Orientador: Neusa Maria Mendes de Gusmão / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T16:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_JanainaDamaceno_M.pdf: 2836892 bytes, checksum: 5c4b0309a35b0ef8d2151577e5f749d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo : Essa dissertação pretende analisar como as experiências interligadas de raça, gênero e classe social se articulam no cotidiano acadêmico de estudantes negras universitárias que freqüentaram cursos de graduação e pós-graduação na UNICAMP entre os anos de 1989 até 2006. Deseja-se com isso, fornecer maiores dados sobre a presença negra feminina na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, através da figura da estudante negra, captando a diversidade que este termo pode abranger. A análise de entrevistas e de autobiografias será nosso principal meio de pesquisa. Procurar-se-á perceber no esforço autobiográfico a tentativa de interpretação e reconstrução das experiências acadêmicas das estudantes. O objetivo é verificar as contradições existentes na representação coletiva sobre a mulher negra e a representação que é feita de sua presença como estudante na universidade. O acesso à educação superior influencia na dissolução da representação estereotipada da mulher negra? / Abstract : This dissertation aims to examine how experiences related to race, gender and social class are articulated in everyday academic life of black women, college students, at UNICAMP (1989-2001). Our purpose is to provide more data on the presence of black women at the University of Campinas, through the figure of the black woman student, capturing the diversity that this term may encompass. The analysis of interviews and autobiographies will be our primary means of research. We'll endeavor to understand the autobiographical effort in trying to interpret and reconstruct the academic experience of these students. The goal is to see the contradictions in collective representation of black women and the representation which is made by them about their presence as students at the university. Does access to higher education influence the dissolution of the stereotypical representation of black woman? / Mestrado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Mestre em Educação

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This thesis discusses the results of a survey given to college women focusing on the various roles women must play, with a focus on their economic aspects.

The purpose of this study is to look at parallel factors between the Hispanic female dropout rate and possible resiliency methods such as retention through inquiry based science education. This type of educational program might provide insight into the many educational possibilities that are open to Hispanic females.

In 1877 the University of St Andrews initiated a unique qualification, the Lady Literate in Arts, which came into existence initially as the LA, the Literate in Arts, a higher certificate available to women only. Awarded by examination but as a result of a programme of distance learning, it was conceived and explicitly promoted as a degree-level qualification at a time when women had no access to matriculation at Scottish universities and little anywhere in the United Kingdom. From small beginnings it expanded both in numbers of candidates and in spread of subjects and it lasted until the early 1930s by which time over 36,000 examinations had been taken and more than 5,000 women had completed the course. The scheme had emerged in response to various needs and external pressures which shaped its character. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the nature and achievements of the LLA in its first fifteen years and to establish its place within the wider movement for female equality of status and opportunity which developed in the later decades of the nineteenth century. The conditions under which the university introduced the LLA, its reasons for doing so, the nature of the qualification, its progress and development in the years before 1892 when women were admitted to Scottish universities as undergraduates and the consequences for the university itself are all examined in detail. The geographical and social origins and the educational backgrounds of the candidates themselves are analysed along with their age structure, their uptake of LLA subjects and the completion rates for the award. All of these are considered against the background of the students' later careers and life experiences. This thesis aims to discover the extent to which the LLA was influential in shaping the lives of its participants and in advancing the broader case for female higher education. It seeks to establish for the first time the contribution that St Andrews LLA women made to society at large and to the wider movement for female emancipation.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation argues that women on the African continent experience moments of internal exclusion in higher education discourses. Although women are statistically represented in higher education discourses, they remain subjected to internal exclusion on the grounds that their contributions are evidently unsubstantive. Through a conceptual analysis of women’s experiences of African higher education, the study reveals that internal exclusion can be attributed to patriarchy, male chauvinism, authoritarianism and a gendered view of equality, mostly generated in people’s social, political and cultural practices. I contend that a ‘non-gendered’ ethics of care can undermine the debilitating effects caused by the internal exclusion of women in higher education discourses. By examining the implications of a reconstituted ethics of care for teaching and learning at higher education institutions on the continent, the study offers some ways in which exclusionary higher education practices can be remedied. This dissertation contends that, if higher education in Africa were to halt the dilemma of internal exclusion and move towards engendering a reconstituted ethics of care, both conceptually and pragmatically, then it stands an authentic chance of cultivating compassionate, imaginative and responsible citizens who can reason, not only for themselves, but for humanity as well. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif argumenteer dat vrouens op die vasteland van Afrika momente van interne uitsluiting ondervind. Alhoewel vrouens statisties goed verteenwoordig is in hoër onderwys diskoerse, bly hulle steeds onderhewig aan interne uitsluiting op grond daarvan dat hulle bydrae nie genoegsaam geag word nie. Gegrond op 'n konseptuele analise van die wedervaringe van vrouens in hoër onderwys in Afrika, bevind hierdie studie dat interne uitsluiting van vrouens toegeskryf kan word aan patriargie, manlike chauvinisme, outoritarisme, en 'n geslagsblik van gelykheid wat meestal aanslag vind in mense se sosiale, politieke en kulturele praktyke. Ek voer aan dat 'n nie-geslagtelike etiek van sorg die verlammende effekte van interne uitsluiting van vroue in hoër onderwysdiskoerse kan ondermyn. Die studie stel maniere voor hoe uitsluitende hoër onderwys praktyke beredder kan word deur 'n ondersoek van die implikasies van 'n rekonstruksie van 'n etiek van sorg aan hoër onderwys instansies op die vasteland. Hierdie proefskrif voer aan dat as hoër onderwys in Afrika die dilemma van interne uitsluiting wil stuit en dan konseptueel en pragmaties wil beweeg na 'n rekonstruksie van 'n etiek van sorg, daar dan 'n outentieke kans kan bestaan om verantwoordbare burgers te kweek wat deernisvol is, wat verbeeldingryk is, en wat nie alleen vir hulleself kan redeneer nie, maar ook vir die mensdom.

