Dans ce travail nous nous sommes centré sur les effets d’une hyperventilation volontaire (alcalose respiratoire) sur la fatigue lors d’un sprint prolongé. Il s’agit de mesurer les effets d’une augmentation pré exercice du pH lors de type d’exercice anaérobique. Dans un premier temps, sept sujets ont réalisé le test de Wingate, soit dans des conditions normales, soit après six cycles inspiration/expiration maximaux réalisés en 30 secondes (HV). Les échanges gazeux étaient mesurés en cycle à cycle durant tout le test. Les performances pic mesurées n’ont pas différées significativement entre les deux tests, en revanche, l’index de fatigabilité a été supérieur lorsque le test fut réalisé après une hyperventilation. Lors d’une seconde étude, 11 sujets ont réalisé le test de Wingate soit dans des conditions normales soit 1 minute après avoir réalisé une hyperventilation de 30 secondes. L’hyperventilation a entrainé une diminution significative de la pression partielle en CO2 dans l’air de fin d’expiration (PETCO2) en dessous de 30 mmHg suggérant une baisse significative du pH sanguin. Cependant, la puissance pic, la puissance moyenne et la contribution aérobie n’étaient pas significativement différentes entre les deux tests. Enfin, lors d’une dernière étude, nous avons recruté 9 nageurs de bon niveau, pour effectuer un 50m crawl ce soit dans des conditions normales ou bien après une HV suivie de 30 secondes de récupération passive. Dans cette étude, la vitesse moyenne de nage sur 50m crawl était significativement plus élevée dans lesconditions HV comparées aux conditions normales. Le nombre de cycles respiratoire enregistrés durant chaque course était significativement inférieur dans les conditions HV. Nous avons ainsi pu conclure qu’une hyperventilation volontaire maximale pré exercice peut significativement augmenter les performances de nageurs de bon niveau lors d’un 50m crawl / In this work we study the effects of a voluntary hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis) on fatigue during a prolonged sprint. We measured the effects of a pre exercise increase of pH during anaerobic exercise. In the first test, seven subjects performed the test of Wingate, either under normal conditions, or after six maximal inspiration/expiry cycles carried out in 30 seconds (HV). The gaseous exchange were measured cycle with cycle during the entire test. The measured peak performances did not differ significantly between the two tests, on the other hand, the index of fatigability was higher when the test was carried out after a hyperventilation. In a second study, 11 subjects performed the test of Wingate either under normal conditions or 1 minute after 30 seconds of hyperventilation. Hyperventilation led to a significant reduction in the partial pressure of CO2 in the air of the end of expiration (PETCO2) below 30 mmHg suggesting a significant decrease of the blood ph. However, the peak power, the average power and the aerobic contribution were not significantly different between the two tests. Finally, in the last study, we recruited 9 high level swimmers, to carry out a 50m crawl either under normal conditions or after a HV followed by 30 seconds of passive recovery. In this study, average speed of the 50m crawls was significantly higher under HV conditions compared to normal conditions. The respiratory number of cycles recorded during each race was significantly lower in the HV conditions. We thus could conclude that a maximal voluntary pre exercise hyperventilation can significantly increase the performances of swimmers of good level at during a 50m crawl

Thesis (Ph. M.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1937. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves i-iv).

