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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Breeding Success And Reproductive Behavior In A White Stork ( Ciconia Ciconia) Colony In Ankara

Gocek, Cagri 01 September 2006 (has links) (PDF)
White Stork ( Ciconia ciconia, Linnaeus, 1758) is a summer visitor and passage migrant in Turkey. Although being widespread in summer near wetlands of Turkey, except for the eastern and western parts of the Black Sea Region, there has been no research on this species involving regular monitoring of nests. In this study, breeding success and survival of nestlings in a population in Kizilcahamam-Ankara as well as behavioral differences among nests and their probable consequences on breeding success were studied. Regular field observations throughout six-month long breeding seasons between 2003 and 2006 were carried out to determine parent and young behavior patterns at nest. Clutch size, and numbers of chicks hatched and fledged fluctuated throughout 2003-2006 for pairs that bred while fledgling success (average fledgling per successful nests with egg laid) were 2.63 in 2003, 3.82 in 2004, 1.89 in 2005 and 3.13 in 2006. These values are in good agreement with those recorded in northern Europe. The relationship between beginning date of incubation and both clutch size and brood size were found to be different for 2004 and 2005. Such a relationship may be significant in breeding seasons colder than usual. For 2004 and 2005, the amount of food brought and caring towards young by parents were compared with breeding success (proportion of hatched young that were fledged), and breeding success was found to increase with increasing amount of food provisioning. However, this result may be suggested to be related with weather conditions. In conclusion, Kizilcahamam White Stork population has been found to be not restricted by food or nest site availability and with a reproductive output above the European average, although annual climatic stochasticity was found to affect reproductive output.
2

Baltojo gandro (Ciconia ciconia)statusas ir veisimosi buveinės pasirinkimo ypatumai Kėdainių rajone / Status and the choice of habitation of the white stork (Ciconia ciconia) in Kedainiai district

Diliūnaitė, Agnė 09 June 2005 (has links)
White stork can be noticed in the whole territory of Lithuania. Many people don’t consider the danger to this species and the importance to human living environment. I investigated the status and the choice of habitation of the white stork while the intensity of agriculture is reduced. At the beginning of the last century the number of white storks decreased, but now, when the intensity of agriculture reduced, the population of white storks is increasing. The research performed during summer of 2004 in Kedainiai district, testifies that. In comparison with 1994-1995 year accounting results, white stork population largely increased. In 1994-1995 year there were 212 nests found only and in 2004 year – 363 nests. There was identified that forest areas, hydrographical net and agriculture have a strong impact to the choice of habitation. Human activities perform top influence to it. White stork can be reasonably considered as an indicator of ecological agriculture.
3

White storks (Ciconia ciconia) of Eastern Germany: age-dependent breeding ability, and age- and density-dependent effects on dispersal behavior

