Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES

Orientadores: Maria José Martins Duarte Osis, Maria Yolanda Makuch / Texto em português e inglês / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T22:13:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Higinio_MariaAmeliaRalio_M.pdf: 1701742 bytes, checksum: 6ec7b417df29b6225b504b575fc549b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a experiência de mulheres brasileiras com a prática de exercícios físicos para lidar com sintomas da síndrome pré-menstrual (SPM), e a experiência de ginecologistas brasileiros com a indicação dessa prática. Sujeitos e métodos: realizou-se um estudo descritivo, com análise secundária de dados da pesquisa "Tensão pré-menstrual: perspectiva e atitude de mulheres, homens e médicos ginecologistas no Brasil". Foram analisados os dados dos questionários das 948 mulheres entrevistadas no estudo original que referiram ter ou já ter tido sintomas da SPM; e 48 entrevistas semidirigidas com médicos ginecologistas (23 homens e 25 mulheres). Essas pessoas foram selecionadas e entrevistadas nas seguintes cidades: Campinas (Região Sudeste), Canoas (Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Região Sul), Salvador e Camaçari (Região Metropolitana de Salvador, na Região Nordeste), Manaus (Região Norte), Campo Grande (Região Centro-Oeste), e Brasília (Distrito Federal). Para entrevistar as mulheres foi utilizado um questionário estruturado e pré-testado, e para as entrevistas semidirigidas com médicos (as) utilizou-se um roteiro organizado com perguntas de partida e de aprofundamento, desenvolvidas com base nos objetivos do estudo. Realizou-se análise bivariada dos dados quantitativos para avaliar a associação entre as seguintes variáveis e a prática de exercícios físicos para lidar com sintomas da SPM: estatus socioeconômico, idade, escolaridade, estado marital, cor, religião, trabalho remunerado, histórico reprodutivo, interferência da SPM na vida conjugal, familiar, laboral e de lazer; consulta médica motivada por sintomas da SPM, orientações recebidas nessa consulta, incluindo a prática de exercícios físicos. Realizou-se análise temática de conteúdo das entrevistas semidirigidas, pautada nas seguintes categorias de análise: Percepção sobre as principais queixas das mulheres relacionadas à SPM, causas da SPM, abordagem com as pacientes, indicações/ tratamentos para melhora dos sintomas, perspectiva em relação à eficácia das indicações/tratamentos. Resultados: Dentre as mulheres que referiram ter sintomas de SPM, apenas 8% mencionaram realizar exercícios físicos como forma de lidar com isso. Mais de um terço (38,6%) das mulheres que tinham sintomas de SPM disse ter consultado um médico, e 21,9% das que consultaram afirmaram que lhes foi indicado realizar exercícios físicos; 70% delas disseram ter seguido essa orientação. Os médicos ginecologistas referiram indicar a prática de exercícios físicos como parte de um conjunto de recomendações e prescrições para as mulheres que consultam pelos sintomas da SPM. Os profissionais consideravam que a prática de exercícios físicos era um recurso eficiente para ajudar a minimizar os sintomas, porém não acreditavam que as mulheres aderissem integralmente à sua recomendação, pois isso exigia mudança de estilo de vida. Conclusões: Mulheres e médicos (as) atribuíam valor positivo à prática de exercícios físicos como forma de lidar com sintomas da SPM. Porém, foi pequena a proporção de mulheres que, de fato, recorriam a essa prática. Os médicos, ao indicarem a prática de exercícios físicos como forma de lidar com os sintomas da SPM, inseriam-na em um conjunto de orientações voltadas a uma vida saudável, aliada aos tratamentos medicamentosos / Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the perspective and experience of Brazilian women regarding the practice of physical exercise as a mean to deal with the symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and of gynecologists with respect to recommending this practice for the same purpose. Subjects and Methods: Descriptive study based on a secondary analysis of quantitative and qualitative data collected for the study "Premenstrual syndrome: Brazilian women, men and physicians perspectives and attitudes". Data of 948 women who declared they had at least one SPM symptom, and of 48 gynecologists were analysed. All participants, women and physicians were selected in six major Brazilian cities: Campinas (São Paulo state, southeast region), Canoas (Rio Grande do Sul state, south region), Salvador e Camaçari (Bahia state, northeast region) Manaus (Amazonas state, north region), Campo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul state, central west region) and Brasília (Federal District). Women responded a structured questionnaire and qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with gynecologists. The possible association between the following variables and the practice of physical exercise to deal with the symptoms of PMS was evaluated: socioeconomic level, age, schooling, marital status, ethnicity, religion, paid employment, reproductive history, whether PMS interfered with the woman's marital life, family life and working and leisure activities, medical consultations motivated by PMS symptoms, and guidance received at this consultation, including whether she was advised to practice physical exercise. For the qualitative data, thematic content analysis was performed based on the following categories of analysis: the perception of women's principal complaints regarding PMS, the causes of PMS, ways of dealing with women with PMS, recommendations/treatments to improve symptoms, and the physician's perspective in relation to the efficacy of recommendations/treatments. Results: Of the 948 women, who reported PMS symptoms, 8% reported having performed physical exercise to deal with these symptoms and slightly over one-third had consulted a physician. Of the women who consulted a doctor, 21.9% reported that they had received the indication to perform physical exercise of which 70% reported that they had followed the indication. The majority of the gynecologists reported recommending the practice of physical exercise to women consulting with PMS symptoms and considered the practice of physical exercise an effective tool for minimizing PMS symptoms. However, some believed that women fail to comply fully with this recommendation, since it requires changes in their lifestyle. Conclusions: Women and gynecologists attributed a positive value to the practice of physical exercise as a way of dealing with PMS symptoms; however, the proportion of women who adopted this practice was small. Gynecologists recommended the practice of physical exercises as part of a set of guidelines aimed at healthy living, however this recommendation was usually combined with drug or hormonal treatments / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Ginecológica / Mestra em Ciências da Saúde

