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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The study of electrospun nanofibers and the application of electrospinning in engineering education

Call, Christopher Calvin 15 May 2009 (has links)
During electrospinning, a polymer solution becomes an electrically driven jet as it travels to a grounded plate. While the behavior of pressure-driven liquid jets has been extensively studied in fluid mechanics, none of the characteristics of fluid jet break up have been applied to electrospinning. Calculating Weber number can describe what type of breakup occurs as the polymer jet travels to the plate, which could also predict the surface morphology of electrospun fibers. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) solution was electrospun at different voltages to test whether the morphology of the electrospun fibers can be predicted through calculating Weber number. While the continuing research of electrospinning is important, the subject of electrospinning can be used as a course to teach students engineering principals over a semester. Due to the vast interdisciplinary subjects associated with electrospinning, teaching the subject as a course will give students an understanding of critical thinking skills as well as first hand accounts of research. Four weight percent PEO solution was electrospun at a range of testing parameters until the desired results were achieved, beaded or non-beaded fibers. The Weber numbers were calculated and compared to the electrospun material created. Analyzing the surface morphology revealed a beaded to non-beaded trend in nanofibers corresponding to high-to-low Weber numbers. The same trend continued for higher weight percents of PEO solutions electrospun. The course will have many learning objectives the instructor is expected to have the students achieve, building the objectives to help the students become better researchers and to learn the material. Splitting the course into three five week sections will help students understand each component of the electrospinning process, as well as fundamental engineering equations and theories. The students at the end of the semester should be able to recreate the electrospinning process on their own and create nanofibers of varying sizes. The course should also excite students about pursuing more advanced degrees in scientific fields.
2

Etude expérimentale du transitoire de remplissage des cavités d'injection des organes de combustion du moteur VINCI / Experimental study of the transient filling of the liquid oxygen dome of the VINCI rocket engine