Itonaga, Naomi January 2009 (has links)
Dispersal behavior plays an important role for the geographical distribution and population structure of any given species. Individual’s fitness, reproductive and competitive ability, and dispersal behavior can be determined by the age of the individual. Age-dependent as well as density-dependent dispersal patterns are common in many bird species. In this thesis, I first present age-dependent breeding ability and natal site fidelity in white storks (Ciconia ciconia); migratory birds breeding in large parts of Europe. I predicted that both the proportion of breeding birds and natal site fidelity increase with the age. After the seventies of the last century, following a steep population decline, a recovery of the white stork population has been observed in many regions in Europe. Increasing population density in the white stork population in Eastern Germany especially after 1983 allowed examining density- as well as age-dependent breeding dispersal patterns. Therefore second, I present whether: young birds show more often and longer breeding dispersal than old birds, and frequency of dispersal events increase with the population density increase, especially in the young storks. Third, I present age- and density-dependent dispersal direction preferences in the give population. I asked whether and how the major spring migration direction interacts with dispersal directions of white storks: in different age, and under different population densities. The proportion of breeding individuals increased in the first 22 years of life and then decreased suggesting, the senescent decay in aging storks. Young storks were more faithful to their natal sites than old storks probably due to their innate migratory direction and distance. Young storks dispersed more frequently than old storks in general, but not for longer distance. Proportion of dispersing individuals increased significantly with increasing population densities indicating, density- dependent dispersal behavior in white storks. Moreover, the finding of a significant interaction effects between the age of dispersing birds and year (1980–2006) suggesting, older birds dispersed more from their previous nest sites over time due to increased competition. Both young and old storks dispersed along their spring migration direction; however, directional preferences were different in young storks and old storks. Young storks tended to settle down before reaching their previous nest sites (leading to the south-eastward dispersal) while old birds tended to keep migrating along the migration direction after reaching their previous nest sites (leading to the north-westward dispersal). Cues triggering dispersal events may be age-dependent. Changes in the dispersal direction over time were observed. Dispersal direction became obscured during the second half of the observation period (1993–2006). Increase in competition may affect dispersal behavior in storks. I discuss the potential role of: age for the observed age-dependent dispersal behavior, and competition for the density dependent dispersal behavior. This Ph.D. thesis contributes significantly to the understanding of population structure and geographical distribution of white storks. Moreover, presented age- and density (competition)-dependent dispersal behavior helps understanding underpinning mechanisms of dispersal behavior in bird species. / Das Verständnis der Mechanismen, die dem Ausbreitungsverhalten und der Wahl des Neststandorts zugrunde liegen, gibt wichtige Einsichten in Strukturen und Dynamiken von Tierpopulationen. Der Gesundheitszustand, die Produktivität und Konkurrenzfähigkeit sowie das Ausbreitungsverhalten eines Individuums können über das Alter ermittelt werden. Alters- und dichteabhängige Veränderungen in Verbreitungsmustern kommen bei vielen Vogelarten vor. In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir zunächst den Effekt des Alters auf die Reproduktivität, auf die Wahl des Neststandorts sowie auf die Geburtsorttreue des Weißstorchs (Ciconia ciconia). Wir fragten, ob sowohl der Anteil der brütenden Individuen als auch die Geburtsorttreue mit dem Alter zunimmt. Weißstörche sind Zugvögel, die während der Migration zumeist segelnd die Thermik nutzen und in weiten Teilen Europas brüten. Nach einem starken Bestandsrückgang konnte in vielen Regionen Europas ab den 1970er Jahren wieder ein positiver Trend in der Populationsentwicklung beobachtet werden. Die zunehmende Populationsdichte, besonders nach 1983 in der ostziehenden Subpopulation in den fünf Bundesländern der ehemaligen DDR, erlaubte die Analyse von dichte- und altersabhängigen Präferenzen in der Richtung der Brutstandorte sowie in der Verbreitungsfrequenz und -distanz. Wir untersuchten zudem die Alters- und Dichteabhängigkeit der Ausbreitungsrichtung einer Teilpopulation. Wir fragten, ob und wie die Hauptzugrichtung im Frühjahr mit der Verbreitungsrichtung interagiert: Beeinflussen Alter und Populationsdichte die Ausbreitungsrichtung? Der Anteil der brütenden Individuen, die älter als 22 Jahre sind, nahm innerhalb der beobachteten Teilpopulation ab, vermutlich aufgrund einer altersbedingten Abnahme des Gesundheitszustands. Junge Vögel zeigten eine starke Geburtsorttreue, was auf eine genetische Komponente in den Zugmustern junger Störche hinweist. Generell trat bei jungen Störchen häufiger Ausbreitungsverhalten auf als bei älteren Störchen. Eine signifikante Zunahme der Ausbreitungsdistanz von Individuen über die Zeit lässt auf eine dichteabhängige Komponente im Ausbreitungsverhalten der Weißstörche schließen. Weiterhin wurde eine signifikante Interaktion zwischen dem Alter sich ausbreitender Individuen und dem betrachteten Jahr gefunden. Demzufolge breiteten sich alte Vögel über die Zeit über größere Distanzen aus, vermutlich um der ansteigenden Konkurrenz, bedingt durch den wachsenden Bestandsdruck, zu entgehen.
4