This thesis examines the evolution of HIV/ AIDS education for women in metro- Vancouver. The research focuses on two questions, "What AIDS education programs for women currently exist in Vancouver?" and "How effective has AIDS prevention education for women been?" Since the reported incidence of HIV/ AIDS continues to rise, the latter question leads to a further issue, "Why have some women been excluded from the HIV/ AIDS discourse? I chose to investigate these issues from a socialist feminist perspective. This perspective, which focuses on women's position within the economy, society, and family, guided my analysis of information I gathered from a variety of sources. These included both primary and secondary sources, namely: brochures; magazines; newspapers; television reports; journals; books; presentations; and interviews. The findings of the research reveal that, at the onset, preventative educational strategies did not exist for metro-Vancouver women because the gendering of the AIDS epidemic rendered women invisible. Since subsequent AIDS education focussed on "risk groups" rather than risk behaviors, many women who do not belong to a "risk group" still believe that they are not at risk. Consequently, gender appropriate strategies for AIDS prevention education need to be further developed. As well, these strategies are only one part of the solution. Belief systems, social scripting, and perceptions of one's self and others are the more challenging and difficult pieces to change, as are the underlying root causes of drug addiction and promiscuity. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Hyperventilation has been reported to cause false-positive ischemic shifts in the ST-segment of the electrocardiogram during exercise. These responses have been observed to occur at a higher incidence in females than males. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the performance of pretest hyperventilation on ECG components that are suggestive of myocardial ischemia in females. A standard 12-lead Mason-Likar recording set was used including leads I, II, II, aVR, aVL, aVF, V₂, and V₅. Fifteen females comprised the subject pool for this study, which was screened on the basis of J-point depression in a preliminary exercise procedure. The fifteen subjects each performed two exercise sessions, one with no hyperventilation and the other with a preliminary hyperventilation. Statistically significant differences were found between the baseline and post-hyperventilation ECG (P<.05). Analysis of the results revealed no significant differences in J-junction depression, ST slope, and the ST integral between the two testing conditions. Hyperventilation did affect the ST responses of the ECG in these young adult females at baseline and its continued use in conjunction with graded exercise testing may help uncover ST-segment changes associated with false-positive exercise responses. Hyperventilation may be performed in young adult females in conjunction with GXTs without the liklihood of augmenting ST-segment shifts during the exercise. / Master of Science

Thesis (M.Tech.: Radiography) - Dept. of Radiography, Durban University of Technology, 2006 xxiv, 214 leaves, Annexures A-L / The aim of this research was to determine normal bone mineral density (BMD) reference ranges (means and standard deviations) for the lumbar spine, total hip and distal forearm, for Indian women of varying age groups in KwaZulu-Natal. The aim also included a comparison of the study population reference ranges with those provided by the manufacturer in order to evaluate any diagnostic implications.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Social Work and Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