Hérenger, Nicolas 08 October 2012 (has links)
Sous la direction de SNECMA, un nouveau moteur cryotechnique pour Ariane 5 est en phase de développement. Ce moteur, VINCI, fonctionne à l'oxygène et à l'hydrogène liquides et devra être rallumable en cours de vol. Le transitoire de remplissage d'une cavité intermédiaire par laquelle transite l'oxygène liquide avant d'arriver dans la chambre de combustion s'avère être une étape critique qu'il faut s'efforcer de maîtriser. Cette cavité, appelée dôme LOX, est directement reliée à la chambre de combustion par les injecteurs à oxygène. Des outils numériques sont actuellement en cours de conception : ils permettront à terme de simuler le remplissage de cette cavité dans l'espace. Afin de valider ces outils numériques, un programme expérimental a vu le jour, impliquant SNECMA, le CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) et le LEGI (Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels). Il s'agit de mener à bien des expériences « simples » et reproductibles afin de disposer d'une base de données expérimentales qui servira de cas tests pour les simulations. Un banc d'essais expérimental a été progressivement mis en place et instrumenté au LEGI. Le fluide utilisé en substitution de l'oxygène liquide est de l'eau. On a choisi de respecter une similitude du nombre de Weber entre le cas « réel » et les conditions expérimentales. Ce dernier équivaut au rapport des forces d'inertie sur les forces de tension de surface. Deux campagnes d'essais ont été réalisées, dans lesquelles on s'est centré sur l'étude des aspects hydrodynamique du transitoire de remplissage : variation du débit total et des pressions au cours d'un essai, évaluation du taux de vide dans la cavité, visualisation de l'écoulement dans la cavité et en sortie des injecteurs. L'instrumentation à disposition est constituée d'un débitmètre à effet Coriolis, de capteurs de pression, d'une sonde optique, de caméras rapides et d'un laser pour l'imagerie. La première campagne d'essais a visé le remplissage de la cavité en eau seule. Le paramètre de contrôle principal était la pression génératrice de l'écoulement liquide. Dans la deuxième campagne d'essais on injecte simultanément dans la cavité un écoulement d'eau et un écoulement d'air. Cela se rapproche plus des conditions réelles du transitoire de remplissage, au cours duquel la cavité est balayée par un écoulement d'hélium. Le paramètre de contrôle supplémentaire est le débit de gaz initial. Ces campagnes ont également souligné l'importance du profil d'ouverture de la vanne de l'écoulement liquide sur le transitoire de remplissage de la cavité. Ces campagnes d'essais constituent une première étape dans la compréhension du transitoire de remplissage du dôme LOX. Elles ont permis de visualiser la forme de l'écoulement dans la cavité et en sortie des injecteurs et d'identifier certains phénomènes intervenant dans le remplissage de la cavité. En particulier, nous avons mis en évidence l'existence d'un délai de mise en place de l'écoulement par les injecteurs, qui peut être responsable d'un pic de pression dans la cavité au cours du transitoire. L'influence de la fraction gazeuse sur l'écoulement dans les injecteurs a été soulignée mais reste à quantifier de façon précise. La prochaine étape de l'étude concerne les aspects énergétiques du transitoire de remplissage, notamment les transferts thermiques ayant lieu, dans la réalité, entre l'hélium, l'oxygène et les parois du dôme LOX. / Under the supervision of SNECMA, a new cryotechnic engine is being developed for Ariane 5. This engine, named VINCI, uses liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen as propellant. It must be re-ignitable in flight. The filling transitory phase of an intermediate tank where the liquid oxygen passes through before entering the combustion chamber, has proved to be a very important stage that must be handled. This tank, called LOX dome, is directly linked to the combustion chamber through the oxygen injectors. Numerical tools are currently under development. They will allow to simulate the filling of this tank in the space. In order to validate those numerical tools, an experimental program has been launched. It involves SNECMA, the CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales : National Centre for Spatial Studies) and the LEGI (Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels : Laboratory of Geophysical and Industrial Flows). Simple and repeatable experiments must be run. They will allow to gather experimental data that will further be used as test cases for the simulations. A test bench has been brought into service step by step at the LEGI, as well as scientific instruments. Water is used in place of liquid oxygen. A similarity of flows based on the Weber number has been chosen between the real case and the experiment. The Weber number measures the relative importance of the fluid inertia compared to its surface tension. Two experimental campaigns have been realized, that have focused on the dynamic aspects of the filling transitory phase : variations of the total flow and of the pressures measured during an experiment, evaluation of the void fraction in the tank, flow visualization in the tank and at the outlet of the injectors. The scientific instrumentation used is made of a Coriolis flow-meter, pressure probes, an optical probe, and high speed cameras with a laser for the flow visualization. The first experimental campaign has studied the tank filling with water only. The main control parameter is the reference pressure of the liquid flow. In the second campaign, both liquid and air flows are simultaneously injected in the tank. It aims at reproducing the real conditions of the filling transitory phase, where helium is injected in the tank with the liquid oxygen. The additional control parameter is the initial gas flow. Those campaigns have shown as well the importance of the valve opening that controls the liquid flow. Those campaigns are a first step in the understanding of the filling transitory phase of the LOX dome. They have permitted to visualize the flow in the tank and at the outlet of the injectors and to point out some important phenomena occurring during the tank filling. In particular, they have highlighted the existence of a delay before the flow can develop through the injectors. This delay can be responsible for a pressure peak in the tank during the transitory phase. The influence of the gas fraction on the flow through the injectors has been underlined as well but still must be accurately quantified. The next step of the study concerns the energetics of the filling transitory phase, especially the thermal transfers that occur between the helium, the oxygen and the walls of the tank.
3

