The chief concern of this study is “The Present Status of Industrial Arts in the State of Virginia.” There are three main divisions of the study: Factors Influencing Industrial Arts in Virginia The Present Status of Industrial Arts in the Schools of Virginia The Present Status of the Industrial Arts Teacher in Virginia In obtaining the information for this study the following three methods were used: 1. Questionnaires were sent to each shop teacher in the State teaching shop subjects in junior and senior high schools. 2. Research was done by investigating: a. Other studies in the field of Industrial Arts. b. Standard reference books. 3. Information was obtained by referring to: a. Bulletins from the State Department of Education. b. The preliminary reports of superintendents filed with the Department of Secondary Education at the beginning of the school year. c. The files in the Department of Trades and Industries. The names of the teachers, the subjects taught by each, and the name and address of the school were obtained from the office of Mr. Gordon Fallison, State Department of Education. The questionnaire was written and revisions were made according to the suggestions of Mr. I.B. Pittman, Director of Industrial Arts for the city schools of Petersburg, Virginia. After revision it was submitted to Mr. Linscotte Ballintine, Mr. George Sanvig, and Mr. Gordon Fallison of the State Department of Education for any suggestions they thought would improve the questionnaire and the results to be obtained for it. This questionnaire was sent out to the individual teachers on March 19. Enclosed also, were: A form letter explaining the reasons for sending out the questionnaire. A self-addressed stamped envelope for the return of the paper after it had been filled out. By the end of May, one hundred twenty-nine returns had been received from two hundred fifteen sent out. This was a return of 60 per cent. The one hundred twenty-nine questionnaires that were returned represented eighty-nine schools out of a possible one hundred thirty-four, thus giving some information on 66 per cent of the schools offering courses in Industrial Arts. Since information came from all parts of the State, as shown by Figure I, and from all types of schools, it appears that the study should give a fair picture of the situation as it exists throughout the entire state.

This thesis is devoted primarily to examining existential factors present in Three Soldiers and The Naked and the Dead, but it is evident that naturalism and Marxism make their presence known in both novels. Three Soldiers and The Naked and the Dead suggest through their existential overtones that indeed existentialism is a vital force which is clearly exerting itself in twentieth-century literature. This study supports the viewpoint of a growing number of modern authors’ works which have concentrated on the individual’s struggle to find meaning and fulfillment in a complex world – a world of nuclear devices, campus unrest, global strife, military conquest, and racial turmoil from the existential point of view. Man’s only salvation is to reject society’s institutions and create an atmosphere which enables individual rights and freedom. Dos Passos, Mailer, and Sartre have been pleading the case of self-actualization and self-realization for years, plans that seem more relevant in the 1960’s than in the decades when they were written. This investigation of existential attitudes in John Dos Passos’ Three Soldiers and Norman Mailer’s The Naked and the Dead is by no means exhaustive. Certainly more investigation may be carried out on existential elements and attitudes in twentieth-century American literature.

Women workers in the United States do not share equally in earned income with men, and the majority of female workers are employed in traditionally female occupations where the pay is also traditionally low. A socialization pattern seems to assign women certain career roles which have been traditionally female and to influence women in their professional ambitions and in making satisfying career choices. This study represents an attempt to investigate possible variables which influence women in making satisfying congruent career choices. The relationship of sex-role classification, as measured by the Bem Sex-role Inventory (BSRI), vocational interests, as measured by the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI), and expressed vocational interests, as indicated by declared college major, of selected college women was examined by this study. Sex-role type was studied as a variable which could possible cause women to ignore the socialization process and is attending attitudes to select preferred atypical careers. The purposes of the study was to discover possible differences in sex-role identity between women who make congruent career choices and women who make incongruent career choices and to add an understanding of the process of career choice for women. The BSRI and VPI were administered to a group of undergraduate women in lower division psychology and English classes at a regional Southeastern state university. The score for each student’s Vocational interest type from the VPI was compared with that student’s declared college major, using a table of college majors arranged by Holland’s Typology of Occupational Environments which corresponds to the six scales of vocational interest types of the VPI. A congruent choice was indicated if a subject’s declared college major was listed in the occupational environment of her measured vocational interest type scale. Tables presented the proportion of sex-role classification (masculine, feminine, androgynous, and undifferentiated) in the congruent and incongruent vocational preference groupings as well as the proportion of sex-role classification in each preference group reported according to measured vocational interest. The findings of this study tentatively suggest that the variable of sex-role type does influence career choice, as problems were encountered by women whose sex-role classification was masculine or undifferentiated. The study did not indicate that the sex-role classification of androgyny was a sufficient condition to greatly influence the congruent outcome of career choice of the college women in this sample. In the population of this research, highly sex-typed feminine women—as well as androgynous women-chose college majors congruent to their measured vocational interest, indicating a satisfying career choice. The women in the sample [blank] study indicated a strong continuing interest in traditional women’s occupations whether their sex-role classification was feminine, masculine, androgynous, or undifferentiated. Implications for additional research have been identified in this project for further study of those factors (social, situational, and attitudinal) which influence career aspirations of young women.

Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense L.) presents a serious problem in the production of corn and soybeans in Kentucky. Various rates of the thiocarbamates, dinitroanilines, carbamates, amides, ureas, and triazines were used in association with the crops corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans (Glycine max L.) to determine the degree of suppression on rhizomatous johnsongrass infesting the previously named crops. Suppression was determined by selecting areas within each treated plot, counting the number of culms, then harvesting johnsongrass rhizomes. Dry weights of rhizomes were then determined as a measure of rhizome suppression. Results show that of the various herbicides and rates used, none were significantly different in their degree of rhizome suppression.

The misfit and the dream of escape are popular motifs in American literature, particularly in the literature of the South. Critical studies of works employing these themes have largely ignored the connection between the two. The Southern misfit – the Southerner who fails to or refuses to conform to his society’s strict standards – often dreams of escaping the restrictions of the South for some Northern “promised land.” In the works of two Georgia writers, Carson McCullers and Flannery O’Connor, the related themes receive different treatments. Carson McCullers’s misfits in the novels The Heart is a Lonely Hunter and The Member of the Wedding are adolescent girls who fail to meet their society’s expectations to be ladylike and free of personal ambitions, and McCullers seems sympathetic to her misfits’ longing to escape. In Flannery O’Connor’s short stories, her misfits are often intellectuals who feel unappreciated and alienated in their “culturally stagnant” hometowns, but O’Connor usually demonstrates that the real problem of these intellectuals is not the restrictions of the South but the characters’ own lack of self-awareness.

Johnsongrass is one of the more limiting factors in soybean production and is the most serious weed problem in the Southeastern United States. Actually, different herbicides are used in johnsongrass control, and still there are new herbicides which are being tested. Two experimental herbicides for johnsongrass control in soybeans are BAS 9052 and S-734. The experiments were conducted in 1980 and 1981 with the objective to evaluate the effectiveness of S-734 alone and in combination with mefluidide and BAS 9052, BAS 9052 applied early or late postemergence, trifluralin, alachlor, and fluchloralin for seedling and rhizome johnsongrass control. In both areas S-734 was applied at 0.8, 1.1, and 1.7 kg/ha, S-734 at rates of 0.8, 1.1, and 1.7 kg/ha was combined with mefluidide at 0.3 kg/ha, S-734 at rates of 1.1 and 1.7 kg/ha was also combined with BAS 9052 at 0.6 kg/ha, BAS 9052 was applied at 0.6, 0.8, and 1.1 kg/ha early or late postemergence. Trifluralin and fluchloralin were applied at rate of 1.1 kg/ha in seedling study and 2.2 kg/ha in rhizome study. Alachlor was applied at rates of 3.4 and 4.5 kg/ha in seedling study. The results of the experiments showed that there were similarities and differences in the response of rhizome and seedling johnsongrass to the treatments. The control of johnsongrass, and the resulting soybean yields, was higher in the seedling area than in the rhizome area. There were no differences among rates of herbicides. Good seedling johnsongrass control was obtained with all treatments although there were differences among herbicides. In 1980 there were differences between BAS 9052 applied early and late postemergence, but there were no differences in 1981. BAS 9052 might be used as a late postemergence application for best seedling johnsongrass control. There were no differences among herbicides on soybean yields. In both years good rhizome johnsongrass control was obtained with BAS 9052 applied early or late postemergence. Poor rhizome johnsongrass control was obtained with S-734, trifluralin, and fluchloralin. High soybean yields were obtained with BAS 9052.

