Title: The exercise diagnostics of women ice-hockey players - Wingate test Objectives: The study is focused on anthropometric characteristics and anaerobic efficiency comparing with using 30s Wingate test parameters. For the test groups of women ice-hockey players and boys ice-hockey players ages 15, 16 and 17 have been selected. The purpose of the work is forming a picture about efficiency level of women players from the national team and comparing with the results of these three selected groups of boys. The study includes a data evaluation of questionnaire about hockey experiences of women players. The exercise anaerobic 30s Wingate test has been implemented on selected group of women ice-hockey players from 14 to 26 years (x = 17.8 ± 3.7). The results of this group have been compared with results of three groups of hockey players ages 15, 16 and 17 (x = 14.98 ± 0.81; x = 16.03 ± 0.41; x = 17 ± 0.35). Working hypothesis supposed no differences between anaerobic training facility indices of women and boys ages 15, 16 and 17. Methods : Basic statistical items (x-arithmetic mean, SD-standard deviation) for all 4 groups (women, boys age 15, 16 and 17) have been evaluated. The statistical significance of differences between average values of file parameters has been tested by T-test (also known as...

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The purpose of this study was to compare high-resistance cycle training (HRCT) with resistance training (RT), and their effects on Wingate anaerobic test watt max (Wmax) and watt average (Wave), strength (improvement in 1 repetition max [RM]), and time-trial performance. Twenty-five healthy college-age untrained male subjects were randomly assigned to the HRCT (n=10), RT (n=10), or control (n=5) group. All subjects completed pre and posttesting for the leg press (LP), 30 s Wingate anaerobic test, and 15-min time-trial. Subjects also completed familiarization tests prior to pretesting in the Wingate anaerobic test and 15-min time-trial. HRCT and RT subjects trained 2x/wk for 8 weeks with at least 48 hrs between training sessions. During each training session HRCT completed 4 x 30 sec efforts increasing resistance when >65 rotations per minute (rpm) could be maintained for the full training session. RT completed 3 x 10 repetitions of leg press with weight increasing 5 -10 lbs when all repetitions were completed during a training session. ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc was used to determine if differences existed between the groups. Within group change was analyzed using paired T-test. Effect size was computed to determine meaningfulness of differences. HRCT and RT groups both showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) pre to posttesting in LP, Wingate anaerobic test Wmax and Wave, and 15-min time-trial. Control group also showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) pre to posttesting in LP and 15-min time-trial. Significant between group differences were noted between HRCT and control in Wingate anaerobic test Wmax (p=0.03) and Wave (p = 0.007) and 15-min time-trial (p = 0.003). There was a significant difference between RT and control on the 15-min time-trial (p = 0.008). When comparing HRCT and RT no statistical difference was seen in LP, Wingate anaerobic test Wmax and Wave, and 15-min time-trial. High-resistance cycle training and RT resulted in similar strength gains. However, HRCT showed greater improvements in cycling specific activities: 30 s Wingate anaerobic test Wmax and Wave, and 15-min time-trial. Results suggested that HRCT may increase performance on bike related assessments when compared to RT.

