In mammalian cell-virus systems, it has been observed that damage caused by exposure of the cell to ultraviolet radiation (UV) will result in an increase in viral plaque development rate. This phenomenon is termed the Large Plaque Effect (LPE). Apparently, viral plaque development increases at a faster rate for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) when it is assayed on certain UV-irradiated mammalian cells. The consequence of this increase in plaque development rate is that viral plaques appear larger on irradiated monolayers of cells when compared to plaques that developed on unirradiated cellular monolayers. The cause of the LPE is not yet understood. It is though that the enhancement of plaque development, due to UV damage, is a manifestation of the excision repair mechanisms operating on the cellular genome. It is known that agents that act like UV and inhibit DNA synthesis, such as hydroxyurea, caffeine, and the carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, can produce the LPE. Conversely, cyclohexamide, which inhibits de novo protein synthesis, can completely prevent the LPE caused by UV. There is also some evidence of a cellular membrane effect involved in generating a non-UV LPE as observed in work with dimethyl sulfoxide. In addition, certain syncytial mutants of HSV are known to enhance membrane fusion.

In this thesis, I have focused on the uses of video, or nonbroadcast television, as an instructional tool within three different contexts, i.e., the uses of video in medical, corporate and industrial settings. Within this exploration, several problems have come to light. First, there is a need for higher education to train students in the field of nonbroadcast education, not only for broadcast students and new career opportunities, but also for students of business, medicine, art, and other career areas. As the uses of video become more widespread, so it becomes necessary to educate those who are likely to come in contact with video tape in a business environment. Secondly, and in the same context as the first problem, executives of organizations who already use video must be educated in the limitations of the medium. In becoming more familiar with the capabilities and limitations of video, executives help their media specialists (those in charge of the video departments) produce better quality productions with fewer headaches, while training their employees with better long term results.

A field study of the lower reaches of the Long Creek drainage area in southeastern Allen County, Kentucky, established the karst character of that area. The area heretofore had been described as a non-karst area. Four swallow holes, which individually or collectively totally pirate Long Creek, were identified. Two major resurgences of the pirated flow were located and described. A detailed study of a portion of the Long Creek drainage area revealed thirty-four springs, all of which were pirated at least once, and no flow from these springs reached Long Creek by surficial routes. The field survey also revealed dolines and a major cavern, Carpenter’s Cave. The geologic formation responsible for the karst features within the Long Creek drainage area is the Louisville limestone of Silurian age. These strata are characteristically karstic wherever exposed. The impermeability of the Chattanooga shale which overlies the Louisville limestone was established by the analysis of spring piracy and resurgence. The phreatic character of the Carpenter’s Cave and other karst features led to the conclusion that these karst features were developed prior to the deposition of the impermeable Chattanooga shale during Devonian time.

In experiment I), dry matter disappearance (DMD) and nitrogen disappearance (ND) of raw soybeans (RAW), solvent extracted soybean meal (SBM), heat treated whole soybeans (HT), mechanically extracted soybean meal (MEX), dry extruded soybeans (DEX), and wet extruded soybeans (TEX), were studied in situ for times of 3, 6, 12 and 24 h of rumen exposure. Five gram, air dry, samples were suspended in the rumen of a lactating Holstein cow fed a total mixed ration twice daily. The percent DMD for 24 h was as follows: RAW-85.9; SBM-56.6; HT-39.0; MEX-40.2; DEX-28.0; TEX-43.3. The greatest DMD was observed with RAW and was greater than all others (P<.01), followed by SBM which was significantly greater than all but Raw (P<.01). DEX presented the lowest DMD when compared to all other (P<.01). Percent ND values for 24 h for the soy products were: RAW-90.8; SBM-47.0; HT-32.7; MEX-23.7; DEX-16.5; TEX-23.0. The ND for RAW was significantly greater (P<.01) than all others, while the ND for SBM was similar P>.01) to HT but greater (P<.01) than MEX, DEX and TEX. ND for HT, MEX, DEX and TEX were similar (P>.01). Significant differences were observed in DMD and ND of various soybean products. As expected a high degree of degradation and ND was observed with raw soybeans. The application of heat decreased DMD and ND in SBM and application of greater heat (HT, MEX and DEX) and application of heat with moisture (TEX) resulted in products with lower DMD and lower ND. In experiment II) wheat straw acid detergent fiber (ADF) was subjected to in situ DMD and ND studies. Effects of time (612-24 h) and sample weight (1-2-3 grams) were evaluated. A lactating Holstein cow being fed a mixed ration was used. ADF dry matter (DM) weights (after incubation) expressed as a % of the original sample, were as follows: one gram: 101, 110 and 136; two grams: 99, 106 and 110; and three grams: 97, 110 and 114 for 6, 12 and 24 h respectively. The ADF DM weights of the one and two gram samples were significantly higher (P<.05) for 12 and 24 h than 6 h. When sample sizes were combined for each time, comparisons found 24 h to be significantly higher (P<.01) than 6 h. The DM changes were also reflected and magnified in the % N changes in the ADF residues. The amount of N of the one gram ADF samples increased 32% after 6 h, 122% after 12 h and 287% after 24 h (24>12>6-P<.01), and for two grams 29%-6 h, 97%-12 h and 117%-24 h (24>12>6-P<.05), and for three grams 34%-6 h, 140%-12 h and 142%-24 h (24 and 12>6-P<.01). Potential problems with DM and N contamination of ADF residue with in situ studies were demonstrated with small increases in DM weights and larger increases in N content.