A dissertation submitted in full compliance with the requirements for the M.Tech: Radiography,Durban University of Technology, 2006. / The aim of this research was to determine normal bone mineral density (BMD) reference ranges (means and standard deviations) for the lumbar spine, total hip and distal forearm, for Indian women of varying age groups in KwaZulu-Natal. The aim also included a comparison of the study population reference ranges with those provided by the manufacturer in order to evaluate any diagnostic implications. / M

Stress urinary incontinence is prevalent among women. Pelvic floor muscle exercise has been found to be an effective treatment for management of women with stress urinary incontinence. Women's non-adherence to pelvic floor muscle exercise has been the major obstacle for achieving desirable treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the severity of stress urinary incontinence, impact of incontinence, self-esteem, and intrinsic motivation among Chinese women with stress urinary incontinence and to examine the implications of these relationships on Chinese women's adherence to pelvic floor muscle exercise. / The model developed from the study explained that Chinese women's adherence to pelvic floor exercise is influenced by the interaction among contextual, intrinsic and extrinsic components. Throughout learning and practicing pelvic floor muscle exercise, women's level of motivation to learn and adhere to exercise can be increased or decreased as these components interacted with each other. Finally, the study also highlights implications for nursing practice including the importance of assessment of women with urinary incontinence, awareness of factors influencing adherence to the exercise, and promoting women's adherence to the exercise by fostering women's exercise competency and commitment to exercise and raising women's awareness of the benefits of exercise. / The phase two findings showed that women's perception of severity of incontinence was influenced by sociocultural factors, self-esteem, and level of knowledge. The findings also indicated that about one-third of women were reluctant to disclose their incontinence problems to their partner. This was partly due to their beliefs of linkage between incontinence and deterioration of sexual function, and their conservative view regarding incontinence as a private matter which should not be discussed with their partner. Furthermore, the findings indicated that women's competency, commitment, perceived benefits of pelvic floor muscle exercise and perceived support from family and health professionals were the factors influencing women's adherence to pelvic floor muscle exercise. Importantly, the study revealed that motivation is dynamic in nature from women's initial learning to maintenance of the exercise. Furthermore, motivation was influenced by beliefs in effectiveness of the exercise, perceived exercise benefits and severity of incontinence. / The study employed a mixed method approach using a quantitative design in phase one and a qualitative design in phase two. The results of phase one of the study showed that the majority of women had low level of severity and impact of incontinence; however, 70% of women had high level of motivation to engage in pelvic floor muscle exercise. The results also demonstrated that women's self-esteem was influenced by the severity of incontinence in terms of consumption of pads, as well as the impact of incontinence on different aspects of life being affected by stress urinary incontinence. In addition, those women who had a higher level of severity in terms of increased wetting in previous year and previous week, as well as increased numbers of activities being affected by incontinence were more likely to have a higher level of motivation to adhere to pelvic floor muscle exercise. Furthermore, women with higher levels of impact of incontinence in terms of being affected on sexual life also demonstrated to have a higher level of motivation to adhere to pelvic floor muscle exercise. / Siu Lai Sheung Katherine. / "August 2006." / Adviser: Sheila Twinn. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1562. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 266-300). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

This research study explored the experiences of 19 women who had been diagnosed with, or were still seeking the diagnosis of SLE (lupus) and their decisions regarding support group participation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variety of factors influencing their choices in types and sources of support, their coping strategies and the reasons behind their decisions to either choose or not choose lupus support groups as a viable support resource. Those women identified as support groups attendees recalled a more emotion-focused response to their diagnosis and showed stronger reliance on seeking emotional forms of support. Conversely, those women who chose not to participate in groups (non-attendees) utilized more problem-focused strategies when they received their news of the illness and indicated more reliance on instrumental forms of support. Additionally, the women who do not attend support groups did not seem to have more social support from outside sources, but did show a tendency to utilize relationship-focused coping more than other forms of coping strategies overall. Both groups showed a heavy reliance on their medical providers for both emotional and instrumental forms of support suggesting this source as an important factor in individual choices in coping strategies and support sources. The decisions to attend or not attend differed only in the strategies they relied on and specific group structure, timing and locations. The results of this study supports earlier research in the types and sources of social support used in adapting to a chronic illness. This study also encourages incorporating individual support services through medical providers and the development of programs that acknowledge individual coping and support needs.