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The effects of selected socio-demographic variables on depression and resilience in a sample of socio-economically disadvantaged women in Doornkop, SowetoMoodley, Jacqueline 25 July 2013 (has links)
M.Sc. (Research Psychology) / Mental health is known to be adversely affected by gender inequality and poverty. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that psychological disorders affect half the global population (WHO, 2010) and South African estimates posited that 16.5% of the population presented with common mental disorders in 2007 (Williams et al., 2008). Depression and anxiety disorders in women, specifically, are posing a major public health concern in developing countries due to inadequate treatment (Aidoo & Harpham, 2001). Protective factors, namely intrapersonal, interpersonal, community and cultural factors, were identified by Ungar (2008) as a mechanism that promotes resilience and alleviates the effects of adversity. In order to develop knowledge geared toward intervention strategies to promote mental health in socio-economically disadvantaged women in urban communities, this study employed an explanatory mixed methods research design (which included both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews) to establish an incidence of depressive symptoms, and levels of ego-resilience, among women in Doornkop, Soweto. This was done in order to explore, first, the relationships between selected socio-demographic variables and depression and ego-resilience, and second, to investigate if there was a relationship between depression and ego-resilience. Finally, the study aimed to gain an understanding of how women perceived the role of protective resources in their lives which might promote positive mental health outcomes. The statistical component of the study found a weak negative correlation between the two constructs of depression and ego-resilience. Symptoms of depression appeared to be related by exposure to a high number of difficult life experiences, and particularly in instances of having been a victim of crime or violence. While ego-resilience seemed to be related to increased participation in community groups, it also correlated with adversity, namely, unemployment. This led the researcher to the conclusion that for this sample, depression and ego-resilience were independent constructs, and although they were divergent concepts, both were shaped by exposure to adversity. The interview data further explored exogenous sources of resilience as set out by Ungar (2008). These findings highlighted the importance of interpersonal relations on feelings of well-being. While the protective factors varied in the sources from which they arose (from children, romantic partners, parents, peers and community groups to music and television, and faith in God), they all provided a sense of purpose, belonging and self -worth, which enabled positive feelings. The main recommendation that arose from the research was the need for community education about mental illness, the services available to communities, and the importance of developing and maintaining family and community systems of support. These measures may go some way toward enhancing resilience in women and reducing vulnerability to mental disorders arising from experiences of adversity. Furthermore, a focus on community-based interventions, such as education and life skills, is vital in shifting the focus of interventions from mental illness to the promotion of mental health. Ongoing research is fundamental to developing our existing knowledge of both psychopathology and the promotion of mental well-being in women in socio-economically deprived communities. Research, in light of the challenges facing community mental health services in poor areas, could include foci on the beliefs of professionals including the knowledge and skills required to deliver effective mental health services. Knowledge of this nature should serve to enhance our understanding of the complexities of mental health and inform the development of innovative and appropriate treatment modalities that are oriented to the particular needs of women in resource-poor communities.
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Strategies to improve the representation of black women in senior levels within the South African banking industryPeacock, Brenda Thandiwe January 2017 (has links)
The main purpose of this qualitative research study was to investigate strategies to improve the representation of black females in senior levels within the South African banking industry. This was done through investigating the challenges that black women face in their career advancement within the banking industry and the strategies which currently exist and can be implemented to improve this representation. In as much as the research is aimed at seeking strategies to improve black women representation in senior positions, it also seeks to understand the barriers experienced by black women in different levels within the industry as these levels serve as a pipeline for senior management. This problem was addressed through answering the research objectives. The research objectives were achieved through conducting a literature review to explore the existing research topic and conducting an empirical study. Empirical evidence was obtained through conducting semi-structured interviews with seven black women who are currently working in the banking sector. Semi-structured interviews were used due to the target population being specific to black women as well as the need to acquire in-depth knowledge from black women of their experiences in climbing the corporate ladder in the sector. The key findings of the research found that the participant’s perception was that black women were at the bottom, that black women were displaying behaviours that were inhibiting their progress to senior positions. The study also found that black women struggled to advance to senior positions due to different challenges that they encountered. The study is finalised by the participants providing recommendations in terms of how the representation of black women could be improved.