Este estudo pauta-se na análise de escritos de mulheres baianas, buscando averiguar as relações entre a prática da escrita e as formas de constituição de subjetividades femininas em múltiplos ritmos de tempo. Partindo de um mapeamento desses escritos espalhados pelo território baiano e reconhecendo o manancial que representam para estudos de singularidades culturais em variados contextos, focalizamos um conjunto de memorialistas e escritoras, predominantemente professoras do Alto Sertão da Bahia, que começaram escrevendo memórias e romances autobiográficos e, sem interromper a prática, tornaram-se escritoras de gêneros literários diversos. Nessa escritura trouxeram à baila discussões de temas que perpassaram pelo mundo feminino nas décadas de 1920 a 1960 do século XX, através do registro das suas experiências e das transformações e desafios enfrentados por mulheres em diferentes gerações, estribadas ora na memória, ora no domínio da arte da escrita e uso de elementos ficcionais. Diante disso, perseguimos as trajetórias de mulheres que abriram espaços através da palavra escrita em busca por autorrealização, ora atreladas à integração com a família e a sociedade, ora em aberta rejeição aos papéis normativos, na medida em que se voltavam para a integração do eu. O nosso enfoque privilegiou ainda as narrativas acerca da cotidianidade em seus espaços de formação e atuação como professoras, tensões e lutas de mulheres em posições sociais diferenciadas, dramas sociais e venturas nos modos de viver nas pequenas cidades, espaços rurais e outras redes de sociabilidade, especialmente no Alto Sertão da Bahia. Para exame das conjunturas socioculturais pertinentes a este estudo foram utilizadas fontes documentais em arquivos públicos e particulares, jornais, correspondências pessoais e processos-crime, além de vasta literatura memorialística de variada autoria, todas elas confrontadas com os escritos em análise. A pesquisa mostra, portanto, mulheres que se arriscaram nas artes da escrita, defendendo direitos femininos e direitos de pertencimento ao mundo das letras, elucidando processos de mudanças entre as gerações, com a ousadia de desvendarem momentos diferenciados de constituição de subjetividades e ainda muita capacidade de improvisar suas vidas conturbadas no confronto do antigo com o moderno. / This research is based on the analysis of women writers from Bahia, in Brazil,,and its aim is to establish their writing practices towards the process of building of their own subjectivities. We begin with a map of locations from which they wrote, emphasizing the cultural singularities in their many different geographical contexts. They were mainly public school teachers and some of them became fiction writers. Through their own life experiences, they focus on themes related to the social world of women from the Alto sertão da Bahia, from the 1920s to the 1960s. Their writing document different life experiences, some of them accepting social norms and keeping themselves integratied with their families and, and others often in open rejection of normative gender roles This work shows their daily lives as teachers and their tension/struggles from different social positions, focusing mainly on their daily lives and on their rural habits. . They also document their abilities to improvise their troubled lives in confrontation of old\" with modernways of life. This work relied mainly on their written memories, often in the confrontation between different memory books of their times and also on documentary sources from public and private archives, newspapers, personal letters, criminal and judicial proceedings. As women writers they were committed to defending women rights and in documenting the process of change between generations in order to uncover distinct moments of subjectivity constitution.