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<p> The Wingate anaerobic test can be used in an exercise training program as a powerful training stimulus for producing metabolic and performance enhancements. Although the acute cardiovascular responses in terms of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and leg blood flow following a single Wingate have been characterized, the acute cardiovascular recovery pattern in response to multiple Wingate exercise bouts performed in an interval pattern have yet to be described. The purpose of the current investigation was to characterize that acute cardiovascular recovery period following multiple Wingate exercise. We observed the recovery patterns of HR, BP, SV, CO, and leg blood flow for 120 minutes immediately following multiple Wingate exercise. Ten recreationally active males aged 19.8 ± 1.2 years (mean± SD) years performed a single bout of Wingate exercise, and a session of multiple Wingate exercise in random order, on separate days. Cardiovascular measurements were conducted at rest and after two-minutes of recovery and then continued at 15-minute intervals until 120 minutes of recovery. HR was elevated immediately after exercise compared to rest, and declined towards resting values for the remainder of recovery, although HR failed to return to resting values after 120 minutes of recovery. SV was significantly decreased, compared to rest, immediately following exercise from 87.3 ± 5.7 to 60.0 ± 5.6 ml. CO was increased compared to rest at two minutes following multiple Wingate exercise, and continued to increase to a maximum recovery value of 8.1 ± 0.7 L/min at R15. Immediately following exercise systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were all elevated to 155 ± 3, 73 ± 2, and 100 ± 3 mmHg respectively. Although SBP and MAP returned to resting values 15-minutes after exercise, DBP continued to decrease, resulting in a period of hypotension observed from R15 and R30. Leg blood flow was elevated compared to rest following exercise. Common femoral artery (CFA) blood flow was higher after a single Wingate, than after multiple Wingate exercise (1264 ± 109 and 1036 ± 86 ml/min respectively). Superficial femoral artery (SFA) blood flow (616 ± 55 ml/min) immediately following multiple Wingate exercise was not different following a single Wingate, however the time to return to resting values was longer after multiple Wingate exercise. We attribute the sustained elevations in (SFA) blood flow to increased cutaneous flow for thermoregulation purposes following multiple Wingate exercise.</p> <p> The results of this investigation indicate that the general cardiovascular recovery time is longer after multiple Wingate exercise, than after a single Wingate bout. This type of supramaximal exercise temporarily reduces SV due to elevated SBP and decreases in cardiac preload that are not facilitated by vasodilatation and decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR).</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

La pratique d’activité physique fait partie intégrante des recommandations médicales pour prévenir et traiter les maladies coronariennes. Suivant un programme d’entraînement structuré, serait-il possible d’améliorer la réponse à l’exercice tout en offrant une protection cardiaque au patient? C’est ce que semblent démontrer certaines études sur le préconditionnement ischémique (PCI) induit par un test d’effort maximal. Les mêmes mécanismes physiologiques induits par le PCI sont également observés lorsqu’un brassard est utilisé pour créer des cycles d’ischémie/reperfusion sur un muscle squelettique. Cette méthode est connue sous l’appellation : préconditionnement ischémique à distance (PCID). À l’autre extrémité du spectre de l’activité physique, des sportifs ont utilisé le PCDI durant leur échauffement afin d’améliorer leurs performances. C’est dans l’objectif d’étudier ces prémisses que se sont construits les projets de recherches suivants. La première étude porte sur les effets du PCID sur des efforts supra maximaux de courte durée. Les sujets (N=16) ont exécuté un test alactique (6 * 6 sec. supra maximales) suivi d’un test lactique (30 secondes supra maximales) sur ergocycle. Les sujets avaient été aléatoirement assignés à une intervention PCID ou à une intervention contrôle (CON) avant d’entreprendre les efforts. La procédure PCID consiste à effectuer quatre cycles d’ischémie de cinq minutes à l’aide d’un brassard insufflé à 50 mm Hg de plus que la pression artérielle systolique sur le bras. Les résultats de ce projet démontrent que l’intervention PCID n’a pas d’effets significatifs sur l’amélioration de performance