Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T14:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ManoelFernandoDemetrio.pdf: 1661022 bytes, checksum: 7c13487c9fd060dce139920506a996c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-04 / This study represents the first systematic Formicidae survey in the Bodoquena Mountain Range National Park state of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. We have compared two distinct areas in domain of Deciduals Forests along the Bodoquena mountain range with 10 sites: 5 in the north portion and 5 in the south portion. Our first goal was to describe the leaf-litter ant fauna and compare the community structure between the North-South portions. We believe that it is possible to compare several areas using structured sampling as ALL protocol for the measure of litter ant communities, to estimate the distributions of species abundance, community species richness and the variation in species composition among sites. A total of 169 cryptic leaf-litter ant species were identified in this surveing distributed into 46 genera and 11 subfamilies: Amblyoponinae, Cerapachyinae, Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Leptanilloidinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Proceratiinae, Pseudomyrmecinae. A high incidence of rare species was observed and new species were recorded. The leaf-litter ant communities showed a high richness and diversity indices values. Species accumulation curves showed about 73% of total fauna estimate was registered. The richest genera in species number following: Hypoponera (21), Pheidole (17), Cyphomyrmex (12), Solenopsis (11) e Octostruma (8). New records were obtained for the region including Asphinctanilloides, Amblyopone, Cryptomyrmex and Probolomyrmex. Our results presents that the areas studied showed different arrangements in the composition of the ant fauna, with a replacement of species dominance for each sampling point, indicating high beta diversity. The results suggest that the Bodoquena mountain range complex has influence of the neighbors systems as Amazonian, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Pantanal complex, acts as a connection area between these different kinds of environments / O presente estudo representa o primeiro levantamento de Formicidae do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Nós comparamos duas áreas distintas sob o domínio de Floresta Estacional Decidual através de 10 sítios de amostragem: sendo 5 na porção norte e 5 na porção sul. Um dos primeiros propósitos do estudo foi descrever a fauna de formigas de serapilheira e comparar a estrutura da comunidade entre as porções norte e sul. Acreditamos que é possível comparar várias áreas usando um protocolo de amostragem estruturado, como o ALL (Ants of leaf-litter), para avaliar a fauna de serapilheira, estimar a riqueza de espécies na comunidade e comparar a variação na composição de espécies ao longo das localidades. Um total de 169 espécies crípticas de serapilheira foi identificado neste levantamento, distribuidas em 46 gêneros, dentro de 11 subfamílias: Amblyoponinae, Cerapachyinae, Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Leptanilloidinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Proceratiinae, Pseudomyrmecinae. Uma alta incidência de espécies raras foi observada e espécies novas foram registradas no inventário. A curva de acumulação de espécies indicou que cerca de 73% da fauna de formigas de serapilheira foi amostrada. Os gêneros mais ricos em número de espécies foram Hypoponera (21), Pheidole (17), Cyphomyrmex (12), Solenopsis (11) e Octostruma (8). Novos registros de ocorrência foram obtidos para a região Centro-Oeste dos gêneros Asphinctanilloides, Amblyopone, Cryptomyrmex e Probolomyrmex. Nossos resultados mostram que as áreas estudadas apresentaram diferentes arranjos na composição da fauna de formigas, com uma substituição de espécies dominantes para cada ponto amostral, indicando uma alta beta diversidade. Os resultados sugerem que o complexo da Serra da Bodoquena sofre influências dos biomas adjacentes como Amazônico, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica e do complexo Pantanal, atuando como um ecótono entre estes diferentes tipos de ambientes

Vid beräkning av grundkonstruktioner tillämpas ofta Winkler-modellen där jorden ersätts med en fjäderbädd som motsvarar jordens styvhet, en så kallad bäddmodul. Samverkanseffekter försummas ofta i dagens sätt att ansätta bäddmoduler och konsekvensen av detta blir att oförutsedda dragspänningar uppstår. Syftet med undersökningen är att ge konstruktörer ett underlag så de kan välja en beräkningsmodell som ger beräkningsförutsättningar vid dimensionering av grundkonstruktioner som tar hänsyn till samverkanseffekter. Målet är att påvisa hur samverkanseffekter och ansättning av bäddmodul påverkar delar av grundkonstruktionen med hänsyn till moment. Tre olika metoder för att beräkna bäddmoduler och två olika sätt att ansätta dessa har studerats med avseende på hur moment uppträder i grundkonstruktionen. Sex modeller har analyserats i datorprogrammet FEM-Design genom fyra valda sektioner i grundkonstruktionen. Resultatet visar att val av bäddmodul inte påverkar formen på momentkurvan men att det maximala momentet kan variera stort. Resultatet påvisar även att det uppstår zoner med dragspänning i konstruktionens överkant som en effekt av samverkan. / The Winkler-model is often applied when calculating foundation slabs. The model intend to replace the subgrade with a bedding of vertical springs that corresponds with the stiffness of the soil. The integration of the foundation slab is often neglected in todays approved methods of implementing subgrade modulus. The consequence of this overlook may cause unforeseen tensile stress in the foundation. The purpose of this study is to support engineers in their decision of choosing a model and provide proper conditions designing slabs taking into account for interplay of the whole foundation structure. The aim is to demonstrate how the interplay in the construction and the application of the subgrade modulus affects parts of the foundation regarding bending moment. Three different methods of calculating subgrade modulus and two ways of application have been studied with purpose to illustrate how bending moment appear in the structure. Four sections have been selected to represent the structural behavior to analyze six model cases in the FEM-Design program. The result indicates the choosing of subgrade modulus affect maximum value of bending moment although the appearance of the momentum curve are not affected. Results also show that zones of tensile stress occur at the top of the foundation as an effect of integration effects of the whole structure.

