Kenya's 2010 Constitution marked a significant shift towards decentralised governance and public participation as key drivers of sustainable development (Finch and Omolo, 2015). One of the primary strategies county governments employ to achieve this goal is participatory budgeting (PB), which empowers communities and devolves power to support inclusive and equitable development. Through the Communication for Development lens, this thesis investigates the discourse surrounding participatory budgeting in Makueni County, Kenya. The study examines the communication approaches the county government applies to promote public participation, explores the role of participatory communication in facilitating public engagement in PB, and assesses the inclusivity of participatory approaches. Additionally, the research delves into the opportunities and challenges of integrating digital tools into participatory communication for PB. This aspect of the study is particularly relevant in today's digital age, where digital communication tools have become an essential aspect of communication. The thesis also considers power dynamics, social context, and the appropriate use of digital tools to foster a participatory and inclusive approach for PB.The data collection methods to dissect the research topic included semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Makueni County officials and a focus group discussion with civil society and community members. The findings of this research reveal Makueni County has public participation approach that enjoys strong government backing and efforts to institutionalise PB within the county devolution governance. The county communication approach blends participatory and top-down strategies, dominated by a monologic, one-way flow of information. However, a participatory aspect is also present, facilitated by traditional community platforms and community mobilisation through media and digital tools. While digital platforms are employed, restricted internet coverage and a digital divide hinder their effectiveness. The findings also identify limited youth and civil society participation in the communication approaches further hinder inclusive participation in the PB processes. Despite these challenges, the study suggests that Makueni County's approach is promising for participatory communication. However, to achieve a truly participatory communication approach, the county government needs to refine its communication approach to enhance inclusivity and leverage digital tools to foster effective public participation. This could cultivate transparent, accountable, and participatory communication strategies, that could yield sustainable and equitable outcomes in the participatory budgeting initiative.

Text in English, with abstracts and keywords in English, Zulu and Afrikaans / This qualitative study investigated the information needs and information-seeking behaviour of doctoral students who use smartphones or tablets for learning. Fifteen doctoral students who are registered at the University of Cape Coast were interviewed. Ellis’s (1989) model of information-seeking behaviour guided the study and supported the researcher in developing a model that could be used to acquire an understanding of how mobile technologies influence information needs and information-seeking behaviour. Two contexts influence the participants’ information needs and information-seeking behaviour, namely, the academic context and their everyday life contexts. The interplay between the elements of the context in which participants find themselves and their mental structures appear to influence their information needs and information-seeking behaviour. Most of the participating students do not seem to have the required information literacy skills to seek information in an online environment. The contextual elements that appear to influence the participants’ information needs and searching behaviour include situations in action, academic tasks and information resources. The ability to connect to the Internet and retrieve online sources of information proved to be important. The participants use the mobile devices to retrieve information from the Internet and in some instances from the university library’s resources. Certain device-related characteristics, such as small screens, limited memory space and short battery lifespan, seem to affect the usefulness of mobile devices for information-seeking purposes. The cost of data and an inability to connect to the Internet, due to disruptions in network signals and a lack of Wi-Fi infrastructure, also curb the use of mobile devices. WhatsApp not only provides the participants with the means to share information and discuss their academic tasks, but it also makes collaboration and group work possible. Some of the students lack the required information literacy skills to make optimal use of the library’s resources. Therefore, it would be prudent for the university to include information literacy skills training in the curricula for all levels of study. This