provenant classiquement du « système anaérobie », malgré une légère hausse de la puissance maximal en faveur du PCID sur le test de Wingate de trente secondes (795 W vs 777 W) et sur le test de force-vitesse de six secondes (856 W vs 847 W). Le deuxième essai clinique avait pour objectif d’étudier les effets du PCID, selon la méthode élaborée dans le premier projet, lors d’un effort modéré de huit minutes (75 % du seuil ventilatoire) et un effort intense de huit minutes (115 % du seuil ventilatoire) sur les cinétiques de consommation d’oxygène. Nos résultats démontrent une accélération significative des cinétiques de consommation d’oxygène lors de l’intervention PCID par rapport au CON aux deux intensités d’effort (valeur de τ1 à effort modéré : 27,2 ± 4,6 secondes par rapport à 33,7 ± 6,2, p < 0,01 et intense : 29,9 ± 4,9 secondes par rapport à 33,5 ± 4,1, p < 0,001) chez les sportifs amateurs (N=15). Cela se traduit par une réduction du déficit d’oxygène en début d’effort et une atteinte plus rapide de l’état stable. Le troisième projet consistait à effectuer une revue systématique et une méta-analyse sur la thématique du préconditionnement ischémique (PCI) induit par un test d’effort chez les patients coronariens utilisant les variables provenant de l’électrocardiogramme et des paramètres d’un test d’effort. Notre recherche bibliographique a identifié 309 articles, dont 34 qui ont été inclus dans la méta-analyse, qui représente un lot de 1 053 patients. Nos analyses statistiques démontrent que dans un effort subséquent, les patients augmentent leur temps avant d’atteindre 1 mm de sous-décalage du segment ST de 91 secondes (p < 0,001); le sous-décalage maximal diminue de 0,38 mm (p < 0,01); le double produit à 1 mm de sous-décalage du segment ST augmente de 1,80 x 103 mm Hg (p < 0,001) et le temps total d’effort augmente de 50 secondes (p < 0,001). Nos projets de recherches ont favorisé l’avancement des connaissances en sciences de l’activité physique quant à l’utilisation d’un brassard comme stimulus au PCID avant un effort physique. Nous avons évalué l’effet du PCID sur différentes voies métaboliques à l’effort pour conclure que la méthode pourrait accélérer les cinétiques de consommation d’oxygène et ainsi réduire la plage du déficit d’oxygène. Nos découvertes apportent donc un éclaircissement quant à l’amélioration des performances de type contre-la-montre étudié par d’autres auteurs. De plus, nous avons établi des paramètres cliniques permettant d’évaluer le PCI induit par un test d’effort chez les patients coronariens. / Physical activity is an integral part of medical recommendations for preventing and treating coronary heart disease. By following a structured training program, is it possible to improve response to exercise and provide heart protection at the same time? This is suggested by certain studies on ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induced by a maximal exercise test. The same physiological mechanisms induced by IPC are also observed when a pressure cuff is used to create cycles of ischemia/reperfusion on skeletal muscle. This is known as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). At the other end of the physical activity spectrum, athletes have used RIPC during warm-ups to improve performance. The following research projects were developed to study these premises. The first trial addressed the effects of RIPC on short supra-maximal exercise. The subjects (N = 16) performed an alactic test (six seconds of supra-maximal exercise) followed by a lactic test (30 seconds of supra-maximal exercise) on a cycle ergometer. The subjects were randomly assigned to an RIPC or CON intervention before the exercise. The RIPC procedure involved four cycles of ischemia using a pressure cuff inflated to 50 mmHg above systolic blood pressure at the arm. The results of the project show that RIPC intervention does not significantly improve performance typical of the anaerobic system, despite a slight increase in maximal power output in favour of RIPC in the 30 second Wingate test (795 W vs. 777 W) and in the 6 seconds test (856 W vs. 847 W). The aim of the second clinical trial was to study the effects of RIPC during eight minutes of moderate exercise (75% of ventilatory threshold) and intense exercise (115% of ventilatory threshold) on the kinetics of O2 uptake. Our results showed a significant acceleration in the kinetics of O2 uptake during the RIPC intervention compared to the CON intervention for the two exercise intensities (value of 1 during moderate exercise: 27.2 ± 4.6 seconds compared with 33.7 ± 6.2, p < .01 and intense exercise: 299 ± 4.9 seconds compared with 33.5 ± 4.1, p < .001) in amateur athletes (N= 15). This means a reduction in the oxygen deficit at the onset of exercise and more rapid achievement of the steady state. The third project involved performing a systematic review and meta-analysis on ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induced by an exercise test in coronary patients. Our literature search identified 309 articles, 34 of which were included in the meta-analysis, which represents a batch of 1,053 patients. Our statistical analyses show that in subsequent exercise, patients' time to 1 mm ST segment depression is augmented by 91 seconds (p < .001); the maximum depression decreases by 0.38 mm (p < .01); the double product at 1 mm ST segment depression increases by 1.80 x 103 mmHg (p < .001) and the total time of exercise increases by 50 seconds (p < .001). Our research projects have promoted the advancement of knowledge in exercise science by the use of a cuff as a stimulus to the RIPC before sports performance. We evaluated the effect of the RIPC on different metabolic pathways and we concluded that the method could accelerate the kinetics of oxygen consumption and reduce the range of oxygen deficit. In addition, we have established clinical parameters for assessing the IPC induced by a stress test for coronary patients. / Il praticare attività fisica è parte integrante delle raccomandazioni mediche atte a prevenire e trattare le coronopatie. Seguendo un programma di allenamento strutturato, sarebbe possibile migliorare la risposta all’esercizio, pur offrendo una protezione cardiaca al paziente: è ciò che sembrano dimostrare alcuni studi sul precondizionamento ischemico (PCI) indotto mediante test da sforzo massimale. Gli stessi meccanismi fisiologici indotti dal PCI vengono inoltre osservanti utilizzando una fascia da braccio per creare dei cicli d’ischemia/riperfusione su un muscolo scheletrico. Tale metodo è conosciuto con il nome di “precondizionamento ischemico a distanza” (PCID). All’estremità opposta dello spettro dell’attività fisica, alcuni sportivi hanno impiegato il PCID durante il riscaldamento, al fine di migliorare le proprie prestazioni. I seguenti progetti di ricerca sono stati elaborati con l’obiettivo di studiare queste premesse. Il primo studio riguarda gli effetti del PCID sugli sforzi sovramassimali di breve durata. I soggetti (N = 16) hanno effettuato un test anaerobico alattacido (6 x 6 sec. sovramassimali), seguito da un test anaerobico lattacido (30 secondi sovramassimali) su ergociclo. I soggetti sono stati aleatoriamente assegnati a un intervento di PCID o a un intervento di controllo (CON) prima di effettuare gli sforzi. La procedura di PCID consiste nell’effettuare quattro cicli d’ischemie con l’ausilio di una fascia da braccio a 50 mm Hg in più rispetto alla pressione arteriosa sistolica. I risultati del progetto dimostrano che l’intervento di PCID non ha effetti significativi sul miglioramento della prestazione proveniente classicamente dal “sistema anaerobico”, nonostante un leggero aumento di potenza a favore del PCID sul test di Wingate (795 W vs 777 W) di sei secondi (856 W vs 847 W). La seconda sperimentazione clinica aveva come obiettivo lo studio degli effetti del PCID durante uno sforzo moderato di otto minuti (75% della soglia ventilatoria) e intenso (115% della soglia ventilatoria) sulle cinetiche di consumo d’ossigeno. I nostri risultati dimostrano un’accelerazione significativa delle cinetiche di consumo d’ossigeno durante l’intervento di PCID rispetto al CON alle due intensità di sforzo (valore da 1 a sforzo moderato: 27,2 ± 4,6 secondi rispetto a 33,7 ± 6,2, p < 0,01 e intenso: 29,9 ± 4,9 secondi rispetto a 33,5 ± 4,1, p < 0,001) negli sportivi dilettanti (N= 15). Ciò si traduce con una riduzione del deficit di ossigeno all’inizio dello sforzo e un raggiungimento più rapido dello stato stazionario. Il terzo progetto consisteva nell’effettuazione di una revisione sistematica e una meta-analisi sulla tematica del precondizionamento ischemico (PCI) indotto mediante test da sforzo nei pazienti coronopatici. La nostra ricerca bibliografica ha individuato 309 articoli, 34 dei quali sono stati inclusi nella meta-analisi, che rappresentano un gruppo di 1.053 pazienti. Le analisi statistiche da noi effettuate dimostrano che in uno sforzo susseguente, i pazienti aumenti i loro tempi prima di raggiungere 1 mm di sottoslivellamento del segmento ST di 91 secondi (p < 0,001); il sottoslivellamento massimo diminuisce di 0,38 mm (p < 0,01); il doppio prodotto a 1 mm di sottoslivellamento del segmento ST aumenta di 1,80 x 103 mm Hg (p < 0,001) e il tempo totale di sforzo aumenta di 50 secondi (p < 0,001).