Baltojo gandro Ciconia ciconia gausumas ir erdvinis pasiskirstymas, perėjimo buveinių pasirinkimas, perėjimo sėkmingumas ir pavasarinis atskridimas arealo šiaurės vakarų periferijoje / Abundance and spatial distribution, breeding habitat selection, breeding success and spring arrival of the white stork Ciconia ciconia in the north-western periphery of the range

Vaitkuvienė, Daiva 30 December 2014 (has links)
Darbo metu buvo nustatyti baltojo gandro gausumo ir erdvinio pasiskirstymo bei lizdaviečių pasirinkimo pokyčiai 1994–2010 metais, ištirti perėjimo buveinės pasirinkimo dėsningumai bei perėjimo sėkmingumo priklausomybė nuo kai kurių buveinės charakteristikų. Baltojo gandro perėjimo buveinės pasirinkimo tyrimai atlikti su 8,4 % pasaulinės perinčios baltojo gandro populiacijos, esančios arealo šiaurės vakarų periferijoje, susitelkusios teritorijoje, užimančioje 1,1 % arealo ploto. Buvo nustatyta, kad tyrimų teritorijoje per 1994–2010 metų laikotarpį ženkliai išaugus baltojo gandro gausumui, paukščiai prisitaikė perėti naujo tipo lizdavietėse – ant elektros oro linijų atramų. Šis prisitaikymas reprodukciniu požiūriu buvo iš dalies neadaptyvus dėl patikimai mažesnio perėjimo sėkmingumo lizduose, susuktuose ant eksploatuojamų elektros oro linijų atramų. Remiantis ilgalaikiais baltojo gandro pirmo atskridimo datos duomenimis, rinktais 1961–2000 metais, buvo nustatytas reikšmingas pavasarinio atskridimo datos į perimvietes arealo šiaurės vakarų periferijoje paankstėjimas. Taip pat buvo nustatyti veiksniai, lemiantys pirmo pavasarinio atskridimo į perimvietes datą. Darbe buvo nustatyti pagrindiniai, perinčiam baltajam gandrui grėsmę keliantys veiksniai, įvertintas jų reikšmingumas ir pasiūlytos neigiamo jų poveikio šiai Europos Sąjungoje saugomai rūšiai sumažinimo priemonės. / In this study, changes during the period 1994–2010 in White Stork abundance and spatial distribution, as well as in nest-site selection were determined; regularities in breeding habitat selection and the effect of some habitat characteristics on the breeding success were investigated. The White Stork habitat selection study was carried out in the north-western periphery of the species’ range on a sample, comprising 8.4% of the total breeding population of this species, concentrated in an area covering just 1.1% of its range. It was revealed that a considerable increase in the White Stork abundance in 1994–2010 coincided with the adaptation by birds to breeding at a new nest-site – on poles of overhead electricity lines. However, from the standpoint of reproduction, this change in the White Stork nesting behaviour was partly non-adaptive due to significantly lower breeding success in nests built on poles of operating overhead electricity lines. Data on the White Stork first spring arrival, collected during the period 1961–2000, revealed a significant advancement of spring arrival date to the breeding grounds in the north-western periphery of the range. Factors, affecting the first spring arrival to breeding grounds, were determined. The main threats facing the breeding White Storks were determined, their importance was assessed, and recommendations for the mitigation of these negative impacts were prepared for this species of the EU conservation concern.
5

Abundance and spatial distribution, breeding habitat selection, breeding success and spring arrival of the white stork Ciconia ciconia in the north-western periphery of the range / Baltojo gandro Ciconia ciconia gausumas ir erdvinis pasiskirstymas, perėjimo buveinių pasirinkimas, perėjimo sėkmingumas ir pavasarinis atskridimas arealo šiaurės vakarų periferijoje