requirement should also include doctoral students who have not previously completed an information literacy course. / Lolu cwaningo lohlelo olugxile kwingxoxo beluphenya izidingo zolwazi kanye nezenzo zokucinga ulwazi lwabafundi abakwiziqu zesibili abasebenzisa ama-smartphones noma ama-tablets ukufunda. Abafundi abayishumi nanhlanu abasezingeni leziqu zesibili abazibhalise kwi-University of Cape Coast bebehlolwa ngokwezimvo. Imodeli ka-Ellis (1989) yezenzo ezihlose ukufumana ulwazi ihole ucwaningo futhi yaxhasa umcwaningi ekuthuthukisweni kwemodeli engasetshenziswa ukuthola ulwazi olumayelana nokuthi ngabe izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi yefowunu zithinta kanjani izidingo zolwazi kanye nezenzo ezihlose ukuthola ulwazi. Izizinda ezimbili zinomthelela phezu kolwazi lwabadlalindima kanye nokuziphatha okuhlose ukuthola ulwazi, zona yilezi yisizinda sezemfundo kanye nezizinda ezimayelana nempilo yabo yansuku zonke. Ukuhlangana phakathi kwezinhlaka ezimayelana nesizinda abadlalindima abazithola ngaphakathi kwaso kanye nokuhleleka kwemiqondo yabo kubonakala kunomthelela phezu kwezidingo zabo zolwazi kanye nokuziphatha okuhlose ukuthola ulwazi. Iningi labafundi abadlala indima alibonakali lifuna amakhono olwazi lokufunda ukuze bacinge ulwazi kwisizinda kwu-inthanethi. Izinhlaka zesizinda ezibonakala zithinta izidingo zolwazi lwabadlalindima kanye nezenzo zokusesha zifaka izimo kwimisebenzi yezenzo zemfundo kanye nemithombo yolwazi. Ikhono lokuxhumanisa i-inthanethi kanye nokuvumbulula imithombo ye-inthanethi kukhombisa kusemqoka kakhulu. Abadlalindima basebenzisa izixhobo zomakhalekhukhwini ukulandelela ulwazi ku Inthanethi, kanti kwezinye izimo, ukuthola ulwazi kwimithombo eyithala lezincwadi yasenyuvesi. Yize-kunjalo, izimpawu ezithile ezihlobene nezixhobo, ezingamasikirini amancane, isikhala esincane sokugcina ulwazi kanye nempilo emfushane yebhediri, kubonakala kuthinta izinga lokusebenziseka kwezixhobo ezingomakhalekhukhwini ngezinhloso zokucinga ulwazi. Izindleko zedatha kanye nokungakwazi ukuxhumana nge Inthanethi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwamasiginali obuxhakaxhaka benediweki kanye nokwentuleka kwengqalasizinda ye Wi-Fi kanti futhi nokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezixhobo ezingomakhalekhukhwini. Uhlelo lwe-WhatsApp aluhlinzeka kuphela abadlalindima ngamasu okuphana ngolwazi kanye nokuxoxa ngemisebenzi yezemfundo, kanti futhi yenza ukuthi kube nokusebenzisana kanye nokuthi iqembu likwazi ukusebenza. Abanye babafundi baswela amakhono wokufunda adingekayo ukuze bakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokusezingeni eliphezulu kwemithombo yethala lezincwadi. Ngakho-ke, bekungaba kuhle kwinyuvesi ukuthi izinhlelo zokuqeqesha mayelana namakhono olwazi lokufunda kwikharikhulamu yawo wonke amazing ocwaningo. Lezi zinhlelo ezifunekayo kufanele futhi zisebenze kubafundi beziqu zesibili abangakaze esikahthini esedlule baphothule isifundo sokuthola ulwazi. / Hierdie kwalitatiewe studie het ondersoek ingestel na die inligtingsbehoeftes en inligtingsoekgedrag van doktorale studente wat slimfone of tablette vir hul studie gebruik. Onderhoude is gevoer met vyftien doktorale studente wat by die University of Cape Coast geregistreer is. Ellis (1989) se model van inligtingsoekgedrag het die studie gerig en het die navorser ondersteun in die ontwikkeling van ’n model wat gebruik kan word om ’n begrip te vorm van hoe mobiele tegnologieë inligtingsbehoeftes en inligtingsoekgedrag beïnvloed. Twee kontekste affekteer die deelnemers se inligtingsbehoeftes en inligtingsoekgedrag, naamlik die akademiese konteks en die konteks van hul daaglikse lewe. Dit wil voorkom of die wisselwerking tussen die elemente van die konteks waarin deelnemers hulself bevind, asook hul verstandelike strukture, hul inligtingsbehoeftes en inligtingsoekgedrag beïnvloed. Die meeste van die deelnemende studente beskik klaarblyklik nie oor die nodige inligtingsgeletterdheidsvaardighede om in ’n aanlyn omgewing vir inligting te soek nie. Die kontekstuele elemente wat skynbaar die deelnemers se inligtingsbehoeftes en -soekgedrag beïnvloed, sluit situasies in aksie- akademiese take en inligtingshulpbronne in. Daar is bevind dat die vermoë om tot die internet te koppel en aanlyn inligtingsbronne te verkry, belangrik is. Die deelnemers gebruik die mobiele apparate om inligting van die internet, en in sommige gevalle, van die universiteit se biblioteekhulpbronne te verkry. Sommige apparaatkenmerke soos klein skerms, beperkte geheuespasie en kort batterylewe blyk ‘n uitwerking op die bruikbaarheid van mobiele apparate vir inligtingsoekdoeleindes te hê. Die koste van data en ’n onvermoë om tot die internet te koppel vanweë onderbrekings in netwerksein en ’n gebrek aan Wi-Fi infrastruktuur belemmer ook die gebruik van mobiele apparate. WhatsApp bied nie net aan die deelnemers ’n manier om inligting te deel en hul akademiese take te bespreek nie; dit maak ook samewerking en groepwerk moontlik. Sommige van die studente beskik nie oor die nodige inligtingsgeletterdheidvaardighede om die biblioteek se hulpbronne optimaal te kan benut nie. Daarom sal dit wys wees as die universiteit opleiding in inligtingsgeletterdheidvaardighede in die kurrikula vir alle studievlakke insluit. Hierdie vereiste moet ook geld vir nagraadse studente wat nie vantevore ’n kursus in inligtingsgeletterdheid voltooi het nie. / Information Science / D. Litt et Phil. (Information Science)