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito da suplementação de creatina sobre o desempenho físico de adultos jovens treinados submetidos a esforços intermitentes máximos no cicloergômetro. A amostra foi composta por 26 indivíduos saudáveis, do sexo masculino, que foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, suplementado com creatina (CR, n = 13; 22,5 &#177; 2,7 anos; 74,9 &#177; 6,8 kg; 178,5 &#177; 4,8 cm) e placebo (PL, n = 13; 22,9 &#177; 3,2 anos; 71,9 &#177; 11,3 kg; 178,6 &#177; 4,0 cm). A suplementação de creatina ou placebo (maltodextrina) foi consumida por meio de delineamento duplo cego, em quatro doses de 5 g/dia durante os cinco primeiros dias (20 g/dia). A partir daí, uma única dose de 3 g/dia foi ingerida nos 51 dias subsequentes. Foi realizado um controle prévio dos hábitos alimentares e dos níveis de aptidão física dos indivíduos. Para avaliação do desempenho físico em esforços intermitentes foram realizados três Testes de Wingate (TW), separados por 2 minutos de intervalo, pré e pós-suplementação de CR ou PL. Os índices de desempenho físico analisados foram: potência de pico relativa (PPR); potência relativa a cada período de 5 s (PR); potência média relativa (PMR); trabalho total relativo (TTR) e índice de fadiga (IF). Foram coletados 25 &#181;l de sangue no lóbulo da orelha um minuto após a realização de cada TW para a dosagem de lactato sanguíneo (LAC). Coletas de urina de 24 horas foram utilizadas para a determinar as concentrações de creatinina (CRT) antes e após o período de suplementação. Os dados foram tratados por ANOVA e ANCOVA para medidas repetidas, seguidas pelo teste post hoc de Scheffé. A PPR no TW2 foi significativamente maior (6%) para o grupo CR comparado ao grupo PL após a suplementação (p<0,01). PR no período de 0-5 s no TW2 foi significante maior para o grupo CR (11%) comparado ao PL após a suplementação (p<0,02). A PMR e o IF não apresentaram diferenças significativas nos TW, entre os grupos CR e PL após a suplementação (p>0,05). O TTR foi significativamente maior no grupo CR (3%) comparado ao PL após a suplementação (p<0,02). O LAC não apresentou diferenças significantes nos TW, entre os grupos CR e PL, após suplementação (p>0,05). Interação significante entre grupo e tempo foi encontrada para a CRT, indicando que o grupo CR teve sua taxa de excreção aumentada (22%) após a suplementação de creatina (p<0,03). Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que a suplementação de creatina melhora o desempenho físico em esforços intermitentes de alta intensidade e curta duração, e que esta melhora parece ser determinada nos 5 s iniciais de esforço. / The objective of present study was to analyze the effect of creatine supplementation on performance of trained young adults submitted the intermittent maximal efforts in cycle ergometer. The sample was composed by 26 individuals healthy, male, that were randomly divided in two groups, supplemented with creatine (CR, n = 13; 22.5 &#177; 2.7 years; 74.9 &#177; 6.8 kg; 178.5 &#177; 4.8 cm) and placebo (PL, n = 13; 22.9 &#177; 3.2 years; 71.9 &#177; 11.3 kg;178.6 &#177; 4.0 cm). The creatine supplementation or placebo (maltodextrin) was consumed through a blind double manner, in four doses 5 g/day during the first five days (20 g/day). Therefore, a single dose 3 g/day was ingested in the following 51 days. Previous control of the alimentary habits was accomplished and levels of physical fitness of the individuals. For evaluation of the performance in intermittent maximal efforts three Wingate Test (WT) were accomplished separate for 2 minutes of interval, pre and pos supplementation of CR or PL. The analysis performance indexes were: relative peak power (RPP), relative power to each period of 5 s (RP), relative mean power (RMP), relative total work (RTW) and index of fatigue (IF). The 25 &#181;l blood were collected in the earlobe one minute after the accomplishment of each TW for the dosage of lactate blood (LAC). Collections of urine of 24 hours were used for the determination of creatinine concentration (CRT) before and after the supplementation period. ANOVA and ANCOVA with repeated measures, followed by the test post hoc from Scheffé. RPP in WT2 was significantly larger (6%) for the group CR compared to the group PL after the supplementation (p<0.01). The PR in period of 0-5 s in TVV2 was significant larger for the group CR (11%) compared to PL after the supplementation (p <0.02). RMP and IF didn\'t present significant differences in WT, among the groups CR and PL after the supplementation (p>0.05). RTW was significantly larger in the group CR (3%) compared to PL after the supplementation (p<0.02). The LAC didn\'t present significant differences in WT, among the groups CR and PL, after supplementation (p>0.05). Significant interaction between group and time was found for CRT, indicating that the group CR had his tax of increased excretion (22%) after the supplemented with creatine (p<0,03). The results of the present study suggest that creatine supplementation improve the performance in intermittent efforts of high intensity and short duration, and this improvement seems to be certain in 5 s initial of effort.

