Because of the potential health hazards associated with the use of sludge for agricultural purposes, Dudley et al (1980) published a scheme for the routine analysis of bacteria in municipal sewage sludge. In this study, the Dudley et al scheme (1980) was modified by updating some of the procedures. Aerobically digested sludge generated by the Bowling Green Wastewater Treatment Plant, Bowling Green, Kentucky, was analyzed using the modified scheme. Sludge samples were collected once every two months over a one-year period from October 1989 to August 1990. Egg yolk-free tryptose sulfite cycloserine agar in conjunction with the revewrse CAMP test was used to assay for Clostridium perfringens. This procedure improved the one proposed by Dudley et al. (1980) by achieving a higher confirmation rate, reducing testing time, allowing for easier interpretation of results, and increasing accuracy. Selective and differential media by Rippey and Cabelli (1979) were added to the scheme to isolate Aeromonas, Aeroomonas hydrophila and Aeromonas caviae were successfully isolated wand were identified using the system by Cunliffe and Adcock (1989) for speciating aeromonads. Baird-Parker medium was compared to mannitol salt agar for effectiveness in isolating Staphylococcus from sludge. Statistical analysis showed Baird-Parker medium to be significantly more effective than mannitol salt agar. However, neither agar reduced background flora to acceptable levels. Staphylococcus isolates were subject to species identification by the API Staph Ident system (Analytab Products, Plainview, New York). Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were found to be present in the sludge. A procedure by Ottolenghi and Hamparian (1987) was employed to isolate Salmonella in sludge. No salmonellae were isolated over the one year period. Over the year-long study, bacterial numbers, with the exception of Clostridium perfringens and the total aerobic count, fluctuated with variations in the aerobic digester temperature. Numbers decreased as temperature increased. Clostridium perfringens counts were the most consistent throughout the year and exceeded fecal coliform and fecal streptococci counts in five of the six samplings.

Since Edward Eggleston’s materials for his Hoosier novels are based upon his own experiences and observations, it is necessary to know something of him in his actual environment. To understand how the events and conditions equipped him to be the fictional historian of this part of the Middle West, a rapid survey of his biography is essential.

Chapter I will be concerned with a definition and classification of psychology as a science, the process to be followed in order to obtain a degree in psychology or a professional title, some characteristics of a psychologist, and finally the place in which psychology as a profession stands from an ethical and legal position. Chapter II will refer to psychological knowledge, standards and principles which defined psychotherapy practices. It will also be descriptive of some psychological services and delivery systems for such services. From the great variety of programs and fields of study found in the United States today, according to the “Graduate Study in Psychology for 1973-74” (American Psychological Association, 1972), several universities have been selected and examined from catalogues, brochures and other information with respect to their programs, the goals to be achieved, the emphasis given to certain matters, practices and techniques; and in general – according to each model – an ideal program for psychotherapists in the United States has been outlined. Chapter III shows the results of that overview of the training program in the United States. In Chapter IV, a similar process will be followed to determine the basic characteristics of a training program of a psychotherapist in Peru. An analysis of the current program in psychotherapy training in Peru with their strength and weaknesses will be made in this chapter. In this final chapter, recommendations also will be made for a training program which, while it will not be based or patterned after a particular program of a university in the United States, will incorporate some ideas which may be adapted to the situation present in Peru.

In their paper “Groups as Unions of Proper Subgroups,” published in 1959, Haber and Rosenfeld posed the problem of characterizing groups which can be expressed as the set theoretic union of a finite collection of their proper subgroups. Haber and Rosenfeld established that a group G is the union of three proper subgroups (such a group G shall be called a U3-group) if and only if the Klein 4-group is a homomorphic image of G. Further results concerning U3-groups were obtained in the paper “Groups which are the Union of Three Subgroups” by Bruckhemier, Bryan and Muir (1970), and in the paper “On the Number of Subgroups of Index Two – An Application of Goursat’s Theorem for Groups” by Crawford and Wallace (1975). The purpose of this paper is to provide characterizations for groups that can be expressed as the union of four proper subgroups but that cannot be expressed as the union of fewer than four such subgroups. We shall refer to such groups as U4-group if and only if either the symmetric group on three letters, S3, or the direct product of two cyclic groups each having order 3, Z3xZ3, is a homomorphic image of G.

It was predicted that the level of complementarity of birth-order position is positively associated with marital adjustment. This hypothesis was developed from Adlerian (1959) theory about the effects of birth-order position on personality formation and from the Toman (1961) duplication theorem. The Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1976) was given to 327 married women. An analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between the various combinations of birth order (no data were available for the only-with-only combination due to insufficient number of subjects in this group). Correspondingly, level of complementarity of birth order was also found to be unassociated with marital adjustment. It was suggested that reenactment of sibling relationships, if it occurs, may introduce negative as well as positive patterns of interaction. It was proposed that research on the association between different patterns of interaction and birth-order combination may yield more results. It was also predicted that combinations of oldest-born husbands and later-born wives would manifest greater marital adjustment that combinations of later-born and oldest-born wives. However, marital adjustment was found to be greater, although not significantly, for those couples where the wife was oldest-born and the husband was later-born. It was suggested that this finding may indicate the replacement of the traditional by a more symmetrical marital structure and that it may indicate a superior preparation for managing a household on the part of oldest-born women, which preparation may have resulted in greater marital adjustment.