A novel method of producing microbubbles for targeted drug delivery

Fiabane, Joe January 2016 (has links)
Microbubbles, currently employed in diagnostic ultrasound as a contrast agent, have a potential new application as vehicles for targeted drug delivery, which could revolutionise medicine by eliminating side-effects. A new device is developed which outperforms all existing devices in terms of minimum microbubble size:channel diameter ratio. A numerical model is established to describe the flow behaviour and it is determined that the flow regime and resulting microbubble size are dependent on the ratio of inner- to outer Weber number.
4

Experimental Investigation of Jet Breakup at Low Weber Number

Rajendran, Sucharitha January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
5

Soap Bubbles and Solid Spheres: Collisions and Interactions

Bryson, Joshua A. 17 May 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Under the right conditions, a moving sphere may successfully enter, and leave, a soap bubble without rupturing that bubble. The physics behind this phenomena are not well understood, nor the limiting factors (such as sphere size, speed, etc.). This work, investigating this phenomenon using high speed photography, has produced several results which are presented. First, several distinct regimes, noted while photographing the interactions between the spheres and the bubbles, are classified and discussed. Next a probabilistic examination of the soap bubbles rupture by the moving spheres is presented. Then a conjecture for the limiting sphere sizes and speeds is presented. And finally some interesting phenomena, noted in the course of this investigation, are presented and discussed.
6

Characterization of Low Weber Number Post-Impact Drop-Spread Dynamics by a Damped Harmonic System Model

Gande, Sandeep K. 26 September 2011 (has links)
No description available.
7

CHARACTERIZATION OF SECONDARY ATOMIZATION AT HIGH OHNESORGE NUMBERS

Vishnu Radhakrishna (5930801) 16 January 2019 (has links)
<p>A droplet subjected to external aerodynamic disturbances disintegrates into smaller droplets and is known as secondary atomization. Droplet breakup has been studied for low Ohnesorge (<b><i>Oh < </i></b>0.1) numbers and good agreement has been seen amongst researchers. However, when it comes to cases with high the <b><i>Oh</i></b> number, i.e. atomization where the influence of viscosity is significant, very little data is available in the literature and poor agreement is seen amongst researchers. </p> <p> </p> <p>This thesis presents a complete analysis of the modes of deformation and breakup exhibited by a droplet subjected to continuous air flow. New modes of breakup have been introduced and an intermediate case with no droplet fragmentation has been discovered. Further, results are presented for droplet size-velocity distributions. In addition, Digital in-line holography (DIH) was utilized to quantify the size-velocity pdfs using a hybrid algorithm. Finally, particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to characterize the air flow in the unique cases where drops exhibited no breakup and cases with multiple bag formation. </p> <p> </p> <p>A droplet subjected to external aerodynamic disturbances disintegrates into smaller droplets and is known as secondary atomization. Secondary breakup finds relevance is almost every industry that utilizes sprays for their application. </p> <p> </p>
8

Etude expérimentale du transitoire de remplissage dans un moteur fusée en présence de transferts thermiques aux parois et du gaz de balayage / Experimental study of temporary filling in a rocket motor in the presence of heat transfer to the walls and sweep gas