O objetivo desse estudo foi averiguar a possibilidade de se estimar os componentes anaeróbios do déficit máximo acumulado de oxigênio (MAOD) utilizando apenas o consumo de oxigênio (VO2). Adicionalmente, foi proposto um método alternativo que não necessita utilizar a extrapolação do VO2 do exercício submáximo para estimar a demanda de O2 para o exercício supramáximo. Para tanto, dez sujeitos fisicamente ativos foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: a) teste progressivo até a exaustão para determinar a carga correspondente ao consumo de oxigênio (WVO2max); b) seis testes de cargas constantes com intensidades abaixo da WVO2max (40-90% WVO2max); c) um teste a 110% da WVO2max; d) teste anaeróbio de Wingate. A fração do metabolismo anaeróbio alático foi estimada pela fase rápida do excesso do VO2 após o exercício (EPOCRÁPIDO), ao passo que a fração do metabolismo anaeróbio lático foi determinada tanto pela diferença entre MAOD e o EPOCRÁPIDO (MAODLA-1) como pelo acúmulo de lactato no sangue (MAODLA-2). O MAODMOD foi calculado pela somatória do EPOCRÁPIDO com MAODLA-2. Os principais resultados foram: a) as estimativas das contribuições do metabolismo anaeróbio lático não eram estatisticamente diferentes (MAODLA-1 = 2,40 ± 0,66 l; MAODLA-2 = 2,20 ± 0,4 l; p > 0,05); b) similarmente, os resultados do MAOD (3,03 ± 0,62 l) MAODMOD (2,84 ± 0,41) não eram significativamente diferentes (p > 0,05); c) foram detectadas correlações positivas entre MAODMOD, EPOCRÁPIDO, MAODLA-2 e os índices do teste de Wingate; d) os valores percentuais do EPOCRÁPIDO e do MAODLA-1 eram 22 ± 9% e 78 ± 9%, respectivamente. Esses resultados sugerem que os componentes anaeróbios do MAOD podem ser estimados satisfatoriamente utilizando somente o VO2 e que o MAOD pode ser determinado mediante MAODmod / The objective of this study was ascertain the possibility of estimate the anaerobic components of the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) used only oxygen uptake (VO2). In addition, was proposed an alternative method (MAODMOD) to determine the MAOD without using the extrapolation from submaximal VO2 to estimate the O2 demand of supramaximal exercise. Thus, ten subjects physically active performed the following tests: a) a maximal incremental exercise test for the measurement of the power output correspondent to maximal oxygen uptake (WVO2max); b) six submaximal tests with intensities bellow of the WVO2max (40-90% WVO2max); c) a supramaximal test at 110% WVO2max; d) Wingate anaerobic test. The fraction of the anaerobic alactic metabolism was calculated based on the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen uptake (EPOCRÁPIDO), although the fraction of the anaerobic lactic metabolism was calculated based on both difference between MAOD and EPOCRÁPIDO (MAODLA-1) and changes in net blood lactate accumulation (MAODLA-2). MAODMOD was calculated by the sum of the EPOCRÁPIDO with the MAODLA-2. The main results were: a) non significant difference was found between the anaerobic lactic estimates (MAODLA-1 = 2,40 ± 0,66 l; MAODLA-2 = 2,20 ± 0,4 l; p > 0,05); b) similarly, there was no significant difference (p > 0,05) between MAOD (3,03 ± 0,62 l) and MAODMOD (2,84 ± 0,41); c) positive and significant correlation were detected between MAODMOD, EPOCRÁPIDO, MAODLA-2 and the indices of the Wingate anaerobic test (p < 0,05); d) the mean of the percentage values of the EPOCRÁPIDO and MAODLA-1 were 22 ± 9% e 78 ± 9%, respectively. These data suggest that the anaerobic components of the MAOD can be satisfactorily estimated using only the VO2 and that the MAOD can be determined using the MAODmod