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-09-21T12:29:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Frederico Chaves Sampaio Júnior.pdf: 4036790 bytes, checksum: 7de09a8ef9c12f525b2cd9576a4bbc95 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T12:29:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Frederico Chaves Sampaio Júnior.pdf: 4036790 bytes, checksum: 7de09a8ef9c12f525b2cd9576a4bbc95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aimed to investigate students' perceptions about the use of WhatsApp in a Spanish for Specific Purposes (SSP) course for tourism guides. For that, before the course, I identified how the tourism guides of the state of Sergipe used the WhatsApp social network in their work context, in addition to their digital profile. The work mixes the approach of teaching of Languages for Specific Purposes (HUTCHINSON e WATERS, 1987; HOLMES, 1981; CELANI, 1988; DUDLEY-EVANS; ST. JOHN, 1998; BELTRÁN, 2000, 2004; RAMOS, 2004; 2005; VIAN JR, 2008), with the social networks applied to education (CROSS, 1998; URRUTIA, 2010; PONCE, 2012; MATTAR, 2013; ARGÜELLES, 2013; RAMBE; CHIPUNZA, 2013; ABIO, 2014a, 2014b, 2014c; BANSAL; JOSHI, 2014; PAYÁ, 2014; MARÍN, 2014; OLIVEIRA, 2014; MIRANDA, 2015). The course was free, mediated by smartphones with WhatsApp installed, taught under the pedagogical guidance of the flipped classroom (BERGMANN; SAMS, 2012; SCHELL, 2013; VALENTE, 2014; MATTAR; MORÁN, 2014; TOURÓN; SANTIAGO; DÍEZ, 2014; PAULA; AZEVEDO, 2015; AZEVEDO, 2015; RAMAL, 2015; VOSGUERAU; SPINASSE; RODRIGUES, 2015, PAULA, 2015; MENDONZA, 2015). This course had as its target audience tourism guides that were in service and in pre-service in the state of Sergipe. This is a qualitative research through the case study research strategy (STAKE,1998; DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2006; YIN, 2010; STAKE, 2011). The results of this research demonstrated that the internet and smartphone configurations used by the students; the adequacy of work tasks and the availability of the teacher to the students in an asynchronous and especially synchronous way, together with the pedagogical practices of the flipped classroom are fundamental for an efficient teaching-learning process with the use of Whatsapp / Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as percepções de alunos sobre o uso do WhatsApp em um curso de Espanhol para Fins Específicos (EFE) para guias de turismo. Para isso, antes do curso, identifiquei como os guias de turismo do estado de Sergipe utilizavam a rede social WhatsApp em seu contexto laboral, além de seu perfil tecnológico. O trabalho mescla a abordagem de ensino de Línguas para Fins Específicos (HUTCHINSON; WATERS, 1987; HOLMES, 1981; CELANI, 1988; DUDLEY-EVANS; ST. JOHN, 1998; BELTRÁN, 2000, 2004; RAMOS, 2004, 2005; VIAN JR, 2008), com a vertente de redes sociais aplicadas à educação (CROSS, 1998; URRUTIA, 2010; PONCE, 2012; MATTAR, 2013; ARGÜELLES, 2013; RAMBE; CHIPUNZA, 2013; ABIO, 2014a, 2014b, 2014c; BANSAL; JOSHI, 2014; PAYÁ, 2014; MARÍN, 2014; OLIVEIRA, 2014; MIRANDA, 2015). O curso foi de extensão, mediado por smartphones com o WhatsApp instalado, ministrado sob a orientação pedagógica sala de aula invertida (BERGMANN; SAMS, 2012; SCHELL, 2013; VALENTE, 2014; MATTAR; MORÁN, 2014; TOURÓN; SANTIAGO; DÍEZ, 2014; PAULA; AZEVEDO, 2015; AZEVEDO, 2015; RAMAL, 2015; VOSGUERAU; SPINASSE, RODRIGUES, 2015, PAULA, 2015; MENDONZA, 2015). Esse curso teve como público alvo guias de turismo que estavam em serviço e em pré-serviço no estado de Sergipe. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa por intermédio da estratégia de pesquisa de estudo de caso (STAKE,1998; DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2006; YIN, 2010; STAKE, 2011). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de gravações de áudio das entrevistas, questionários e registro das comunicações via WhatsApp. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram que as configurações de internet e dos smartphones utilizados pelos alunos; a adequação das tarefas laborais e a disponibilidade do professor para com os alunos de forma assíncrona e, especialmente, síncrona, juntamente com as práticas pedagógicas da sala de aula invertida são fundamentais para um processo de ensino-aprendizagem eficiente com o uso do Whatsapp