Vaitkuvienė, Daiva 30 December 2014 (has links)
In this study, changes during the period 1994–2010 in White Stork abundance and spatial distribution, as well as in nest-site selection were determined; regularities in breeding habitat selection and the effect of some habitat characteristics on the breeding success were investigated. The White Stork habitat selection study was carried out in the north-western periphery of the species’ range on a sample, comprising 8.4% of the total breeding population of this species, concentrated in an area covering just 1.1% of its range. It was revealed that a considerable increase in the White Stork abundance in 1994–2010 coincided with the adaptation by birds to breeding at a new nest-site – on poles of overhead electricity lines. However, from the standpoint of reproduction, this change in the White Stork nesting behaviour was partly non-adaptive due to significantly lower breeding success in nests built on poles of operating overhead electricity lines. Data on the White Stork first spring arrival, collected during the period 1961–2000, revealed a significant advancement of spring arrival date to the breeding grounds in the north-western periphery of the range. Factors, affecting the first spring arrival to breeding grounds, were determined. The main threats facing the breeding White Storks were determined, their importance was assessed, and recommendations for the mitigation of these negative impacts were prepared for this species of the EU conservation concern. / Darbo metu buvo nustatyti baltojo gandro gausumo ir erdvinio pasiskirstymo bei lizdaviečių pasirinkimo pokyčiai 1994–2010 metais, ištirti perėjimo buveinės pasirinkimo dėsningumai bei perėjimo sėkmingumo priklausomybė nuo kai kurių buveinės charakteristikų. Baltojo gandro perėjimo buveinės pasirinkimo tyrimai atlikti su 8,4 % pasaulinės perinčios baltojo gandro populiacijos, esančios arealo šiaurės vakarų periferijoje, susitelkusios teritorijoje, užimančioje 1,1 % arealo ploto. Buvo nustatyta, kad tyrimų teritorijoje per 1994–2010 metų laikotarpį ženkliai išaugus baltojo gandro gausumui, paukščiai prisitaikė perėti naujo tipo lizdavietėse – ant elektros oro linijų atramų. Šis prisitaikymas reprodukciniu požiūriu buvo iš dalies neadaptyvus dėl patikimai mažesnio perėjimo sėkmingumo lizduose, susuktuose ant eksploatuojamų elektros oro linijų atramų. Remiantis ilgalaikiais baltojo gandro pirmo atskridimo datos duomenimis, rinktais 1961–2000 metais, buvo nustatytas reikšmingas pavasarinio atskridimo datos į perimvietes arealo šiaurės vakarų periferijoje paankstėjimas. Taip pat buvo nustatyti veiksniai, lemiantys pirmo pavasarinio atskridimo į perimvietes datą. Darbe buvo nustatyti pagrindiniai, perinčiam baltajam gandrui grėsmę keliantys veiksniai, įvertintas jų reikšmingumas ir pasiūlytos neigiamo jų poveikio šiai Europos Sąjungoje saugomai rūšiai sumažinimo priemonės.
6

Breeding white storks in former East Prussia : comparing predicted relative occurrences across scales and time using a stochastic gradient boosting method (TreeNet), GIS and public data