Women are central to human development and yet, nowhere around the globe are they treated as equals to men. Although the need to empower them has been widely recognised, equality is not more than a theoretical construct and empowerment remains low, especially for female Dalits (the most disadvantaged social group in India). This study thus seeks to explore the impact of public secondary school education on the empowerment of Dalit women in Andhra Pradesh, India. Twelve female Dalits were interviewed to better comprehend the effects of their educational experiences from their own perspective. Nine indicators for empowerment were used, among them decision making, social and physical mobility, choices surrounding sexuality and self-reported attitude changes. Findings showed a positive effect of education on empowerment, although deeply embedded social and patriarchal thought patterns were challenged only partly. The study suggests that education clearly needs to exceed primary schooling to result in empowerment. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

The purpose of this study was to develop the i-STEM programme, an awareness initiative that would improve the participation of young women in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields in South African universities. That would serve as an intervention measure to young women’s significantly low numbers in the STEM fields, causing a gender disparity in those fields. Young women are said to be overrepresented in the fields that are at a lower level, the so-called soft disciplines and of short-term duration at tertiary level. The STEM fields, on the other hand, are well-remunerated and high-status careers, perceived as the main solution for the unprecedented socioeconomic challenges that the world is experiencing, as a result of, mainly, climate change and lack of food security. The literature reviewed was focused on the participation of young women in the STEM fields in South Africa, Africa and globally, assisting the study to investigate the reasons for low numbers of young women in the STEM fields. The mixed method approach was of benefit to the nature of this study, a quantitative and qualitative enquiry. The study was conducted at two universities with completely different profiles, contact sessions and modes of content delivery. The third institution was the government department relating to higher education. For research design, data was collected from 111 participants who were involved with the STEM fields and/or university education. Two (2) lecturers, two (2) government officials and two (2) young female students were interviewed and 105 other participants completed the questionnaires. Some data were collected from participating institutions’ documents. Interpretation and analysis of such data, was done through concurrent, triangulation design, where data collection was done concurrently, i.e. in the same phase, in both the quantitative and qualitative manner. The main findings blamed the different ways in which boys and girls were socialised in their communities. Girls were more exposed to matters pertaining to food and caring while boys were more exposed to cars and machines, resulting in girls preferring socially orientated careers and the boys, mechanical ones. Those findings were used as the impetus to construct Phases 1, 2 and 3 of the developed awareness programme, i.e. ‘Identification’, ‘Induction’ and ‘Implementation’, whereby the departments of Basic Education and Higher Education and Training, together with universities, would identify learners and students as mentees and mentors, who will become the advocates for breaking the above stereotypes. Another discovery was that there is an element of cultural stereotyping in society, that the STEM fields were difficult and therefore meant for men, since they are supposed to be more demanding and not for women as soft targets; hence the environment was unsupportive of women. It also related to the classification of certain jobs as men’s and others as women’s territory. That theory was further extended through the finding that the STEM fields were more-costly than the social sciences and that most of them require a longer study period. As a result, young women who anticipate becoming mothers and wives, avoid them as careers, in consideration of their future cultural roles. Those findings influenced the last four phases of the i-STEM programme, i.e. ‘Impression’, ‘Integration’, ‘Intensification’ and ‘Ignition’, whereby cultural and classist stereotypes would be determined through baseline information and rooted out by synergy in terms of resources, research and effort by local, national and international stakeholders, as guided by the programme. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)