Submitted by Alexander Silva (alexandersilva.07@gmail.com) on 2016-07-28T16:58:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Segurança_Colaborativa_FGV_Alexander_Final.pdf: 1687290 bytes, checksum: 1b9834124f969ff9bd2a4ba99c197369 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2016-07-28T19:23:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Segurança_Colaborativa_FGV_Alexander_Final.pdf: 1687290 bytes, checksum: 1b9834124f969ff9bd2a4ba99c197369 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-08-02T17:28:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Segurança_Colaborativa_FGV_Alexander_Final.pdf: 1687290 bytes, checksum: 1b9834124f969ff9bd2a4ba99c197369 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T17:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Segurança_Colaborativa_FGV_Alexander_Final.pdf: 1687290 bytes, checksum: 1b9834124f969ff9bd2a4ba99c197369 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / Este estudo objetiva compreender como a Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro pode se valer das redes sociais para potencializar a interlocução com a sociedade e aprimorar seu trabalho e gerando valor público. O referencial teórico buscou contextualizar um panorama privilegiado nesse estudo, considerando o ambiente potencializador de interações propiciado pelas redes sociais e a visão da aplicação no campo da segurança. Foram considerados fatores como a evolução da visão sobre o trabalho policial voltado para a área de segurança, evolução esta motivada pela inserção de conceitos voltados para o pleno exercício da cidadania, para a necessidade de colaboração social nas atividades estatais como caminho para atingir as necessidades das pessoas e realização do trabalho dos órgãos estatais, bem como a forma que este envolvimento social tem se dado no contexto recente na Polícia Militar do Estado, analisada a partir de seus exemplos operacionais observados no campo da segurança, a indicação de uma terminologia própria para o momento de envolvimento desses conceitos no campo da segurança, agregando ferramentas e conceitos voltados a Governança Pública e a utilização das redes sociais através do aplicativo WhatsApp, visto ser este aplicativo um dos de maior alcance no contexto nacional e que reúne características próprias ao escopo da pesquisa. Adicionalmente e buscando entender as práticas organizacionais vivenciadas pela utilização das redes sociais através do WhatsApp, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com empresas de comunicação e Unidades Policiais com experiência no assunto, o que propiciou um mapeamento das motivações para utilização das redes sociais, suas formas de operação, bem como dificuldades enfrentadas nesta utilização e resultados para os propósitos das organizações. Além dos resultados apresentados neste estudo, as revelações do campo e suas correlações, propiciaram a elaboração de linha mestra para emprego da ferramenta no contexto da Polícia Militar como parte das implicações do estudo. O estudo demonstrou que as redes sociais são úteis como ferramenta para a interlocução social, entre a Polícia Militar e a sociedade, destacando sua capacidade no campo da prevenção e melhoria da capacidade governamental na segurança. / This study aims to understand how the State Military Police of Rio de Janeiro can take advantage of social networks to enhance the dialogue with society and improve their work and generating public value. The theoretical framework sought to contextualize a privileged panorama in this study, considering the interactions of potentiating environment fostered by social networks and the implementation of the vision in the security field. Factors were considered as the evolution of views on the facing police work for the security area, motivated by inserting oriented concepts to the full exercise of citizenship, the need for social collaboration in state activities as a way to meet the people’s needs and realization of the state work and how this social involvement has occurred in the recent context of the State Military Police, analyzed from its operational examples observed in the security field, the indication of a proper terminology for moment of involvement of these concepts in the field of security, adding tools and concepts involved in Public Governance and the use of social networks through the WhatsApp application, since this application is one of the most far-reaching in the national context and that brings its own characteristics to the search scope . Additionally, and in order to understand the organizational practices experienced by the use of social networks through WhatsApp, semi-structured interviews were conducted with media companies and Police Units with experience in the subject, which provided a mapping of the motivations for using social networks, their ways of operation as well as difficulties in this use and results for the purposes of the organization. Beyond the results presented in this study, the revelations of the field and their correlations, led to the development of guideline for use of the tool in the context of the Military Police as part of the implications of the study. The study showed that social networks are useful as a tool for social dialogue between the military police and society, highlighting its capacity in the field of prevention and improved government capacity in security.