Wickert, Claudia January 2007 (has links)
In dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene GIS-basierte Habitatmodelle für den Weißstorch (Ciconia ciconia) im Gebiet der ehemaligen deutschen Provinz Ostpreußen (ca. Gebiet der russischen Exklave Kaliningrad und der polnischen Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren) erstellt. Zur Charakterisierung der Beziehung zwischen dem Weißstorch und der Beschaffenheit seiner Umwelt wurden verschiedene historische Datensätze über den Bestand des Weißstorches in den 1930er Jahren sowie ausgewählte Variablen zur Habitat-Beschreibung genutzt. Die Aufbereitung und Modellierung der verwendeten Datensätze erfolgte mit Hilfe eines geographischen Informationssystems (ArcGIS) und einer statistisch-mathematischen Methode aus den Bereichen „Machine Learning“ und „Data-Mining“ (TreeNet, Salford Systems Ltd.). Unter Verwendung der historischen Habitat-Parameter sowie der Daten zum Vorkommen des Weißstorches wurden quantitative Modelle auf zwei Maßstabs-Ebenen erstellt: (i) auf Punktskala unter Verwendung eines Rasters mit einer Zellgröße von 1 km und (ii) auf Verwaltungs-Kreisebene basierend auf der Gliederung der Provinz Ostpreußen in ihre Landkreise. Die Auswertung der erstellten Modelle zeigt, dass das Vorkommen von Storchennestern im ehemaligen Ostpreußen, unter Berücksichtigung der hier verwendeten Variablen, maßgeblich durch die Variablen ‚forest’, ‚settlement area’, ‚pasture land’ und ‚coastline’ bestimmt wird. Folglich lässt sich davon ausgehen, dass eine gute Nahrungsverfügbarkeit, wie der Weißstorch sie auf Wiesen und Weiden findet, sowie die Nähe zu menschlichen Siedlungen ausschlaggebend für die Nistplatzwahl des Weißstorches in Ostpreußen sind. Geschlossene Waldgebiete zeigen sich in den Modellen als Standorte für Horste des Weißstorches ungeeignet. Der starke Einfluss der Variable ‚coastline’ lässt sich höchstwahrscheinlich durch die starke naturräumliche Gliederung Ostpreußens parallel zur Küstenlinie erklären. In einem zweiten Schritt konnte unter Verwendung der in dieser Arbeit erstellten Modelle auf beiden Skalen Vorhersagen für den Zeitraum 1981-1993 getroffen werden. Dabei wurde auf dem Punktmaßstab eine Abnahme an potentiellem Bruthabitat vorhergesagt. Im Gegensatz dazu steigt die vorhergesagte Weißstorchdichte unter Verwendung des Modells auf Verwaltungs-Kreisebene. Der Unterschied zwischen beiden Vorhersagen beruht vermutlich auf der Verwendung unterschiedlicher Skalen und von zum Teil voneinander verschiedenen erklärenden Variablen. Weiterführende Untersuchungen sind notwendig, um diesen Sachverhalt zu klären. Des Weiteren konnten die Modellvorhersagen für den Zeitraum 1981-1993 mit den vorliegenden Bestandserfassungen aus dieser Zeit deskriptiv verglichen werden. Es zeigt sich hierbei, dass die hier vorhergesagten Bestandszahlen höher sind als die in den Zählungen ermittelten. Die hier erstellten Modelle beschreiben somit vielmehr die Kapazität des Habitats. Andere Faktoren, die die Größe der Weißstorch-Population bestimmen, wie z.B. Bruterfolg oder Mortalität sollten in zukünftige Untersuchungen mit einbezogen werden. Es wurde ein möglicher Ansatz aufgezeigt, wie man mit den hier vorgestellten Methoden und unter Verwendung historischer Daten wertvolle Habitatmodelle erstellen sowie die Auswirkung von Landnutzungsänderungen auf den Weißstorch beurteilen kann. Die hier erstellten Modelle sind als erste Grundlage zu sehen und lassen sich mit Hilfe weitere Daten hinsichtlich Habitatstruktur und mit exakteren räumlich expliziten Angaben zu Neststandorten des Weißstorches weiter verfeinern. In einem weiteren Schritt sollte außerdem ein Habitatmodell für die heutige Zeit erstellt werden. Dadurch wäre ein besserer Vergleich möglich hinsichtlich erdenklicher Auswirkungen von Änderungen der Landnutzung und relevanten Umweltbedingungen auf den Weißstorch im Gebiet des ehemaligen Ostpreußens sowie in seinem gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet. / Different habitat models were created for the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) in the region of the former German province of East Prussia (equals app. the current Russian oblast Kaliningrad and the Polish voivodship Warmia-Masuria). Different historical data sets describing the occurrence of the White Stork in the 1930s, as well as selected variables for the description of landscape and habitat, were employed. The processing and modeling of the applied data sets was done with a geographical information system (ArcGIS) and a statistical modeling approach that comes from the disciplines of machine-learning and data mining (TreeNet by Salford Systems Ltd.). Applying historical habitat descriptors, as well as data on the occurrence of the White Stork, models on two different scales were created: (i) a point scale model applying a raster with a cell size of 1 km2 and (ii) an administrative district scale model based on the organization of the former province of East Prussia. The evaluation of the created models show that the occurrence of White Stork nesting grounds in the former East Prussia for most parts is defined by the variables ‘forest’, ‘settlement area’, ‘pasture land’ and ‘proximity to coastline’. From this set of variables it can be assumed that a good food supply and nesting opportunities are provided to the White Stork in pasture and meadows as well as in the proximity to human settlements. These could be seen as crucial factors for the choice of nesting White Stork in East Prussia. Dense forest areas appear to be unsuited as nesting grounds of White Storks. The high influence of the variable ‘coastline’ is most likely explained by the specific landscape composition of East Prussia parallel to the coastline and is to be seen as a proximal factor for explaining the distribution of breeding White Storks. In a second step, predictions for the period of 1981 to 1993 could be made applying both scales of the models created in this study. In doing so, a decline of potential nesting habitat was predicted on the point scale. In contrast, the predicted White Stork occurrence increases when applying the model of the administrative district scale. The difference between both predictions is to be seen in the application of different scales (density versus suitability as breeding ground) and partly dissimilar explanatory variables. More studies are needed to investigate this phenomenon. The model predictions for the period 1981 to 1993 could be compared to the available inventories of that period. It shows that the figures predicted here were higher than the figures established by the census. This means that the models created here show rather a capacity of the habitat (potential niche). Other factors affecting the population size e.g. breeding success or mortality have to be investigated further. A feasible approach on how to generate possible habitat models was shown employing the methods presented here and applying historical data as well as assessing the effects of changes in land use on the White Stork. The models present the first of their kind, and could be improved by means of further data regarding the structure of the habitat and more exact spatially explicit information on the location of the nesting sites of the White Stork. In a further step, a habitat model of the present times should be created. This would allow for a more precise comparison regarding the findings from the changes of land use and relevant conditions of the environment on the White Stork in the region of former East Prussia, e.g. in the light of coming landscape changes brought by the European Union (EU).
7