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of an 8 week period of combined endurance and resistance training (concurrent training) with that of only endurance training on both maximum strength (1 RM) in the leg press test and performance in the 30 s Anaerobic Wingate Test (WANT) in moderately trained endurance cyclists. Method: Twenty male moderately trained cyclists were recruited for the investigation and were assigned to either an Endurance training group (E; n=10) or an Endurance Resistance training group (ER; n=10).  Subjects underwent 8 weeks (2 training sessions per week, 16 sessions in total) of concurrent training (60 min steady state cycling session followed by 6 sets 12 repetitions of leg press) or cycling only. Furthermore the subjects of the intervention completed both Pre and Post intervention testing in the 1RM leg press and the Wingate 30 s cycle test which was conducted twice (SRM cycle sprint 1 and SRM cycle sprint 2) within each testing session. Results: The results attained from the intervention were that the ER group demonstrated an increase in concentric leg strength within the one repetition maximum (1 RM) leg press test by 18.7 % from pre-test values 339 ± 42 to post test values 402 ± 59 kg. With regard to the Wingate cycle sprints there was significant improvement from pre to post test results in peak power of cycle sprint 1 from 1019 ± 110 watt to 1077 ± 153 watt 5.7 % and cycle sprint 2 from 1001 ± 131 to 1054 ± 161 watt, 5.3 % (P < 0.05) respectively. The E group showed no significant change in l RM or the Wingate cycle sprints after training. Conclusions: The main findings of the study is that an 8-week concurrent training intervention can lead to significant concentric strength gains in 1 RM leg press development and increased peak power within the Wingate 30 s cycle sprint when conducted by moderately trained cyclists.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om vistelse på hög höjd påverkar den anaeroba arbetsförmågan. Sex aktiva universitetsstudenter, fyra män och två kvinnor, deltog frivilligt i studien. Expeditionen till Nepal varade i 40 dagar och under den perioden sov och vandrade försökspersonerna mellan 1400 och 5100 meter över havet. Före och efter expeditionen genomförde försökspersonerna ett anaerobt wingatetest där peak power, average power, minimum power and power drop uppmättes. Resultatet visade en signifikant sänkning av average power efter den genomförda expeditionen på hög höjd, med ett medelvärde på 8.44 ± 0,84 w/kg före expeditionen och 7.81 ± 0,87 w/kg efter expeditionen. Inga signifikanta förändringar sågs hos övriga uppmätta parametrar. Konklusionen är att average power försämras efter 40 dagars vistelse på hög höjd.

Purpose: The purposes of the current study were to investigate whether there were any differences in the perceptual ability between professional and non-professional ice-hockey players and whether professional players are better at distinguishing, paying attention to and concentrating on what is important during intense physical activity. Method: Twenty male ice-hockey players (10 from both the Swedish first and third divisions) participated in the study. Wingate test were used for physiological measurements while three psychological tests were presented in front of the participants. Stroop, Flanker and Fast counting tests were used to measure perceptual and coping abilities during intense physical activity and the differences between the two groups. Results: Fast counting and Flanker word 2 tests showed a significant difference between the two groups, whereby the professional groups was faster and more accurate than the non-professional group in answering. On the Flanker test the non-professionals had more unsuccessful attempts than the professionals. Conclusion: The current study indicates that perceptual ability can be important for performance at a higher level. If a player has superior perceptual ability, they may have a better chance to succeed at a superior level.

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A fadiga muscular é um fenômeno extensivamente estudado, especialmente por sua influência sobre o desempenho físico. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado que a acidose muscular, ocasionada pelo acúmulo de íons H+ no interior da célula muscular, é um fator limitante para o desempenho físico durante exercícios físicos de alta intensidade. Assim, estratégias com o objetivo de atenuar a queda do pH intramuscular têm o potêncial de se destacar como agente tamponante. Dentre elas, a suplementação de bicarbonato de sódio tem mostrado ser uma interessante estratégia nutricional para o aumento do desempenho anaeróbio. Recentemente a suplementação de lactato tem se mostrado como um possível agente tamponante. Teoricamente a suplementação de lactato pode aumentar os níveis sanguíneos de pH e bicarbonato, assim aumentando a capacidade tamponante extracelular. Os poucos estudos sugerem um potêncial ergogênico desta estratégia nutricional, embora a falta de estudos sugere a necessidade de mais estudos que atestem a eficácia ergogênica deste suplemento. Portanto, esse estudo tem por objetivo investigar o efeito da suplementação crônica de lactato de cálcio sobre os níveis sanguíneos de pH e bicarbonato e desempenho intermitente de alta intensidade; e ainda, compará-los com a suplementação de bicarbonato de sódio. Foram recrutados 18 atletas (idade 26 ± 5 anos; massa corporal 88,8 ± 6,8 kg; estatura 1,78 ± 0,7m; gordura corporal 18,6 ± 6,2 %). A pesquisa teve um desenho randomizado, controlado por placebo, duplo-cego cross-over. Os sujeitos foram alocados em 3 tratamentos diferentes: placebo, lactato de cálcio e bicarbonato de sódio. Todos os tratamentos suplementaram a dose de 500 mg.kg-1, divididas em 4 doses diárias, por um período de cinco dias consecutivos, seguido por dois dias de washout. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a testes de desempenho físico anaeróbio para membros superiores. Foram realizadas 4 séries do teste de Wingate, com duração de 30 segundos em cada série, e carga fixa em 4% do peso corporal, separadas por períodos de recuperação ativa de 3 minutos. As variáveis de potência média, pico e trabalho total, foram usados para verificação de alterações no desempenho em virtude dos tratamentos. Foi ainda avaliado os níveis sanguíneos de pH, bicarbonato e lactato no repouso, após o esforço e 5min após o esforço. A análise de reprodutibilidade do teste de Wingate mostrou que não houve diferenças entre as duas familiarizações e o teste pré-suplementação. As variáveis sanguíneas não foram diferentes entre os testes, e evidenciaram o potêncial do teste em diminuir pH, bicarbonato e excesso ácido-base e aumentar o lactato plasmático. Os resultados mostram que a suplementação de lactato de cálcio não foi capaz de melhorar o desempenho ou influenciar variáveis sanguíneas de bicarbonato e pH, no entanto a suplementação de bicarbonato de sódio melhorou o desempenho em ~2,9% e aumentou os níveis basais de bicarbonato sanguíneo, mas não alterou o pH. Dessa forma conclui-se que tal estratégia não é capaz de aumentar a capacidade tamponante, tampouco de promover melhoras no desempenho intermitente de alta intensidade / Muscle fatigue is an extensively studied phenomenon, especially due to its relevance to performance. Several studies have shown that muscle acidosis caused by hydrogen ion (H+) accumulation in the muscle cell is a limiting factor to physical performance during high-intensity exercise. Thus, strategies aimed at attenuating the fall in intramuscular pH during exercise have the potential to improve performance. Among these strategies, sodium bicarbonate supplementation has been shown to be an effective nutritional strategy for increasing anaerobic performance. Recently, lactate supplementation has been suggested to be an equally effective buffering aid. Theoretically, lactate supplementation can increase blood pH and bicarbonate levels, thereby increasing extracellular buffering capacity. The few studies available to date have shown the ergogenic potential of this nutritional strategy, although the lack of studies with chronic supplementation in addition to the lack of reliable physical tests suggests the need for more studies to confirm the efficacy of lactate supplementation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic calcium lactate and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on blood pH, bicarbonate and high-intensity intermittent exercise performance. Eighteen athletes (age 26±5 years; body mass 88,8±6,8 kg; height 1,78± 0,7m; body fat 18,6±6,2 %) were recruited to this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover and counterbalanced study. The participants\' underwent 3 different treatments: placebo, calcium lactate and sodium bicarbonate. The dose in all conditions was 500 mg·kg-1, divided into 4 daily doses, for 5 consecutive days, followed by a 2-day washout period. On the fifth day of supplementation, individuals underwent 4 bouts of the Wingate upper-body anaerobic test. The bouts lasted 30 seconds, with a fixed load of 4% body mass and were separated by active recovery periods of 3 minutes. Mean and peak power, as well as total work done, were recorded during each bout. In addition, blood pH, bicarbonate and lactate were determined at rest, immediately after exercise and 5 min after exercise. The Wingate test reproducibility analysis showed no differences between both familiarisations and a pre-supplementation test while blood variables were not different between tests. Post-exercise values highlighted the potential of the test to decrease blood pH, bicarbonate and base excess and to increase plasma lactate. Results showed that calcium lactate supplementation did not improve upper-body Wingate performance, likely due to a lack of change in blood bicarbonate and pH prior to exercise. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation improved performance by ~2.9% following increased pre-exercise levels of blood bicarbonate but not pH. It can be concluded that calcium lactate supplementation is not capable of increasing buffering capacity, and thus does not promote improvements in high-intensity intermittent performance