El presente artículo aborda el tema de la difusión de la cultura mediante medios digitales principalmente WhatsApp, este último será la plataforma que será investigada a mayor profundidad para conocer cómo se maneja dentro de las empresas industriales en una coyuntura de COVID-19 y cuál es su función. Esta investigación toma en cuenta el rol de la comunicación interna y digital de una empresa, enfocado en conocer si esta comunicación llega a ser coherente con la cultura organizacional. Se considera relevante esta investigación porque de esta forma se detectará el uso interno y percepción de WhatsApp como medio de comunicación en la difusión de la cultura organizacional, de esta forma, detectar oportunidades de mejora para el mejor funcionamiento de la comunicación interna. Se pretende identificar los principales canales digitales de comunicación interna, además de sus funciones y también, el rol que esta tiene como difusora de la cultura organizacional. La metodología a utilizar será la naturalista y se enfocará en una investigación cualitativa tomando en cuenta, entrevistas a líderes del área de comunicaciones y cultura y además, entrevistas a operarios industriales. Por esa razón, el objetivo de esta investigación se concentra específicamente en determinar el rol que cumple WhatsApp como medio de comunicación en la difusión de la cultura organizacional del sector industrial. / This article will explore the topic of cultural spreading through digital platforms such as WhatsApp. It will mainly focus on WhatsApp in order to recognize how enterprises utilize it in a situation of COVID-19 and its principal functions within them. This research takes into account the role of digital and internal communications of an enterprise, and focuses in finding if said types of communications are coherent and utilized in a strategic manner with the organizational culture. These findings are relevant because by showing how WhatsApp as a means of communication will be detected in the dissemination of the organizational culture of companies in the industrial sector, in this way, detect opportunities for improvement for the better functioning of communication internal. Similarly, this article pretends to identify the main digital networks for internal communication in addition to their functions and also the role that it has as a diffuser of the organizational culture. Therefore, the methodology used in this research is methodological naturalism and it will focus on a qualitative investigation focusing in interviews with leaders in the area of communications and culture and also interviews with industrial operators. For this reason, the objective of this article is to determine the role that WhatsApp has as a social platform in the diffusion of organizational culture within the industrial sector. / Trabajo de investigación

Abstracts in English, Zulu and Setswana / This study investigated the feasibility of using WhatsApp Messenger as a tool to enhance the professional identity and inquiry-based pedagogy through the professional development of university chemistry teachers. The epistemological interpretive paradigm was used to guide the study. The study assumed a naturalistic, exploratory investigation. The qualitative research methodology was used to conduct the study. Nine university teachers were purposively sampled from three universities (three teachers from each university) for the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and focus group discussions. Data analysis was completed using the thematic networks analysis. Ethics considerations were observed by not disclosing personal information of the participants or information about the universities where they represented. This study was guided by four theoretical underpinnings: the connectivism theory, the transformative learning theory, the expectancy-value theory, and the dual systems theory. The primary research question guiding this study was: How does the professional identity of university chemistry teachers develop as they learn IBP through WhatsApp Messenger? A two-pronged approach was used in the research: (1) comparing the professional identity of the teachers before and after the course, and (2) observing and describing the professional identity process as the teachers undertook the course. The results from the interviews conducted before the teachers undertook the WhatsApp Messenger-based IBP course showed that most teachers had a negative professional identity. They had become teachers for a variety of reasons, but they did