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An evaluation of protection orders around Thohoyandou Area : a sociological approachTshifhumulo, Rendani 19 December 2012 (has links)
PhD (Sociology) / Department of Social Work
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Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among women attending Tshilidzini Hospital, Limpopo ProvinceMudau, Azwinndini G. 15 July 2015 (has links)
MPH / Department of Public Health
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The reconstitution of African women's spiritualities in the context of the Amazwi Abesifazane (Voices of Women) project in KwaZulu-Natal (1998-2005)Stott, Bernice January 2006 (has links)
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Fine Art in the Department of Fine Art, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006. / This study will investigate and critically evaluate the reconstitution of African women’s spiritualities in the context of the Amazwi Abesifazane project. This project forms part of the endeavours of Create Africa South, a Non Governmental Organisation situated in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, which was initiated by the artist Andries Botha. It encourages women, post trauma, to ‘re-member’ themselves by creating memory cloths of embroidery and appliqué reflecting on their experiences in pre- and post-apartheid South Africa. This interdisciplinary study theorises that it is an archive that speaks about African women resisting destructive forces and reconstituting their spiritualities through the therapeutic effects of creativity. The study will not include research into the many other activities undertaken by Create Africa South.
Rupture is implied in the use of the word ‘reconstitution’. Reconstitution encompasses the act of constituting again the character of the body, mind and spirit as regards health, strength and well-being of the women (McIntosh, 1970:261). In this study, spirituality is defined as the way in which the women in the Amazwi Abesifazane project reflect upon and live out their belief in God.
The power of storytelling is examined from the perspectives of narratology, narrative therapy, sewing and orality/literary studies as resources for the women’s reclamation of their lives. Defining feminisms in South Africa is problematised by issues of race, class and culture. In a context of poverty, everyday survivalist strategies are the diverse forms of resistance seen in the Amazwi Abesifazane project. The women’s stories, cloths and interviews are triangulated as primary data. They are examples of the rich art of resistance against despair and are located in a paradigm of hope. In conclusion, I strongly call for government support in declaring the project a national archive. The multidimensional mediums of the Amazwi Abesifazane/ UbuMama projects nurture the women’s creativity and revitalise their spiritualities towards personal and national transformation.
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A feminist phenomenological description of depression in low-income South African womenDukas, Carla Justine 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A review of the past decade of literature on the subject of depression in South African
women revealed a paucity of research that documents the perspectives of low-income
women who have been diagnosed with depression. Informed by this and recent feminist
critiques of the concept of depression, this study aimed to bring traditionally overlooked
perspectives to the fore by providing rich descriptions of the subjectively lived
experience of depression, as recounted by low-income women themselves. This feminist
phenomenological study took place in a poor, rural community in the Western Cape
Province of South Africa. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with ten
low-income women who had been diagnosed with depression. The transcribed
interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. A number of
important findings emerged. Firstly, participants were seen to express somatic
complaints ahead of (and more frequently than) disclosures of sadness. Secondly,
participants often described experiencing their psychological distress as anger, anxiety
and a changed sense of self. Thirdly, participants generally attributed these experiences
(and their overall distress) to a history of childhood trauma, the loss of important
relationships, being physically, sexually or emotionally abused, feeling under supported
and overburdened by multiple responsibilities, living in dangerous communities, and/or