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-05-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:49:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 afonso_m_me_rcla.pdf: 222236 bytes, checksum: 1a0edd0d0141d788c0b3436c47d1f119 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O limiar anaeróbio (LAN) tem sido muito utilizado como preditor da capacidade aeróbia na avaliação e prescrição do treinamento. Dentre os protocolos de determinação do LAN, o método do lactato mínimo (LM) parece ser um dos mais precisos, determinando de certa forma, individualmente os valores do LAN. Um outro modelo utilizado na avaliação do parâmetro aeróbio é o método não invasivo de determinação de potência crítica (PC), sendo que esse modelo possibilita também a quantificação das reservas anaeróbias intramusculares (CTA). Vários autores propõem determinações de PC por diferentes protocolos, dentre eles, os propostos por JENKINS & QUIGLEY em 1991 (PCJQ) e CHASSAIN em 1986 (PCCH) especialmente, são muito diferentes, no aspecto metodológico e repercutiram bastante no meio científico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de comparar métodos invasivos e não invasivos de avaliação aeróbia e anaeróbia em atletas ciclistas, identificando a relação existente entre o LM e a PC (determinada por dois métodos diferentes) e, a relação dos parâmetros anaeróbios, através da potência média e da potência pico com a CTA. Foram voluntários desse estudo 9 ciclistas treinados do sexo masculino (24,11 1,62 anos; 67,28 4,37 kg e 175,78 5,89 cm) com experiência na modalidade. Os atletas foram submetidos a três protocolos experimentais: 1) Teste de LM, com teste de Wingate para induzir a acidose e posterior exercício progressivo; 2) Teste de PCJQ com quatro sessões de cargas exaustivas randômicas; 3) Teste de PCCH a partir da variação da freqüência cardíaca e do lactato através de dois esforços de 180 segundos com intervalo de pausa de 90 segundos entre os esforços, com intensidade de 85, 95, 105 e 115% do LM. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as intensidades de LM (219,73 4,43 W), PCJQ nos modelos Pot- 1/tlim... . / The anaerobic threshold (AT) has been used as a good predictor of the aerobic capacity for physical evaluation and training prescription. Among the protocols of AT determination, the lactate minimal test (LMT) seems to be one of the most accurate for obtain individually the AT values. Another model used in the aerobic evaluation is the non-invasive method for determination of the critical power (CP), and this model also makes possible the quantification of the intramuscular anaerobic stores, which represents the anaerobic work capacity (AWC). Several authors proposed determinations of CP on different protocols, as those propored by, Jenkins & Quigley (1991 - CPJQ) and Chassain (1986 - CPCH), that in spite of the very different methodological aspects they are a reference in the scientific way. The purpose of the present study was to compare invasive and non-invasive protocols to evaluate the aerobic and anaerobic fitness (by two different methods) in cyclists. Also, the relationship of the mean and peak power obtained during an Wingate test to AWC identified by different methods was investigate. Nine male trained cyclists volunteered to the study (24.11 l 1.62 years; 67.28 l 4.37 kg and 175.78 l 5.89 cm). The athletes were submitted to three experimental protocols: 1) LMT, with initial lactic acidosis induced thought a Wingate test and a subsequent incremental exercise test; 2) test of PCJQ with four sessions of random exhaustive loads; 3) test of PCCH based on the variation of the heart rate and lactate along two bouts of efforts of 180 seconds with pause interval of 90 seconds between them, with intensity of 85, 95, 105 and 115% of LMT. Our results showed significant differences among the intensities of LMT (219.73 l 4.43 W), PCJQ in the models P-1/tlim (301.47 l 10.46 W) and Wlim - tlim (295.22 l 10.14 W) and, in PCCH for the methods of lactate variation (201.53 l 4.44 W) and... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).