not consider themselves teachers and believed they would leave university teaching if opportunities arose in the industry. They had no formal qualifications in pedagogy, and they did not believe that such knowledge was necessary. The majority of these teachers used teacher-centred approaches. Results from participant observations during the WhatsApp Messenger-based IBP course showed that the course slowly imparted to the teachers the norms associated with not only IBP, but other teaching approaches as well. WhatsApp Messenger provided a flexible online platform where the teachers interacted and exchanged ideas without the need to meet in a physical space. The results from the interviews conducted after the teachers participated in the WhatsApp Messenger-based IBP course showed that the participants' professional identity had changed positively. They now recognised the importance of pedagogy in teaching, they positively identified with the teaching profession, and some were considering acquiring formal qualifications in pedagogy. / Lolu cwaningo beluphenya ithuba lokusetshenziswa kwangempela kwe-WhatsApp Messenger njengethuluzi lokuqinisa isithombe sesisebenzi kanye nohlelo lokufundisa olwencike phezu kophenyo lothisha besifundo seKhemistri (chemistry) enyuvesi, ngohlelo lokuthuthukisa abasebenzi. Uhlelo lwepharadayimu echazayo ye-ephistemoloji lwasetshenziswa ukuhlahla indlela yesifundo, okuyindlela enqume ukulandela indlela yemvelo, ephenyayo. Umethodoloji wocwaningo olwencike kuKhwalithi (Qualitative) lusetshenzisiwe ukwenza ucwaningo, ndawonye nothisha basemanyuvesi ayisishiyagalolunye abakhethwe ngenhloso kumanyuvesi amathathu (abathathu kwinyuvesi eyodwa). Idatha yaqoqwa ngokusebenzisa izinhlolovo ezimbaxambili (semi-structured interviews), ngokubheka izenzo zomdlalindima (participant observation) kanye nezingxoxo zeqembu eliqondiwe (focus group discussions), kanti ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kwenziwa kwaqedwa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlaziya oluwuthungelelwano lwendikimba (thematic network analysis). Kubonakele ukulandelwa komgomo wokuziphatha ngokungadaluli ulwazi lomuntu ongumdlalindima noma ulwazi olumayelana namanyuvesi ababewameleyo. Ucwaningo beluholwa yizinhlaka ezine zethiyori: i-connectivism theory, i-transformative learning theory, i-expectancy-value theory kanye nama-dual systems theory. Umbuzo wokuqala wezocwaningo ohola ucwaningo bewuthi: Ngabe isithombe sobizo lobuthishela wekhemistri enyuvesi sithuthukiswa kanjani ngesikhathi befunda uhlelo lwemfundo eyencike ekuphenyeni (inquiry-based pedagogy (IBP) ngokusebenzisa i-WhatsApp Messenger? Indlela embaxambili iye yasetshenziswa: 1) ukuqhathanisa isithombe sobizo lobuthishela ngaphambi nangemuva kwesifundo,, kanye no-2) baqhathanisa isithombe sobizo lobuthishela sothisha ngaphambi nangemuva kwesifundo, kanye no 2) babheke futhi bachaza uhlelo lwezimpawu zokwakha isithombe sobizo lobuthishela njengoba othisha baye badlala indima kulesi sifundo. Imiphumela evela kwizinhlolovo ezenziwe ngaphambi kokuba othisha bahambele isifundo se-WhatsApp Messenger-based IBP, ikhombise ukuthi iningi lothisha libe nesithombe sobizo esibi. Baye bafundela ubuthishela ngezizathu ezahlukahlukile, kodwa abakaze bazibona bangothisha futhi baye bacabanga ukuyeka inyuvesi uma ngabe kuvela amathuba kwimboni. Abakaze babe neziqu zokufundisa, kanti abazange bakholwe ukuthi ulwazi olunjalo kwakunesidingo sokuba nalo, kanti iningi lothisha lwalandela indlela izindlela ezencike kuthisha. Imiphumela evela ekubukeni izenzo zothisha ngesikhathi sesifundo se-IBP ikhombise ukuthi isifundo kancane kancane sinikeze othisha izimfundiso ezithile, kanti futhi nezinye izindlela zokufundisa. Uhlelo lwe-WhatsApp Messenger lunikeze inkundla ye- inthanethi engenamngcele lapho othisha bebahlangana futhi baphakelane ngemibono nhlangothi zombili ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlangana endaweni ephathekayo. Ngemuva kwesifundo se-IBP abadlalindima baye babika ukuthi babone izithombe zobizo lwabo zizinhle kakhulu. Manje sebeyakwazi ukubaluleka kwendlela yephedagogi ekufundiseni, bazibona behambisane kahle kakhulu nobizo lobuthishela. Kanti abanye baze bacabanga ukuthola ezinye iziqu ezisemthethweni zobizo lobuthisha. / Thuto e, e dirile dipatlisiso tsa kgonagalo tsa go dirisa WhattsApp Messenger jaaka sediriso sa go tlotlomatsa tlhaolo ya borutegi le potsiso theo ya thuto ya sekolo ya barutabana ba Yunibesithi ba thuto ya khemise, ka tlhabololo ya borutegi. Go dirisitswe pharataeme ya phetolo ya