Ce travail s'inscrit dans la continuité des travaux de recherche menés au laboratoire Géoressources (Ecole des Mines de Nancy) et à l'INERIS depuis plusieurs années. Il concerne l’évaluation de la vulnérabilité des ouvrages situés dans des zones de mouvement de terrains d’origine naturelle ou anthropique. L’objectif de la thèse est de développer un modèle analytique permettant l’évaluation du tassement différentiel d’un ouvrage soumis à un mouvement de terrain et de calculer le taux de transmission de ces mouvements en fonction de la rigidité relative de l’ouvrage. Le modèle d’interaction sol-structure développé, tient compte de l’influence des contraintes de cisaillement dans le bâti et le terrain et d’un comportement poste-rupture du sol grâce à l’introduction d’une limite de plasticité. Le sol a été modélisé par les éléments de Pasternak afin de prendre en compte l'influence des déformations de cisaillement dans le sol, alors que le bâtiment est modélisé par la poutre d'Euler-Bernoulli et par la poutre de Timoshenko. L’existence potentielle d’un vide (décollement) sous le bâtiment a également été prise en compte dans le modèle analytique développé. Le taux de transmission des mouvements en champ libre du terrain au bâtiment a été calculé et présenté en fonction de la rigidité relative en flexion du bâtiment par rapport au terrain. Pour valider le développement entrepris, les résultats du modèle analytique ont été comparés aux résultats de modèles existants, analytiques, numériques et expérimentaux développés principalement par l'Université de Cambridge. Les résultats obtenus sont très satisfaisants et permettant de confirmer la robustesse du modèle analytique développé / This work is a continuation of the research work conducted in the Géoressources Laboratory and INERIS since several years. It concerns the assessment of the vulnerability of masonry structures influenced by natural or induced ground movements. The origins of the movement are may be, mining subsidence, tunneling, and shrinkage-swelling of clayed ground. The objective of the thesis is to develop an analytical model to evaluate the differential settlement of a structure in relation to the free field ground movement and given a set of phenomena: soil-structure interaction, influence of shear deformations in the structure and the ground, influence of non- linearities induced by the ground yielding. The soil was modeled by Pasternak elements to take into account the influence of shear deformations in the soil, while the building is modeled by the Euler-Bernoulli beam and by the beam of Timoshenko. The possibility of having a gap under the building was also taken into account. The deflection transmission ratio is then calculated and plotted according to are lative stiffness ratio which depend on both the structure and the soil stiffness A numerical model is also developed and results are compared with those of the analytical model. Other results of several numerical and experimental models principally developed at the University of Cambridge are also used for this comparison. Results show significant consistence between all these results. This demonstrates the significance of the analytical soil-structure model developed in this thesis

Im Oktober 1875 erschien Clemens Winklers Schlüsselpublikation zum Schwefelsäure-Kontaktverfahren. Der Freiberger Chemiker lieferte nicht nur die wesentlichen Grundlagen des Prozesses, sondern initiierte eine Entwicklung, die der chemischen Industrie ein modernes Produktionsverfahren für eine wichtige Grundchemikalie in die Hand gab und damit ihre Entwicklung entscheidend beförderte. Neben Winklers Leistungen werden auch die bisher wenig gewürdigten Anstrengungen der Freiberger Hüttenwerke herausgestellt, denen es nach einigen Umwegen 1879 gelungen war, die erste wirklich funktionsfähige Kontaktanlage in Betrieb zu nehmen.

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The mainline railway track between Dublin and Belfast in Northern Ireland was constructed during the 1850's. Substantial lengths of railway embankment were constructed over poor-quality peaty soils. This was accomplished using tree trunk fascines placed directly on the natural ground surface; with poor-quality local peaty soils used as light weight fill.<p>In recent years, Northern Ireland Railways have noticed that these sections of railway track have been deteriorating more rapidly than sections of the track where the foundations are more competent. The magnitudes of displacement of the track under train loading appear to be increasing gradually over time and train speeds have had to be reduced.<p>This thesis is based on the research done to monitor the response of these railway track and embankment structures to dynamic train loading. The displacements were monitored for two different embankments under a variety of loading conditions and for various seasonal conditions. These displacements were recorded using a sensor created for this task. The sensor consisted of a photo-sensitive array mounted on the sleepers and a laser, which was placed outside the area of influence of train loading, and shone on the photo-sensitive array. <p>Analytical (Winkler) modelling was conducted to determine the effects of train speed and the cause of the large train-induced displacements. Analytical and finite element modelling were used to determine the effectiveness of alternative methods of embankment stabilization.<p>The results from the analytical modelling suggest that the deformation of the embankment under train loading was not due to dynamic excitation, but static deformation of the poor-quality fill and soft foundation materials. From both the analytical and finite element modelling of possible remediation techniques, methods that stiffen the embankment and foundation material are shown to be the most effective at reducing the train induced deflection of the embankment.