The book of Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes) is perhaps the most intriguing book in the Old Testament. Readers of every age can appreciate its theme, dealing with the futility of seeking to uncover life’s mystery. Yet Qoheleth has been interpreted in many different ways. The interpretations have ranged from tragic pessimism to a triumph of piety over skepticism. It is the contention of this thesis that a proper perspective on Qoheleth’s intention can best be gained in terms of the author’s use of tradition. Qoheleth displays an awareness of such Hebrew traditions as Wisdom, the Pentateuch, Israelite history and the prophets. Though Qoheleth does not refer specifically to the Law or to Yahweh, the God of Israel, he does not deny them. Moreover, he seems familiar with both the Pentateuch (e.g. the creation account) and the historical writings in the prophets (e.g. the account of Solomon). Qoheleth is also consistent with Old Testament theology in holding that God’s ways cannot be comprehended by man, and that it is good for man to enjoy the life that God has given him. It is also likely that Qoheleth was familiar with the traditions of Greece and the Near East. There are many parallels between Qoheleth and these cultures, but all that these seem to represent is parallel development. For Qoheleth does not reveal any dependence on the traditions of these cultures. Rather Qoheleth differs sharply in that he refutes both the Hellenistic belief in an after life (3:21) and the tragic pessimism of Ancient Near Eastern documents. When Qoheleth is understood in terms of the author’s use of tradition, this book is found to be true to Hebrew tradition. In this way readers are afforded a proper perspective as to how Qoheleth is best interpreted. The book is found to be practical, advising the reader to enjoy life rather than despair of it.

One of the two aims of this research was to elucidate from a philosophical perspective a selected body of Nigerian fiction. The second objective has been to investigate the dominant themes of the two selected novelists and relate them to existentialism. The most essential theme was found to be colonialism and its disruption of the African culture. It was implied in the works of the novelists that authentic African culture was dislocated by British imperialism in Nigeria. The use of force and other features of power was manifested in the takeover. Through various literary devices and innuendo they suggest that the social values of their people had been altered to the advantage of the Europeans. They, however, blame the Nigerians as well for their lack of will power to stabilize things. One of the most important findings is the fact that man will always seek his well-being first before caring for others. The philosophy of the existentialism in whose light the African situation has been analyzed points out that power is the underlying factor in all human situations. Since power determines who gains the upper hand in life’s struggle the existentialists alert man to the notion that everyone has his own existence to guard. To relate this idea to the Nigerian situation, it then means that the Nigerian has his destiny to guard. This is found to be the coded message of the Nigerian novelists to their people.

Questionnaries concerning the nature of the state-required Ninth Grade Reading Programs were sent to principals of secondary schools in the Second Education District of Kentucky. The program, which had been in effect for two years, was studied as to the different organization, curriculum, students, faculty, resources, conclusions, and projections of each school involved an then compared to a standard reading program. It was found that Kentucky is a forerunner in the area of state requirements as to provision for help in reading for ninth grade students. The type of referral and physical setting of the program were both found to be adequate. In compariason to the standards of professional literature, it was found that the typical rading classroom was lacking in several areas. The most significant finding was the lack of a teacher who has been trained for teaching reading skills. A related finding was the lack of knowledge for diagnosis and correction by the English teachers who now teach in the reading program. The study showed a need for more individual attention and provision for more relevant materials.

Eighty-nine caves and sinkholes were investigated in the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone in Bexar County, Texas. The study examined their hydrogeologic and topographic origins and distribution, relationships to major fracture traces, quantity of recharge into the aquifer and degree of sensitivity towards degradation of the aquifer’s water quality. Groundwater traces were attempted to determine aquifer flow routes, time of groundwater travel, groundwater volume within conduits, and the aquifer’s capacity for dilution and dispersion of recharged contaminants. Trends in water quality were examined to quantify the volume and variety of contaminants recharged into the aquifer and to determine the effects of urbanization upon the Edwards Aquifer. The Edwards recharge zone was hydrogeologically assessed to rate the sensitivity of its areas. Socio-political impacts on recharge zone development were also examined. Based on the results of the above outlined research method, the conclusions of this investigation are that caves and sinkholes contribute substantial recharge into the Edwards Aquifer, rapidly transmit that recharge to the aquifer and are sensitive sites for potential contamination. The entire recharge zone was determined to be very sensitive to contamination. No significant differences were found between areas within the recharge zone to scale their degree of sensitivity. Major conduit flow networks were found to exist within the aquifer and their groundwater flow paths could be traced. Urban development of the Edwards recharge zone was shown to decrease the volume of recharge and degrade the aquifer’s water quality. No significant detrimental effects on the aquifer were observed. The volume of diminished recharge and the concentration of recharged contaminants that were necessary to produce significant adverse effects on the aquifer were not determined due to lack of precipitation during the study period and inconclusive groundwater tracings. It was recommended that further development of the recharge zone be suspended until the effects of urbanization are quantified.