episitemoloji go kaela thuto e e tsaletseng botlhagiso jwa tlhago le tlhotlhomiso. Thutatsela ya patlisiso e e boleng e ne ya dirisiwa go tsamaisa thuto, le barutabana ba ba robongwe ba diyunibesithi tse di neng di na le maikemisetso a bosupi go tswa mo diyunibesithi tse tharo (ba bararo go tswa mo go nngwe le nngwe ya tsona). Didatha di ne di kgobokantswe ka seka-popego sa dipuisano, kelotlhokomelo ya batsayakarolo le tsepamiso ya setlhopha sa dipuisano, fa tshekatsheko ya datha e feditswe ka go dirisa tshekatsheko ya kgokagano ya thitokgang. Kelotlhoko ya maitshwaro e ne e na le tlhokomelo ka go se senole tshedimosetso ya batsayakarolo kgotsa tshedimosetso ka diyunibesthi tse e leng baemedi ba tsona. Thuto e ne e kaelwa ke metheo e mene ya tiori: tiori ya kopano, tiori ya phetogo ya thuto, tiori ya boleng jo bo solofetsweng le tiori ya thulaganyo. Potso e kgolo ya patlisiso e e kaelang thuto e ne e le: tlhaolo ya borutegi e gola jaang mo barutabaneng ba yunibesithi ba thuto ya Khemise fa ba ithuta thuto ka theo-potsiso ya petakoji (IBP) ka WhatsApp Messenger? Go thapilwe tlhagiso e e tlhagelelang gabedi 1) go farologanya tlhaolo ya barutabana pele le morago ga khoso le 2) go ela tlhoko le go tlhalosa tshedimosetso ya tlhaolo ya borutegi jaaka barutabana ba batsayakarolo mo khosong. Dipholo tsa tsamaiso ya potsotherisano e e neng e le teng pele ga go tsena khoso ya WhatsApp Messenger-based IBP, di bontsha gore ba bantsi ba na le tlhaolo ya borutegi jo bo sa siamang. Ba ne ba nna barutabana ka mabaka a a rileng a a sa tshwaneng fela ba sa ipone sentle jaaka barutabana, ka megopolo ya go tlogela Yunibesithi fa ditšhono tsa intasetari di tlhagelela. Ba ne ba sena boatlhodi jwa semmuso ba petakoji, mme ba ne ba sa dumele gore kitso e jaana e a tlhokagala, ka bone bontsi bo ne bo tsaletswe ditlhagiso tsa go tsepama mo borutabaneng. Dipholo tsa kelotlhoko ya batsayakarolo mo nakong ya khoso ya IBP di bontsha gore khoso e e neetse barutabana ditlwaelo tse di rileng tse di sa tsamaisaneng fela le IBP gape le ditlhagiso tse dingwe tsa borutabana. WhatsApp Messenger e kgona go abelana mo polatefomong e e bonolo ya inthanete mo barutabaneng ba ba tlhaeletsanang le go abelana dikakanyo kwa ntle ga tlhokego ya go kopana mo lefelong ka sebele. Morago ga khoso ya IBP batsayakarolo ba begile gore ba leba ditlhaolo tsa bone tsa borutegi ka letshwao la koketso. Jaanong ba lemogile botlhokwa jwa petakoji mo go ruteng, se se tlhagisiwa ka letshwao la koketso mo boruteging jwa go ruta, ba bangwe ba ntse ba akanya go nna le boatlhodi jwa semmuso ka mo petakoji. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Phil. (Curriculum Studies)

Mobile learning has developed into an essential component within the education landscape and, with two billion users worldwide, the social media platform WhatsApp has become a prominent feature in this domain. Nevertheless, with ambiguity in the literature about the effects of WhatsApp on teaching and learning and especially a paucity of research measuring collaboration on WhatsApp in relation to students’ academic achievement. The purpose of the study was to explain and predict WhatsApp’s effect on academic achievement using a quantitative questionnaire. The results suggest that increased collaboration on WhatsApp may improve academic achievement. Additionally, improving other aspects, such as active learning, trust, support, formality, interaction and interdependence, may enhance collaboration and, in turn, improve academic achievement. The study has value by providing measurable scientific evidence about the effects of WhatsApp on learning that can be incorporated into the design of teaching and learning activities with WhatsApp to improve academic achievement. / Uhlelo lokufunda uhamba (Mobile learning) selikhule ladlondlobala laba yisigaba esibalulekile ngaphansi komkhakha wemfundo kanti, lolu hlelo selunabasebenzisi abangamabhiliyoni amabili emhlabeni wonke jikelele, uhlelo lwenkundla yezokuxhumana komphakathi lwe-WhatsApp seluyinkanyezi egqamile kulesi sizinda. Yize-kunjalo, kukhona okungacaci kahle mayelana nombhalo wobuciko kwimiphumela yohlelo lwe-WhatsApp mayelana nokufundisa kanye nokufunda, kanti ikakhulu, uhlelo lwezocwaningo olulinganisa izinga lokusebenzisana kohlelo lwe-WhatsApp okumayelana nokuphumelela kwabafundi kwizifundo zabo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwaye kuwukuchaza kanye nokuhlahla umphumela wohlelo lwe-WhatsApp kwezemfundo, ngokusebenzisa uhlelo locwaningo lwemibuzo egxile kumanani (quantitative