The mainline railway track between Dublin and Belfast in Northern Ireland was constructed during the 1850's. Substantial lengths of railway embankment were constructed over poor-quality peaty soils. This was accomplished using tree trunk fascines placed directly on the natural ground surface; with poor-quality local peaty soils used as light weight fill.<p>In recent years, Northern Ireland Railways have noticed that these sections of railway track have been deteriorating more rapidly than sections of the track where the foundations are more competent. The magnitudes of displacement of the track under train loading appear to be increasing gradually over time and train speeds have had to be reduced.<p>This thesis is based on the research done to monitor the response of these railway track and embankment structures to dynamic train loading. The displacements were monitored for two different embankments under a variety of loading conditions and for various seasonal conditions. These displacements were recorded using a sensor created for this task. The sensor consisted of a photo-sensitive array mounted on the sleepers and a laser, which was placed outside the area of influence of train loading, and shone on the photo-sensitive array. <p>Analytical (Winkler) modelling was conducted to determine the effects of train speed and the cause of the large train-induced displacements. Analytical and finite element modelling were used to determine the effectiveness of alternative methods of embankment stabilization.<p>The results from the analytical modelling suggest that the deformation of the embankment under train loading was not due to dynamic excitation, but static deformation of the poor-quality fill and soft foundation materials. From both the analytical and finite element modelling of possible remediation techniques, methods that stiffen the embankment and foundation material are shown to be the most effective at reducing the train induced deflection of the embankment.

abstract: The human motion is defined as an amalgamation of several physical traits such as bipedal locomotion, posture and manual dexterity, and mental expectation. In addition to the “positive” body form defined by these traits, casting light on the body produces a “negative” of the body: its shadow. We often interchangeably use with silhouettes in the place of shadow to emphasize indifference to interior features. In a manner of speaking, the shadow is an alter ego that imitates the individual. The principal value of shadow is its non-invasive behaviour of reflecting precisely the actions of the individual it is attached to. Nonetheless we can still think of the body’s shadow not as the body but its alter ego. Based on this premise, my thesis creates an experiential system that extracts the data related to the contour of your human shape and gives it a texture and life of its own, so as to emulate your movements and postures, and to be your extension. In technical terms, my thesis extracts abstraction from a pre-indexed database that could be generated from an offline data set or in real time to complement these actions of a user in front of a low-cost optical motion capture device like the Microsoft Kinect. This notion could be the system’s interpretation of the action which creates modularized art through the abstraction’s ‘similarity’ to the live action. Through my research, I have developed a stable system that tackles various connotations associated with shadows and the need to determine the ideal features that contribute to the relevance of the actions performed. The implication of Factor Oracle [3] pattern interpretation is tested with a feature bin of videos. The system also is flexible towards several methods of Nearest Neighbours searches and a machine learning module to derive the same output. The overall purpose is to establish this in real time and provide a constant feedback to the user. This can be expanded to handle larger dynamic data. In addition to estimating human actions, my thesis best tries to test various Nearest Neighbour search methods in real time depending upon the data stream. This provides a basis to understand varying parameters that complement human activity recognition and feature matching in real time. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2016

<p> Various analytical methods for studying the behaviour of shallow conical shells on Euler-Winkler elastic foundation are presented. </p> <p> To account for the nature of concrete and the geometric properties of the shallow conical shell, Poisson's ratio and certain radial and circumferential deformations of the middle surface are neglected in deriving the basic differential equation. Analytical methods employed in the solution of this shell problem are the GECKELER and asymptotic types of approximations. </p> <p> The presentations of various methods of analysis are made for a representative case of dimensions and loadings of the conical shell to make them as applicable as possible to the cases of thin conical shell commonly encountered in industry. </p> <p> The shell structure studied is a tank in the form of a rotationally symmetrical cylindrical shell supported by a shallow conical shell foundation. The construction joint between the conical shell and the cylindrical shell is either monolithic or hinged. </p> <p> The analytical results of this water tank supported on Euler-Winkler elastic foundation are compared with the corresponding findings of W. Flügge, who assumed a uniform soil bearing pressure acting on the conical shell structure. </p> The method of analysis which possesses obvious advantages over the other methods studied is selected to examine the effect of different elastic stiffness coefficients of the soil. The validity of simplifying the soil bearing pressure to a uniform distribution by most designers can consequently be studied by comparing it to the bearing pressures of an ideal elastic soil which is postulated to react to its deformation like a bed of independent elastic springs. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

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