Les effets des changements climatiques et des changements d’usages sur les oiseaux d’eau migrateurs : une approche mécaniste chez un oiseau emblématique, la Cigogne blanche / Effects of climate and land use changes on migratory waterbirds : a mechanistic approach in an emblematic bird, the White stork

Gadenne, Hélène 26 October 2012 (has links)
Comprendre les adaptations qui permettent aux espèces de vivre dans des environnements variables, temporellement et spatialement, est essentiel pour prédire la façon dont elles peuvent répondre aux changements globaux actuels et futurs. De nombreuses études à long terme ont montré que les fluctuations climatiques affectaient la dynamique des populations, mais l'influence relative des processus de sélection d'habitat et de densité-dépendance sur la sélection d'habitat est encore mal connue et expliquée. L'objectif de cette thèse est donc d'étudier, d'une part, par une approche corrélative, la sélection d'habitat densité-dépendante à quatre échelles spatiales différentes, chez une population de cigognes blanches (Ciconia ciconia) en augmentation; et d'autre part, par une approche mécaniste, d'étudier les effets relatifs du climat, de l'habitat et de l'expérience des reproducteurs en termes de fitness (nombre de jeunes produits, condition corporelle des jeunes et sexe-ratio) chez cet oiseau, suivi depuis 30 ans dans un milieu sensible, les zones humides de l'ouest de la France, en Charente-Maritime. Ce travail a contribué à identifier des mécanismes qui conduisent aux décisions de sélection d'habitat de nidification qui restaient encore mal compris, et appuie les travaux qui montrent que la dégradation des habitats par les activités humaines peut influer sur les décisions de sélection d'habitat. De plus, ces résultats apportent des informations essentielles à la compréhension des adaptations de cette population dans un environnement variable, ce qui permet de prédire plus efficacement le devenir de la population face aux changements environnementaux futurs. / Understanding adaptations that allow species to live in temporally and spatially variable environments is crucial to predict how species may respond to current and future global changes. Long-term studies have shown that climatic variations affect the dynamic of populations. However, the relative influence of habitat selection and density-dependence processes is still poorly understood and explained. The aim of this thesis is, firstly by a correlative approach, to investigate the density-dependent habitat selection at varying spatial scales in an increasing white stork (Ciconia ciconia) population. Secondly, by a mechanistic approach, we studied the relative effects of climate, habitat and breeder experience in terms of reproductive fitness (fledging success, body condition and sex ratio) in this population monitored for 30 years in a sensitive wetland in Charente-Maritime, western France. This work helped identifying the mechanisms that lead to nesting habitat selection. This work supports research showing that habitat degradation by human activities may affect habitat selection decisions. In addition, these results provide crucial information to understand the adaptations of this population in a changing environment, which allows predicting more efficiently the response of the population to future environmental changes.
8