the various consequences of poverty. Finally, it was observed that while symptoms of
suicidal ideation and intent were present in many of the women interviewed, strong
religious and cultural norms existed and generally functioned to silence and deny the
subject. Overall, the women’s subjective experiences, understandings and descriptions
of depression allowed a more complex picture to emerge than that which is currently
offered by mainstream biomedical models. Consequentially, the current
conceptualisation of the term “depression” was deemed to be inadequate, specifically
because it does not fully capture low-income women’s experiences of distress, and also
because it tends to obscure the possible impact of socio-economic and political contexts
on their mental health. Implications of these findings include firstly, that not only does
the diagnosis of depression serve to medicalise women’s misery, but it may
simultaneously serve to obscure their feelings of anger, anxiety, sadness, hopelessness
and other symptoms of distress that are intrinsically linked to their disadvantageous
social and living conditions. Secondly, the findings indicate that the use of traditional
diagnostic and suicide assessment interviews may be unhelpful or even irresponsible in
some South African contexts. Finally, many of the study findings warrant further
investigation and psychological research. Recommendations to this end are thus
included and stress the need to use theoretical perspectives and research methodologies that are sensitive to the multilayered, complex psychological experiences of depression
in low-income women. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ’n Oorsig van die afgelope dekade se literatuur oor depressie by Suid-Afrikaanse vroue
dui op ’n gebrek aan navorsing oor die perspektiewe van vroue uit lae-inkomstegroepe
wat met dié toestand gediagnoseer word. Na aanleiding hiervan sowel as onlangse
feministiese kritiek op die konsep van depressie, was hierdie studie dus daarop
toegespits om tradisioneel miskende perspektiewe na vore te bring deur middel van ’n
ryke beskrywing van die subjektiewe ervaring van die lewe met depressie soos vroue uit
lae-inkomstegroepe self daarvan vertel. Hierdie feministiese fenomenologiese studie is
in ’n arm, landelike gemeenskap in die provinsie Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika, onderneem.
Semigestruktureerde diepte-onderhoude is gevoer met tien vroue in die laeinkomstekategorie
wat met depressie gediagnoseer is. Die getranskribeerde onderhoude
is op vertolkende fenomenologiese wyse ontleed. ’n Aantal belangrike bevindinge is
gemaak. Eerstens het die meeste deelnemers somatiese klagtes gehad voordat (en meer
dikwels as wat) hulle oor hul neerslagtigheid en terneergedruktheid gepraat het.
Tweedens het heelwat deelnemers hul sielkundige nood as woede, angs en ’n gewysigde
selfbeskouing beskryf. Derdens het die vroue merendeels hul ervarings (en hul algehele
nood) aan ’n geskiedenis van kindertrauma, die verlies van belangrike verhoudings,
fisiese, seksuele of emosionele mishandeling, ’n gebrek aan ondersteuning tesame met
’n oormaat verantwoordelikhede, hul gevaarlike woonbuurte en/of die verskillende
gevolge van armoede toegeskryf. Laastens is waargeneem dat hoewel die ideasie en
voorneme van selfdood wél as simptome by baie van die respondente opgemerk is, daar
terselfdertyd sterk godsdienstige en kulturele norme bestaan waarvolgens dié onderwerp
oor die algemeen doodgeswyg en ontken word. In die geheel skets die vroue se
subjektiewe ervarings, begrippe en beskrywings van depressie ’n meer komplekse
prentjie as wat hoofstroom- biomediese modelle tot dusver gebied het. Dus blyk die
huidige konseptualisering van die term ‘depressie’ onvoldoende te wees, veral omdat dit
nie die ervarings en nood van vroue uit lae-inkomstegroepe ten volle vasvang nie, en
ook geneig is om die moontlike impak van sosio-ekonomiese en politieke kontekste op
dié vroue se geestesgesondheid te misken. Die implikasies van hierdie bevindinge sluit
eerstens in dat die diagnose van depressie nie net hierdie vroue se nood ‘medikaliseer’
nie, maar terselfdertyd dalk ook hul gevoelens van woede, angs, hartseer, hopeloosheid
en ander simptome van nood wat ten nouste met hul minderbevoorregte maatskaplike en
lewensomstandighede verband hou, verberg. Tweedens dui die bevindinge daarop dat
die gebruik van tradisionele diagnostiese en selfdoodevalueringsonderhoude in sekere Suid-Afrikaanse kontekste nutteloos en selfs onverantwoordelik kan wees. Laastens
regverdig baie van die studie se bevindinge verdere ondersoek en sielkundige navorsing.