Alleaume, Virginie 19 May 2015 (has links)
Dans l'objectif de maîtriser le démarrage des moteurs fusées en vol balistique, il est proposé de caractériser le transitoire de remplissage des cavités d'injection des organes de combustion. L'étude s'effectue principalement sur la cavité tampon, appelée dôme. Le comburant est maintenu sous pression en amont d'une vanne dont l'ouverture contrôle son passage vers une chambre tampon qui est liée à la chambre de combustion à travers un réseau d'injecteurs. Afin d'empêcher la remontée du carburant vers la chambre tampon, un gaz balaye la chambre de l'entrée vers les injecteurs. Cette étude expérimentale consiste à décrire la structure spatio-temporelle de l'écoulement diphasique dans la cavité tampon suite à l'ouverture de la vanne en présence de l'écoulement du gaz de balayage. Il s'agit de suivre l'évolution de l'écoulement sur des temps courts (quelques centaine ms) par un ensemble de mesures (débits, pressions, distribution spatiale des phases, suivi de l'interface) sans ou avec transfert thermique aux parois de la cavité. Des fluides de substitutions sont utilisés. Pour la partie expérimentale sans transfert thermique, de l'eau et de l'air sont utilisés à la place du comburant et du gaz inerte et pour la partie non isotherme du "x" (fluorocarbone) et un gaz "y" ont été choisis. Dans le premier cas, les expériences isothermes ont mis en évidence le comportement typique des grandeurs comme la pression dans la cavité et le débit de liquide entrant ainsi que la distribution des phases en sortie d'injection, tandis qu'une analyse des résultats a montré l'importance des différentes échelles de temps qui interviennent pendant le remplissage: temps d'ouverture de la vanne, temps de recouvrement des injecteurs par le liquide et les temps de remplissage et de vidange de la cavité tampon. Dans le deuxième cas, les parois sont chauffées au-dessus de la valeur d'ébullition du liquide, pour la gamme de pression envisagée dans le dôme. Le but est de quantifier les effets d'un possible changement de phase aux parois et d'évaluer leur importance sur l'écoulement. De plus, les conséquences dues à l'échauffement du gaz de balayage constituent une partie significative du programme expérimental. Le gaz est chauffé indépendamment des parois. Un modèle théorique traitant des différents régimes d'écoulements pendant le transitoire de remplissage permet de reproduire le comportement des pressions, débit liquide et fraction volumique de gaz dans la cavité. L'ensemble de ces mesures permettent de comprendre le transitoire de remplissage de la cavité d'injection dôme et l'analyse théorique qui accompagne ces expériences doit permettre l'extrapolation des résultats obtenus en laboratoire aux conditions réelles (fluides cryogéniques sous microgravité). Elle doit aussi fournir les conditions aux limites requises pour les approches numériques développées par ailleurs ainsi que les bases de données permettant de tester ces simulations. / In order to control the ignition of rocket motors during ballistic flight, the transient flow of comburant into a reservoir or buffer cavity (dôme) and then through a grid of injectors must be carefully characterised. The liquid oxygen is held under pressure upstream of a valve which opens into the dome. The valve opening is a control parameter. To avoid any possible flow of carburant from combustion chamber back into reservoir, the latter is swept with an inert gas, thus ensuring that the pressure in the reservoir remains higher than in the combustion chamber. This experimental study has the aim of characterising the spatio-temporal structure of two-phase flow into the dome following opening of principal liquid valve. Filling the dome and forcing the liquid through the injectors has an overall time scale of some hundred milliseconds. High resolution measurements of liquid and gas flow rates, pressure, phase distribution, interface velocity and temperatures are recorded for different values of the key parameters as well as visualisations. For the experimental program with heat transfer, the comburant was replaced with "x". Much work was carried out on the effects of heat transfer from either the gas or the walls or both to the liquid entering the dome once these were above the liquid boiling point. Previous studies in the LEGI using water and air, and without heat transfer brought to light the important variations in dome pressure and liquid flow rate during the transient, while analysis of results indicated the importance of a number of time scales : value opening time, time for the liquid to cover the injectors, time to fill the dome, time to empty it. For the heat transfer experiments, the walls are heated for the pressure range chosen. The sweep gas is heated too. The aim of these experiments is to seek evidence of a phase-change at the walls or during interaction with the gas and to evaluate its importance. To carry out these experiments, specific instrumentation was used. The whole of these mesures enable us to understand the transient filling of the injection cavity. Thus, theoretical analysis have to allow extrapolations of results obteined in laboratory to real cases (cryogenic liquid under microgravity). Then, we have to give a data base to developp and validate numerical simulation.
9

Understanding Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Process Characteristics in the Application of Printing Micro Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Hill, Theresa Y. 29 August 2019 (has links)
No description available.

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