Déterminants proximaux et contexte évolutif de la dispersion chez deux espèces d'oiseaux, la Cigogne blanche (Ciconia ciconia) et le Cincle plongeur (Cinclus cinclus) / Proximal determinants and evolutionary context of dispersal in two bird species, the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) and the White-throated Dipper (Cinclus cinclus)

Rojas, Emilio 26 November 2015 (has links)
La dispersion est définie comme le mouvement fait par un individu entre son lieu de naissance et le site de sa première reproduction (dispersion natale) ou entre deux sites de reproduction successifs (dispersion de reproduction). Il possède de nombreuses causes (proximales et ultimes) et conséquences (fitness, etc.), peu étudiées à des échelles spatiotemporelles larges. Cette thèse souligne le rôle de la densité, du climat, et des populations considérées, avec une approche dynamique des échanges et un rôle de la migration, sur la dispersion de la Cigogne blanche (Ciconia ciconia) en France. La dispersion influence la survie et la reproduction chez le Cincle plongeur (Cinclus cinclus) et est héritable, ce qui souligne le processus évolutif sous-jacent à l’apparition de ce comportement. Ces travaux recontextualisent le rôle de l’environnement sur la dispersion à une échelle inter-populationnelle, en soulignant les liens avec la migration, ainsi que le contexte évolutif de ce trait. / Dispersal is defined as the movement made by an individual between his birthplace and the site of his first breeding attempt (natal dispersal) or between successive breeding sites (breeding dispersal). It has many causes (proximate and ultimate) and consequences (fitness, etc.), rarely studied in large spatial and temporal scales. This thesis emphasizes the role of density, climate, and populations, with a dynamic approach and the role of migration, on the dispersal of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) in France. Dispersal influences survival and reproduction in the White-throated Dipper (Cinclus cinclus) and is heritable, highlighting the underlying evolutionary process of this behavior. This work recontextualized the role of the environment on the dispersal in an inter-population level, as long as the links with migration and the evolutionary context of this trait.
9

Analýza fotografických záznamů nerybí kořisti v potravě vybraných druhů rybožravých ptáků / Analysis of photo-records of non-fish prey in the diet of selected species of fish-eating birds

Mach, Jakub January 2021 (has links)
Piscivorous birds are often blamed for causing significant damage to fish stocks. Various methods are used to determine the composition of their food, each of them has limits in its ability to determine the complete food spectrum. This work maps the complete food composition of 14 species of fish-eating birds with a method that is not commonly used. Method used in this work uses analysis of publicly available photos on Google.com. In addition to the complete composition of the food, the species composition of the non-fish part of the prey was also determined, and in the case of the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), also the length of the fishes it catches. The aim of this work is to reveal the usability of this method for these purposes. A total of 2350 retrieved photographs were analyzed. The results obtained by photo analysis are in all cases compared with data in the available literature. For representatives of heron birds (Ardeidae), the analysis of photographs provided good information on the food spectrum of individual birds and on the qualitative composition of the non-fish component. It also provided relatively good information on the diet of the White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), but the bird part of the prey was slightly underestimated. In the diet of the Great Crested Grebe...

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