questionnaire) . Imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi izinga lokusbenzisana ohlelweni lwe-WhatsApp lungathuthukisa umphumela wezemfundo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lungathuthukisa ezinye izinhlaka, ezinjengohlelo lokufunda olumatasa. Lungaletha ukwethembana, ukuxhasana, ukwenza izinto ngendlela esemthethweni, lungaletha ukuxoxisana kanye nokusebenzisana kwangaphakathi, lungaqinisa ukusebenzisana, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, lungaletha impumelelo kwezemfundo. Ucwaningo lubalulekile ngoba lunikeza ubufakazi bezesayensi obulinganisekayo mayelana nemithelela yohlelo lwe-WhatsApp ohlelweni lokufunda, okuwuhlelo olungafakwa ngaphansi kohlelo lokudizayina imisebenzi yohlelo lokufunda nokufundisa ku-WhatsApp ukuthuthukisa ukwenza ngcono imiphumela yezemfundo. / Mobiele leer het in ’n noodsaaklike komponent van die onderwyslandskap ontwikkel en met twee miljard gebruikers wêreldwyd, het die sosiale mediaplatform WhatsApp ’n prominente kenmerk van hierdie domein geword. Nogtans bestaan daar dubbelsinnigheid in die letterkunde oor die uitwerking van WhatsApp op onderrig en leer, en is daar veral ’n gebrek aan navorsing wat die samewerking op WhatsApp in verhouding tot die studente se akademiese prestasies meet. Die doel van hierdie studie was om WhatsApp se uitwerking op akademiese prestasie aan die hand van ’n kwantitatiewe vraelys te verduidelik en te voorspel. Die resultate stel voor dat ’n groter mate van samewerking op WhatsApp akademiese prestasie kan verbeter. Dit kan ook ander aspekte soos aktiewe leer, vertroue, ondersteuning, formaliteit, interaksie en onderlinge afhanklikheid verbeter en kan samewerking verhoog, wat op sy beurt akademiese prestasie kan verbeter. Die studie is waardevol in die sin dat dit meetbare, wetenskaplike bewyse oor die uitwerking van WhatsApp op leer verskaf het, wat by die ontwerp van onderrig- en leeraktiwiteite geïnkorporeer kan word om akademiese prestasie te verbeter. / School of Computing / M. Tech. (Information Technology)

Students in Open Distance Learning (ODL) face a myriad of challenges including a low proficiency in English. While research has identified vocabulary as important in improving language proficiency and the pertinent role of interaction in vocabulary development, there remains a dearth of research on how to enhance vocabulary in ODL, a context which is characterised by the distance between students and the institution. In searching for an intervention that would support vocabulary development, including interaction, while taking cognisance of the distance between students and lecturers, this study explored the use of mobile learning (mlearning). Because mlearning technologies offer ubiquitous flexibility and accessibility, they were deemed fit for purpose for ODL which is established on the principles of openness, flexibility and student‐centredness. Using the design‐based research (DBR) method within a pragmatic paradigm, this study designed, implemented and evaluated mobile‐based interventions for vocabulary development. The first phase of the study involved the analysis of the problem through a literature review. The literature and theoretical framework were used to ground the second phase of DBR, which included the development of the intervention prototype in the form of a mobile‐based vocabulary development app called VocUp. The intervention was implemented, tested and refined in three iteration stages, which formed the third phase of DBR. The iterations included a VocUp only stage, followed by a WhatsApp only stage, and ended with a VocUp plus WhatsApp stage. The last phase of DBR involved a reflection and a production of artefacts and guidelines for practice in ODL. Data were collected through interviews and WhatsApp chats from students registered for a first‐year English module. The results were 1) that vocabulary should be explicitly taught, allow for rehearsal opportunities and contain assessment while acknowledging the instrumental role of interaction; 2) mobile interventions should balance the pedagogic benefits with the technological qualities; and 3) the advantages and challenges of using WhatsApp and VocUp can be successfully combined into a hybrid model of both platforms. This study’s contribution to the body to knowledge includes the newly‐designed VocUp as an artefact; a revised model of the CoI theoretical framework called MODeL as well as principles guiding the application of the MODeL in authentic ODL contexts. / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (English)