Aanbevelings in hierdie verband word dus ingesluit, en beklemtoon onder meer die
behoefte aan teoretiese perspektiewe en navorsingsmetodologieë wat gevoelig is vir die
meervlakkige, komplekse sielkundige ervarings van depressie by vroue uit laeinkomstegroepe.
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Die vrou en moeder as faktor in die maatskaplike lewe van die Suidafrikaanse Inboorling VolkePrinsloo, H. F January 1930 (has links)
Tesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 1930. / Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: No Abstract Available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen Opsomming Beskikbaar
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Exploring factors contributing to South African women entrepreneurshipGanesan, Sudha 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This report is an exploratory study assessing the life stages of South African women entrepreneurs. The purpose is to share significant learnings, experiences and challenges from an entrepreneurial perspective. The study followed a phenomenological approach; the findings have been formed based on the lived experiences of the women without imposing bias or existing knowledge frameworks. The study aims to share meaningful experiences from their situational contexts. The sample consisted of ten South African women entrepreneurs in various industries. The industries range from packaging, clothing, fast moving consumer goods (food), communications, accommodation, and asset management.
Important findings of the study are that having relevant work experience, expertise in their fields, and established reputations within their respective industries assisted the participating women in establishing their businesses.
However, the younger entrepreneurs with limited work experience were also able to establish successful enterprises owing to being highly skilled in their areas of expertise. They had chosen to study courses, after identifying their passions. They had specifically chosen courses directly related to the businesses they created in order to improve their expertise further.
One participant was an exception to the women entrepreneurs participating. She had started her business with no related work experience and no expertise with regards to her product offering. In her case, passion for her product, upskilling herself, having a support structure, and having access to mentorship, assisted her in overcoming challenges.
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A place to belong :[RE] Imagining shelter for young women in HillbrowLeeuw, Thabiso 09 October 2014 (has links)
Johannesburg is a melting pot of people from different walks of life who have come to the city on the pursuit of happiness. Hillbrow is a neighbourhood infamous for its criminal activities. It is the point of arrival for many of the people who travel to Johannesburg looking for work, making it a very hostile environment for the vulnerable. Human trafficking is a highly lucrative business in South Africa. The global market for human trafficking is at $42, 5-billion (about R317-billion). In the Children’s Act 38, Section 194 of 2005 one of clauses refers to the needs of young women affected by human trafficking, (Mahery, Jamieson, & Scott, 2011).
There is a clear need for a re-imagined approach to the typology of shelters provided through welfare structures. Young women need shelters in the inner city that are tailored for their specific needs especially the vast majority who are forced into the city through prostitution and human trafficking. This thesis deals with the design of a new typology that best addresses the needs of a shelter for young women in the city.
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Exploring the perceptions of male student activists in relation to gender transformation and equality: the case of WitsNyaose, Thandazile January 2017 (has links)
A report on a research study presented to the Department of Social Work
School of Human and Community Development, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirement
for a degree Master of Arts in Social Work, March 2017 / This research report explores how male Wits university students, who are actively involved in SASCO, a student organisation that advocates for amongst other things, none sexist society, perceive gender transformation and equality. The research approach utilised was qualitative and exploratory in nature with a broad aim of explaining the perceptions of the male students. Informal interaction and semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with ten male student activists and a key informant as methods of data collection. The data, in the form of interview transcripts was than analysed using the IPA approach. Although the participant’s perceptions of gender transformation and equality varied, it was evident, however, that all of the participants agreed that women have been previously and currently disadvantaged in society. The main findings that show the concepts of gender transformation and equality are much more digestible on paper and policies but difficult to implement. It becomes unreasonable to aspect individuals when they get into institutions of higher learning to now unlearn patriarchy and disown patriarchal privileges and benefits that they have enjoyed for most of the lives. The introduction of sustainable gender transformation and equality needs a complete overhaul of gendered societies and societal injustices. Gender injustices should be afforded the same attention that is given to economic inequalities, access to education and political instabilities. / XL2018
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