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Since before recorded history, werewolves have captivated human imagination. Simultaneously, they represent our deepest fears as well as our desire to connect with our primal ancestry. Today, werewolves are portrayed negatively, associated with violence, cruelty, cannibalism, and general malevolence. However, in ages past, legends depicted them not as monsters, but as a range of neutral to benevolent individuals, such as traveling companions, guardians, and knights. The robust legacy of the werewolf spans from prehistory, through ancient Greece and Rome, to the Middle Ages, into the Early Modern period, and finally into present-day popular culture. Over the ages, the view of the werewolf has become distorted. Media treatment of werewolves is associated with inferior writing, lacking in thought, depth, and meaning. Werewolves as characters or creatures are now generally seen as single-minded and one-dimensional, and they want nothing more than to kill, devour, and possibly violate humans. Hollywood depictions have resulted in the destruction of the true meanings behind werewolf legends that fascinated and terrified humans for so many ages. If these negative trends were reversed, perhaps entertainment might not only discover again some of the true meanings behind the werewolf myth, but also take the first steps toward reversing negative portrayals of wolves themselves, which humans have, for eons, wrongfully stigmatized and portrayed as evil, resulting in wolves receiving crueler treatment than virtually any other animal. To revive the many questions posed by lycanthropy, entertainment must show respect to the rich history of the legend — and rediscover the benevolent werewolf. / Master of Arts

Hugo Wolf drew the strands of form, rhythm, and other elements together to form tightly woven songs, each element of which can be traced to the text as its original inspiration. Truly this was a genius of romantic expression, who took the tools developed by his predecessors in song, tempered them with his own sensitive personality, and used them to the fullest in setting the meaning and the mood, as well as the words, of the poems he had chosen.

La présente étude traite de la problématique liée à l’expérience de l’étranger dans trois romans de José Saramago, Le Radeau de pierre, L’Aveuglement et La Lucidité, trois de Christa Wolf, Christa T., Trame d’enfance et Médée ainsi que trois de Vassilis Alexakis, La Langue maternelle, Avant et Les Mots étrangers, en examinant les aspects culturels, linguistiques et poétiques. Saramago, Wolf et Alexakis font l’expérience de l’étranger de manières différentes. L’expatriation volontaire ou l’exil contraint marquent un point décisif dans leurs vies et leurs créations romanesques. Cette étude se concentre sur les manifestations d’une poétique de l’étranger biculturel qui prend appui sur les singularités provenant de origines diverses des romanciers. Le personnage étranger occupe une place centrale dans les romans. Ses caractéristiques sont mises en évidence grâce à une étude des frontières et à un examen des cultures représentées. Notre réflexion est orientée vers la poétique des romans. Les oeuvres d’auteurs biculturels se distinguentelles formellement des autres romans ? Notre travail démontre que la présence de l’étranger est intimement liée à la structure des romans. L’expérience de l’étranger laissetelle des traces au niveau de la langue ? Chez Saramago et Wolf, l’examen métalinguistique devient un acte créateur qui accompagne la mise en cause de l’omniscience du narrateur. Au contraire d’Alexakis, ces deux auteurs intègrent le dialogisme dans leur poétique de l’étranger. Les romanciers mènent des réflexions sur la culture en interrogeant à la fois la langue et la mémoire transmises par les ancêtres. Ces deux axes aboutissent à une réflexion sur l’identité contemporaine. / This research deals with the problems linked to the foreign experience in three novels from José Saramago, The Stone boat, Blindness and Seeing, three from Christa Wolf, The Quest for Christa T., Patterns of Childhood and Medea, as well as in three from Vassilis Alexakis, La Langue maternelle, Avant and Les Mots étrangers, analysing them in their cultural, linguistic and poetical aspects. Saramago, Wolf and Alexakis make a foreign experience in different ways. The voluntary expatriation or the forced exile are important moments in their lives and in their novelistic production. This study is focused on the poetical expressions of the bicultural foreigner, based on the particularities that come up with the diverse origins of the novelists. The foreign character takes up a key position in the novels. Its properties are outlined and discussed by studying the borders and examining the represented cultures. The research is turned towards the poetics in the novels. Are there formal differences between novels from bicultural writers and other ones? Our work shows that the presence of the foreigner is linked to the structure of the novel. Does the foreign experience leave its imprints on the language used? In Saramago’s and Wolf’s novels the metalinguistic examination becomes a creative act and it calls the omniscience of the narrator into question. Unlike Alexakis, these two writers integrate dialogism in their poetics of the abroad. The novelists think about culture by means of the language and the memories passed by the ancestors. These two axes lead to studies on contemporary identity.

A book review of `Bukusu tales. Collected arround 1936 by research assistant of Dr. Gunter Wagner (1908-1952).´(1995) by Jan J. de Wolf.

Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. / Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Includes appendix of five papers in press and submitted manuscripts, all co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.

Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 2004

Hawai, Univ. of Hawaii, Diss.--Honolulu, 1999.

Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 2001. / "Stellingen" and errata slip inserted at front. Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-190. [Author's] Publications: p. 191-193).