience (UX) play a vital role in the success and failure of web applications. However, the usability and UX measurement during the software development life cycle provide many challenges. Based on a systematic literature review, this thesis discusses the current usability and user experience evaluation and measurement methods and the defined measures as well as their applicability during the software development life cycle. The challenges of using those methods also identified. In order to elaborate more on the challenges, we conducted informal interviews within a software company. Based on the findings, we defined a usability and user experience measurement and evaluation roadmap for web applications development companies. The roadmap contains a set of usability evaluation and measurement methods as well as measures that we found suitable to be used during the early stages (requirement, design, and development) of web application development lifecycle. To validate the applicability of the defined roadmap, a case study was performed on a real time market oriented real estate web application. The results and the discussions of the findings as well as the future research directions are presented. / Användbarhet och User Experience (UX) spelar en avgörande roll i framgång och misslyckande av webbapplikationer. Dock användbarhet och UX mätning under programvarans livscykel ge många utmaningar. Baserat på en systematisk litteraturstudie, denna uppsats diskuterar aktuella användbarhet och användarupplevelse utvärdering och mätmetoder och angivna åtgärder samt som deras tillämplighet under mjukvaruutveckling liv cykel. Utmaningarna i att använda dessa metoder identifierades också. För att utarbeta mer på de utmaningar, vi genomfört informella intervjuer inom ett mjukvaruföretag. Baserat på resultaten, definierade vi en användbarhet och användarcentrerad erfarenheter mätning och utvärdering färdplan för webben tillämpningar utvecklingsbolag. Färdplanen innehåller en uppsättning av användbarhet utvärdering och mätmetoder som samt de åtgärder som vi fann lämpliga att använda under tidigt skede (krav, design och utveckling) i webb applikationsutveckling livscykel. Att godkänna tillämpning av de definierade färdplanen, en fallstudie som utförts på ett realtid marknadsorienterad verklig egendom webbapplikation. Resultaten och diskussionerna i resultaten samt de framtida inriktningar forskning presenteras. / +46 707446847, +46 704423894

World Wide Web has attained a significant role in the communication, information sharing and services delivery within some years. The web based applications now contains the information for different organizations, academics, medical and many more. Online business in the form of E-commerce is widely using the concepts of web based business very efficiently. Due to wide use of web applications, the usability and User Experience (UX) play important roles. The organizations often concentrate less on usability evaluation of web applications due to which the users encounter problems while using the product like page loading time, accessibility, font size etc. The bad usability influences the user experience. Usability evaluation of web application helps the companies to develop more user friendly and accessible products which also improve the market positions of their products. There are different Usability Evaluation Methods (UEMs) which can be used to evaluate the product. The appropriate UEM at appropriate time during product development ensures the high quality of product. Due to different definitions of usability and UX it is difficult to evaluate the usability and UX. Furthermore there are some organizational issues like time to market, evaluator's expertise, budget etc which restrict the deployment of UEMs in web development. This thesis study is focused on the identification of different definitions of Usability and UX. The relationship between Usability and UX is also investigated. Interviews are conducted in order to identify the factors which restrict the adoption of UEMs. The results of interview are analyzed by using Grounded Theory. Some recommendations are given on the basis of empirical study that how appropriate usability inspection method(s) can be adopted during the product development. / World Wide Web har uppnått en betydande roll i för kommunikation, informationsutbyte och tjänster leverans inom några år. Den web-baserade applikationer nu innehåller information för olika organisationer, akademiker, läkare och många fler. Online-verksamhet i form av e-handel är allmänt använda begreppen webbaserade business mycket effektivt. På grund av omfattande användning av webbapplikationer, användbarhet och User Experience (UX) spelar en viktig roll. Den organisationer koncentrera ofta mindre på användbarhet utvärdering av webbapplikationer beror på vilken användare stöter på problem när du använder produkter som är likadana sidan lastande tid, tillgänglighet, textstorlek etc. dåliga användbarhet påverkar användarupplevelsen. Användbarhet utvärdering av webbprogram hjälper företag att utveckla mer användarvänliga och lättillgängliga produkter som förbättrar också marknadspositioner produkter. Det finns olika Usability Evaluation Methods (UEMS) som kan användas för att utvärdera produkten. Den lämplig UEM vid lämplig tidpunkt under produktens utveckling säkerställer en hög kvalitet på produkten. Grund olika definitioner av användbarhet och UX det är svårt att utvärdera användbarheten och UX. Vidare finns Vissa organisatoriska frågor som tid till marknaden, Utvärderarens kompetens, budget etc. som begränsar utplacering av UEMS inom webbutveckling. Här avhandlingen Studien är inriktad på identifiering av olika definitioner av användbarhet och UX. Den Förhållandet mellan Användbarhet och UX är också undersökts. Intervjuerna är gjorda för att identifiera de faktorer som begränsar införandet av UEMS. Resultaten av intervjun analyseras med hjälp av Grounded Theory. Vissa rekommendationer ges på grundval av empiriska studie att hur lämpliga användbarhet kontrollmetod (s) kan antas under produktutvecklingen.

Web site usability is an important factor when creating and managing web sites, since it essentially determines whether or not the site is usable by its intended audience. As an attempt to simplify the process of achieving high usability for web sites, this thesis has explored the possibility of integrating usability guidelines with web content management systems. The overall aim was to determine if, and how, usability guidelines can be implemented in a web content management system to make it promote and deliver web site usability, and to find solutions that aid web site users in carrying out the basic tasks of finding, reading and understanding information on the web. To estimate the effectiveness of such solutions, the level of human dependency was considered when evaluating the solutions. This thesis has shown that it is possible to construct such solutions, and has found several for each of the basic user tasks of finding, reading and understanding information. Although some of the found solutions automatically improve a site's usability or actively promote site usability, the majority are still dependent on human efforts in order to promote usability. It was concluded that it is possible to integrate usability guidelines with a web content management system, but that web site usability still largely depends on human effort in order to be effective.

This thesis reports on a study conducted to investigate the design, development and implementation of a learning website as part of a distance education course comprising a combination of media and technology. The website functions as a tool for teaching distance education postgraduate adult learners mostly from previously disadvantaged communities whatever knowledge of nutrition they need to manage the symptoms and general health of people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Before ascertaining such factors, the limitations and concerns associated with the teaching and learning of the learners in question had to be established. The research problem is narrowed down to eight sub-questions in order to establish possible solutions. These sub-questions can be categorised as follows: · Pressures on South African distance higher education institutions, and Internet and computer technology as a solution · Interface design · Web usability · Utilization of a combination of media and technology The study addresses each sub-question by means of an analysis of the published literature, by analysing how the findings of the project shed light on each research sub-question, and how each sub-question illuminated (in a wider sense) the remaining sub-questions, and the research question in general. The answers to the research sub-questions will permit the researcher to determine how the teaching of adult learners from previously disadvantaged communities in the field of nutrition and HIV and AIDS could be made more effective by utilizing a distance education course that comprises a combination of media and technologies. This will then in turn lead to the formulation of strategies and guidelines for the design, development and implementation of e-learning as part a combination of media and technology in order to offer effective postgraduate distance education courses for developing countries. The results of the study could lead to the following possible applications: · A post-graduate distance education course comprising a combination of media and technology · A flexible, self-paced distance education course · An interactive learning website · Instant access to learning content · Offering authentic and reliable information · An alternative medium of offering content / Thesis (DPhil (Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Information Science / unrestricted