Chemical analysis of samples collected from subsurface streams and wells were analyzed to identify nonpoint pollutants in karst aquifers resulting from agricultural land use. Major flow paths and travel times taken by nonpoint pollutants were identified. A land use limitation map showing areas where agricultural activities may results in nonpoint pollution of the karst aquifer was prepared. A groundwater susceptibility map was prepared to show areas of the karst aquifer most susceptible to groundwater contamination by nonpoint pollution resulting from agricultural land use. Research findings revealed that pollutant concentrations may reach levels thousands of times greater during high discharge events than during baseflow conditions. Approximately thirty-five percent of the drainage basin was considered to have serve limitations for conventional agricultural land use. Fifty-eight percent had moderate limitations while only seven percent had slight limitations and were considered acceptable for conventional agricultural land use. Lineaments, fracture traces and sinkholes were plotted on a map to revel those areas to the karst aquifer that are susceptible to groundwater contamination as a result of agricultural activities. Recommendations for agricultural best management practices were made in terms of reducing the potential for contributing pollutants to the karst aquifer.

Certain chemicals are known to inhibit growth in many plant species. These chemicals possess a common trait, the ability to inhibit stem elongation by suppressing the activity of the subapical meristematic region (11). These growth retardants have been extensively studied during the past several years in an effort to determine the biochemical mechanism responsible for reduction in plant height. The characteristic effect of these chemical retardants on the growth pattern has been described as producing plants with shorter, thicker stems and broader, darker green leaves. Tolbert, however, noted that although plants treated with the plant growth retardant, Cycocel, (2-chloroethyltrimethlammoniumchloride) and some of its related compounds were shorter and exhibited the above characteristics, he also found there was no loss in weight of the treated plants (25). Thus it appears that these chemicals cause growth to be manifested in a manner slightly altered from the normal pattern for that species. In living systems growth can be correlated with an increase in protein content; and since plants must synthesize their own amino acids, the metabolism of nitrogen is a vital factor in determining the rate of growth. Nitrogen is absorbed by the plant in the form of nitrate and must be converted into a usable form (14). The first step of this conversion is accomplished enzymatically by nitrate reductase (2). Although Kahn and Faust (8) have determined the effect of Cycocel on the soluble protein level in barley seedlings, information concerning other aspects of nitrogen metabolism has not been reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two growth retardant chemicals, Cycocel and B-Nine (succinic acid 2, 2-dimethylhydrazide), upon the nitrate level, the soluble protein nitrogen content, and the activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme of young barley plants.

Stress has become a problem to which people of all walks of life may relate, affecting the actions of the individual on both professional and personal levels. In the field of education, administrators often report a high level of stress, sometimes referred to as burnout. Much has been written about teacher stress, but very little research has been done on stress encountered by elementary principals. Research was conducted on stress as perceived by elementary principals in the Commonwealth of Kentucky for this study. The questionnaire used was compiled by the researcher using Koff, Laffey, Olson and Cichon’s table of Stress Ratings on Administrative Events as a source for the situations included. Demographic information that might influence stress was also incorporated in the questionnaire. The Kentucky Elementary Principal’s Questionnaire on Stress Indicators was administered to a random sample of 200 elementary principals. Of 200 questionnaires mailed, 115 were returned for a 57.5 percent response. The mean age of the respondents was 47 years of age, with 67.8 percent of the respondents being male and the majority married (84.3 percent). Respondents indicated that 64.3 percent plan to retire in the next 5 years. Of the 24 stressful situations, forcing the resignation or dismissal of a teacher had the highest rating – 4.26 – on a scale from 1 to 5. Dealing with unsatisfactory performance of professional staff was second with the rating of 3.96. The third highest stressful situation was legal action against the principal or the school with a rating of 3.90. Fourth, rated at 3.74, was involuntary transfer to another principalship. The lowest stress rating – 1.83 – was working with school district central administration. The data indicated that the significant correlations between demographic data and stressful situations were limited. Only two situations, namely forcing the resignation or dismissal of a teacher and dealing with unsatisfactory performance of professional staff, significantly correlated with the variables of male gender, age, and number of years as a principal.

After an examination of the typical Victorian woman was made from available authoritative sources it was found that George Eliot deviated from this standard and presented several views of the anti-Victorian woman in her novels. While the Victorian woman was pious, content with her role in life, poorly educated, dependent on the man in her life for answers to all problems, frail, feminine, attractive and frivolous, Eliot, on the other hand, contradicted these characteristics at almost every point. She refused to write the sort of entertaining stories the Victorian reader demanded, and furthermore, she viewed the Victorian home realistically. Eliot was discontented with the standards controlling women’s role in life. Women were frustrated by inadequate opportunities for participating in the intellectual ferment of the time; but by her own persistent application, Eliot had been contaminated by the contagion of her critical age. It is the spread of this contagion through three of her female characters that is traced here and its degree of domination is noted. Eliot’s negative relationship to the typical conception of what the Victorian woman was like is illustrated through her portrayal of Dorothea in Middlemarch, Gwendolyn in Daniel Deronda and Mrs. Transome in Felix Holt, The Radical.

Prior research endorsed two theories of misattribution of interpersonal attraction. Both the two-component theory and the excitation transfer theory demonstrate misattribution and, in combination, enhance the probability of misattribution. However, which theory provides the primary source of misattribution has not been distinguished. The present study asked 60 undergraduate males to rate their interpersonal attraction toward a female in a video recording engaging in self disclosure. A manipulation of different levels of environmental saliency and physiological arousal was used to determine which condition or combination of conditions is most likely to elicit misattribution of interpersonal attraction. An analysis of variance followed by an analysis of covariance was performed on the interpersonal attraction ratings. The covariate of base pulse rate was used to control for individual difference of arousal. The results did not indicate a statistical difference of misattribution under any of the manipulated conditions. The expansion of the arousal conditions is discussed as a prerequisite of misattribution effects. Further research is recommended in the areas of female misattribution of interpersonal attraction and individual cognitive recovery levels.