The costs incurred by the community resulting from Western Kentucky University’s location – cost of educating children of university related personnel, cost of services provided by the local governments to the university community, and the lost property tax revenue resulting from the tax exemption of university property – were estimated as were the benefits enjoyed by the community as a result of the University’s location – local expenditures, local employment generated by the university’s presence, the university community’s impact on the local banking system’s credit base, and the occupational license tax receipts levied by the city on the university payroll. The local university related expenditures plus the university community’s local tax expenditures were compared to the university related costs to the community to compute a benefit-cost ratio of 6.99 to 1.0 for the Bowling Green – Warren County community. The expenditure habits of university employees and students were estimated from the responses received to questionnaires administered to university employees and students, while the bulk of the information concerned with the university’s costs to the community was obtained from local university and government officials. A business survey was used to determine the economic base of the local economy and to compute a suitable multiplier for the Warren County area. A business survey provided the needed information to estimate the local income generated by the university community. The local income generated was estimated to be $15,440,000. It was established that Western Kentucky University was the largest single generator of jobs, with 19.1 percent of the available local jobs being directly or indirectly attributed to the University.

Fifteen women who identify themselves as lesbians were located through snowball sampling. These women participated in confidential taped interviews and assigned pseudonyms. They were questioned on topics which included growing up gay, family, work relations and friendship associations. It was assumed that life experiences may differ on the basis of social environments. This study focused on the unique experiences of rural lesbians. Erving Goofman’s book, Stigma, provided the theoretical framework utilized in the analysis of lesbian identity management. It also allowed for a discussion of stigma and its effect on lesbians. The women in the study experiencing homosexual feelings during prior to adolescence. Their reactions to these feelings related directly to the amount of stigma that they had internalized. All women in the study developed maintenance strategies that prevented disclosure of their lesbianism. It was found that lesbians often suffer great consequences when their sexuality is disclosed.

When a student at Berea College it occurred to the writer that if the opportunity should ever present itself, she would be interested in knowing more concerning the early struggles and untiring labor of the men who had made possible such a great and unique institution of learning. It is the aim of this paper to treat in a brief and concise way the development of this institution and in particular the part played by John G. Fee. Also it is hoped to furnish an account of the early struggles of this institution that will be of interest to the general reader or public at large.

The purpose of this investigation was to make a study of education in Kentucky, as interpreted by decisions handed down by the Court of Appeals, and to show how these decisions have helped to form our educational policies, and to trace these trends from the first decision of our wise old men to the present. The decisions of the Court of Appeals have helped legislators to formulate the school laws that have been passed and that will be passed in the future. There are too many decisions on education to be discussed at length. Therefore this investigation deals only with decisions concerning the school superintendents, school boards and school districts.

The consensus of recent literature appears to be that drug testing is both legal and valid. However, a testing program can meet legal and technical criteria and still fail to meet organizational objectives because one vital component has been left out – employees’ attitudes. The present study uses data from 148 college juniors and seniors to assess the effects of three hypothetical drug testing policies: (a) consequences of detected drug use (termination vs. rehabilitation), (b) timing of the program (expected interval vs. random interval vs. reasonable cause), and (c) business purpose (weak vs. strong) on attitudes toward drug testing. It was hypothesized that attitudes would be most favorable when testing was for reasonable cause, with a strong business purpose, and detected use resulted in required rehabilitation. Results revealed a significant interaction between business purpose and consequence implying that organizations may reduce negative reactions to drug testing by first having a clear need for drug testing (e.g. in response to an increasing accident rate) and seeking to rehabilitate employees who are detected of using drugs rather than simply terminating them.

Pigs farrowed and reared in metal farrowing stalls were studied to determine the need for iron. Three treatments were studied, namely—T-O (pigs given no iron injection), T-1 (pigs given 1 iron-dextran injection at 2 days of age) and T-2 (pigs given 2 injections of iron-dextran, the first at day 2 and the second at day 7). Hemoglobin levels were analyzed to determine the incorporation of iron in the bloodstream in the form of hemoglobin. Pig weights were used as a measure of production. The hemoglobin levels did not differ (p>0.1) among the 3 treatments at birth, 4 days, 6 days, 2 weeks and 5 weeks of age. However, birth values were higher (p<0.01) than either 4 or 6 day values. In addition, 2 week values were higher (p<0.01) than 4 and 6 day values, but lower than birth values. Five week values were the highest (p<0.01) of all values measured. Weights did not differ among treatment groups at 2 and 5 weeks of age (p>0.1). Results of this study indicate that pigs farrowed and reared in metal farrowing stalls neither benefit in iron level or production from iron-dextran injections.