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:47:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008 / Ministerio de Desarrollo y Planificación del Estado de Chile” (MIDEPLAN) / Este trabalho propõe dois modelos de regressão múltipla que explicam variáveis do Teste de Velocidade por meio do Teste de Wingate e variáveis relacionadas ao peso corporal. Existem múltiplos fatores que influenciam o desempenho anaeróbio, porém é menos conhecida a respeito da relação quantitativa e valor predictivo de variáveis obtidas no Teste de Wingate e variáveis obtidas em campo. Foram avaliados 43 futebolistas adolescentes brasileiros de elite, divididos em 2 grupos de (15-16 e 17-18 anos). Mensurou-se o peso, a estatura, a porcentagem de massa gorda e desempenho anaeróbio através do teste de Wingate e Teste de Velocidade em campo em 220m. Os modelos foram significantes para as variáveis de velocidade inicial e aceleração mediana em campo com um valor de R2 de 0,34 e 0,47 (p < 0,05), respectivamente. Foi possível compor variáveis do Teste de Velocidade em campo a partir de variáveis obtidas no Teste de Wingate corrigidas por variáveis associadas ao peso por meio de um modelo matemático. / This study proposes two multiple regression models that explain variables of the Sprint Test through the Wingate Test and variables related to body weight. There are multiple factors that influence anaerobic performance; however, it is less known about the quantitative relation and predictive value of variables obtained in the Wingate Test obtained in field. Forty three Brazilian adolescent elite soccer players, divided into 2 groups of aged 15-16 and aged 17-18. Weight, height, fat mass percentage and anaerobic performance with the Wingate Test and the Sprint Test in 220m were measured. The models were significant for the initial speed and median acceleration in field with an R2 value of 0.34 and 0.47 (p < 0.05), respectively. Sprint test in field variables could be composed from the variables obtained with the Wingate Test adjusted by variables associated to the weight through a mathematical model. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_mcs_me_rcla.pdf: 2267744 bytes, checksum: 3e5de7b75b382e805164ebdf2da33ff5 (MD5) / Dentro do âmbito do treinamento competitivo evidencia-se a necessidade de criar e aperfeiçoar testes que possam ser aplicados no próprio ambiente de treinamento, priorizando a busca da especificidade na avaliação e de variáveis que possam melhor explicar as alterações do desempenho do atleta. Então, surge uma problemática ao avaliar a aptidão anaeróbia em velocistas em função das metodologias e dos protocolos propiciarem difícil aplicação e inespecificidade, principalmente por não possuírem nenhum teste com o movimento específico para esse grupo. Entretanto, destaca-se na literatura alguns testes laboratoriais utilizados para avaliação da aptidão anaeróbia de corredores, dentre os quais estão o Máximo Déficit de Oxigênio Acumulado (MAOD), o teste de Wingate (TW) e os testes de salto vertical (SV). Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi padronizar o teste de corrida atada (TCA) analisando a validade, reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade. O protótipo criado para o TCA proporciona a obtenção de valores de força e de velocidade durante o teste que, por sua vez, fornecerá parâmetros de potência pico do TCA (PPTCA), potência média do TCA (PMTCA) e do índice de fadiga do TCA (IFTCA). Para tanto, 10 velocistas do sexo masculino (22,0 l 2,8 anos; 68,1 l 8,9 kg; 1,76 l 0,09 m; 8,1 l 3,1 % Gordura) participaram do estudo. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a avaliação antropométrica, teste incremental para determinação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) e do limiar anaeróbio (LAn), teste para determinação do MAOD, TW, dois TCA (teste e re-teste) e um esforço máximo na distância de 300 metros (D300m). Através de coletas sangüíneas retirada do lóbulo da orelha após os testes de TW, TCA e D300m, foram determinadas as concentrações pico de lactato sangüíneo ([Lac]p) para cada um dos testes, respectivamente... / In the competitive training area, it is observed the necessity to create and improve tests that could be applied in its own training environment, prioritizing the search of the specificity in the evaluation and the variables that can explain the changes of the athlete s performance better. So, we find a problem concerning the anaerobic fitness evaluation in sprinters due to the methodologies and the protocols, mainly because there are no tests with the specific movement for this particular group. However, it is possible to mention some laboratorial tests that are used to verify the anaerobic fitness performance of the runners, which are, the maximal deficit oxygen accumulated (MAOD), the Wingate test (TW) and the tests of vertical jump (VJ). Thereby, the aim of this study is to standardize the tied running test (TRT), analyzing the validity, reproducibility and reliability. The TRT prototype provides the instantaneous strength and speed values during the test that give peak power (PPTRT), mean power (PMTRT) and fatigue index (FITRT) parameters. Therefore, ten male runners (22.0l2.8 years old, 68.1l8.9 kg, 1.76l0.09 m; 8.1l3.1 % Fat) participated in this study. All the subjects were submitted into the anthropometric assessment, incremental test to determination the maximal consume of oxygen (VO2max) and anaerobic threshold (AT), the MAOD determination test, the TW, the two TRT (test and re-test) and maximum effort in 300 meters of distance (D300m). Through blood samples removed from the earlobe after the TW, TRT and D300m tests, the blood peak lactate concentration ([Lac]peak) was determined in each test, respectively, [Lac]peakTW, [Lac]peakTRT and [Lac]peakD300m. The tests were separated with intervals of 24 to 72 hours. The data were presented in mean and stand deviation (M l SD)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)